Share Price Reaction Research Articles

Does the Disclosure of Proprietary Information About Loan Losses Pose a Threat to Financial Stability?

AbstractConcerns have been expressed that public disclosure of outcomes from regulatory inspections of banks could lead to contagion and instability in the financial systems. This paper exploits Denmark's system of open inspection reports to analyze whether announcements of required increases in loan loss reserves by the Danish supervisory authorities, following an ordinary bank inspection, lead to contagion in financial markets. We find strong evidence of negative returns for the announcing banks over the period 2009–2020, suggesting that inspection reports containing proprietary information about loan losses provide value-relevant news to investors. We also find statistically significant contagion effects in the share price reactions among non-announcing peer banks. However, the reactions of other, non-affected banks are mild and confined to smaller banks, which is reassuring from a systemic risk perspective. Overall, our findings support the use of accounting disclosures as a policy tool for bank supervisors.

Recovering from geopolitical risk: An event study of Huawei's semiconductor supply chain

Amidst the ongoing globalisation of supply chains, geopolitical issues have emerged as a significant source of supply chain risk for firms. This has recently been illustrated in the trade sanctions adopted by the US against the Chinese semiconductor industry, particularly in the accessing of semiconductor chips. A notable event here, that we focus on in this paper, involves how the leading telecommunications company Huawei has been impacted by this and most interestingly how they have been able to respond, by being able to successfully launch new chip-based products during the US semiconductor chip technology blockade, despite the sanctions ban. This has been achieved with the support of key supplier, SMIC, who has become a major 7 nm chip supplier for Huawei. Employing the event study research method, this study initially examines the stock market's response to Huawei's new product release with these new SMIC-sourced semiconductor chips. It also appraises the propagation effects on Huawei's and SMIC's supply chain partners. This exposes the differential impact on the supply chain members of Huawei (focal firm) and SMIC (main supplier). The results reveal predominantly positive responses from Huawei's suppliers and customers, as well as SMIC's suppliers and customers, to these incidents, with Huawei's suppliers' and SMIC's suppliers' and customers' share prices responding positively to the release of Huawei's new product, exhibiting substantial median stock market reaction of 1.53%, 1.62%, and 2.52% on Day 0, respectively, it shows, in contrast, that Huawei's customers did not exhibit a positive share price reaction to the development of this newly sourced product. It is noteworthy that SMIC's supply of chips to Huawei has had a significantly positive impact on both Huawei and SMIC's suppliers and customers. With the impact varying across different roles within the supply chains, this study provides useful insights for understanding the propagation effect of good news in the supply chain resulting from firms' proactive action in response to imposed sanctions for a key supply component.

Signaling sustainability: Differential reaction of the stock market following the announcement of sustainability-linked bonds

This paper explores the suitability of sustainability-linked bonds (SLBs) for signaling sustainability intentions by analyzing the market reaction following their announcement and issuance. We find no significant share price reaction for SLBs targeting greenhouse gas emission reduction objectives. The lack of significant market reaction also applies to SLB-independent emission-reduction announcements. In contrast, for other types of SLB goals, such as those linked to sustainability ratings, renewable energy, or energy efficiency, we observe a significant positive market reaction. We argue that climate transition activities of companies are already priced by the market, while other sustainability goals are positively received.

Aktivistisch Investierende und ihre Einflussnahme auf Unternehmen

Abstract The growing presence of activist investors in Germany challenges companies with a confrontational style and broad demands. This article analyses the Anglo-American capital market phenomenon in the context of companies’ corporate governance and their shareholder structure. We examine the valuation effects of activist campaigns using share price reactions. The short-term announcement returns surrounding activist campaigns are positive and statistically significant. The mean abnormal share price return amounts to 3.96%. The results can be attributed to a combination of transaction and information effects.

Should I stay or should I go? Stock market reactions to companies' decisions in the wake of the Russia-Ukraine conflict

We examine the share price reaction of 1281 firms with Russian operations when they announce their decision to leave or stay in the Russian market following the outbreak of the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine on February 24, 2022. We observe positive stock returns to leave decisions (+0.67 % during the three days surrounding the announcement), but do not find any significant reaction for stay decisions. We provide evidence that leave decisions are announced earlier if the initial share price reaction to the outbreak of the armed conflict was more pronounced, indicating that investors may appreciate a clear commitment to exit the Russian market. The results do not indicate that firm decisions (leave or stay) are based on previous stock returns, but we find that firms with larger negative returns at the beginning of the conflict obtain more positive returns around the firms' decision announcements. Finally, we show that firms that change their initial decision are more likely to opt to leave the Russian market than to stay.

Managerial confidence and capital structure announcement effects on share prices on the Johannesburg Share Exchange

Background: In an attempt to enhance our understanding of the important determinants of the debt–equity choice, there is a need to explore the behavioural facets driving the decision to issue either debt or equity. Furthermore, the divergent set of implications of equity and debt issues on the share prices are empirical matters that need to be addressed.Aim: In this article the link is investigated between managerial confidence and the likelihood of issuing debt, as well as the share price implications of equity and debt issue announcements on the Johannesburg Share Exchange (JSE).Setting: The study is based on the equity bond issue announcements of JSE-listed firms for the period 2000–2020.Method: In this article, panel data regression and event study approaches are used in a sample of 81 and 113 bond and equity issue announcements, respectively, for 69 firms listed on the JSE.Results: The main findings of this article indicate that managerial optimism drives debt issuing activities on the JSE and that there are negative and significant abnormal returns associated with the announcement of equity issues.Conclusion: Overall, we conclude that behavioural finance is an important factor driving capital structure decisions, and that signalling, as well as market-timing concerns drive share price reactions on the JSE.Contribution: This article highlights the importance of behavioural factors in capital structure decisions and identifies the firm-specific channels through which managerial optimism drives leverage. Additionally, the article sheds light on the role of signalling and market timing in capital structure decisions.

Audit Committee Attributes and Share Price Reaction of Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria

This study investigated the effect of audit committee characteristics on share price reaction of listed Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) in Nigeria. Specifically, the study sought to examine the effect of audit committee independence, expertise, size, frequency of meetings and gender diversity on share price reaction of listed DMBs in Nigeria. The study adopted the ex-post facto research design. The study used a sample of 12 DMBs from a population of 14 DMBs listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group using the filtering method. Data were sourced from annual reports and accounts of the sampled DMBs in Nigeria. The study period covered ten (10) years from 2011-2020. Pooled Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) Model was used for data analysis. The results of the study suggested that audit committee independence, size, frequency of meetings and gender diversity have a perverse and significant effect on share price reaction of DMBs listed in Nigeria. The result of the study also established that audit committee financial expertise positively but insignificantly affects share price reaction of DMBs listed in Nigeria. The study, therefore, recommended that financial expertise of the audit committee members should be given utmost attention by the board since it exerts a positive effect on share price reaction. This is supported by the requirements of CAMA 2020 which states in section 404 subsection (5) that all audit committee members should be financially literate and at least one of them should be a member of a professional accounting body established by an Act of the Nigerian Parliament. The study also recommended that DMBs should strive to maintain a small audit committee size below the stipulated maximum number of 5 as stipulated by CAMA 2020 for effective performance.

Perils of limiting the coverage of mandatory pay disclosure: The Korean experience

AbstractIn 2013, Korea adopted a mandatory pay disclosure rule applicable only to board members paid above a certain threshold (KRW 500 million, roughly equal to USD 5 million). In this study, we find evidence of Korean executives avoiding disclosure through director deregistration, that is, stepping down from the board, but retaining a non‐registered executive position in the same company. This tendency is stronger when deregistration cost is low (in case of family executives), and benefit is high (in case of high executive‐to‐worker pay ratios). We also find that family executives choose pay cuts over deregistration as means of avoidance when their income loss from pay cuts is relatively low. Last, we find that disclosure avoidance prompts negative share price reactions, leads to higher dividend payouts (in case of large pay cuts) and results in smaller board sizes (in case of family deregistration).

Discretionary Accounting Narratives in Contemporary Corporate Reporting: Review and Framework

This paper reviews prior research on discretionary accounting narratives, adopting a preparer perspective. We develop an analytical framework to organize our review which classifies prior research according to three components: antecedents, characteristics, and consequences of disclosures. We first overview our framework. We then discuss each framework component. Antecedents comprise the external context and internal environment. The paper addresses multiple discretionary accounting narrative characteristics. Consequences comprise share price reaction studies, experimental studies of users’ responses to discretionary accounting narratives, and firm consequences such as corporate reputation, image, legitimacy and trust. We conclude the paper with an extensive agenda for future research.

Does it Pay to Have CIOs on the Board? Creating Value by Appointing C-Level IT Executives to the Board of Directors

In an increasingly digital world, C-level information technology experts (CITEs) such as CIOs and CTOs are playing an increasingly indispensable role in leading IT initiatives. Despite this, recent research shows a lack of oversight by the board of directors over the IT function due to the “IT confidence gap” of directors with no IT expertise. This has resulted in the emergence of a recent trend of appointing CITEs to the board of directors. However, there is little research on whether such appointments result in value creation for the appointing firms. We use perspectives from agency and resource dependence theories to examine two value impacts of CITE director appointments to address this question. We suggest that CITE director appointments create signaling value by enhancing the firm’s ability to signal their intention to institute more effective oversight of the IT function and subsequently accumulate value in the form of share price reaction to appointment announcements. Correspondingly, CITE directors’ human and relational capital application also creates substantive value in the form of firm financial performance over a longer duration. Using an event study and hierarchical linear modeling, our analysis of 334 CITE director appointments largely supports our contention that the human and relational capital of CITE directors and their appointment in firms facing IT-related contextual conditions results in both a positive share price reaction and better firm financial performance over the long term. We conclude that appointing CITE directors with the appropriate capital under certain contextual conditions leads to firm value creation.

Cultural Biases in Equity Analysis

ABSTRACTA more positive cultural trust bias by an equity analyst's country of origin toward a firm's headquarter country is associated with significantly more positive stock recommendations. The cultural bias effect is stronger for eponymous firms whose names mention their home country and varies over time, increasing with negative sentiment. I find evidence of a negative North‐South bias during the European debt crisis and United Kingdom‐Europe divergence amid Brexit. Share price reactions to recommendations by more biased analysts are weaker, and more biased recommendations are worse predictors of monthly stock returns. More positively biased analysts also assign higher target prices.

Equity analysts' recommendation revisions and corporate bond price reactions

This paper analyzes bond price reactions to examine the information spillover from equity analysts' recommendation revisions into the bond market. We document a positive relation between bond price reactions and recommendation revisions. On average, bond prices react positively to recommendation upgrades and negatively to recommendation downgrades. The strongest reactions are observed among speculative-grade bonds. While, on average, bond price movements are in the same direction as analysts' recommendation revisions, these revisions can also lead to bond price reactions in the opposite direction to share price reactions. We find evidence of negative bond return reactions relative to share price reactions among firms that are closer to distress, especially when they have high levels of institutional ownership or discretionary accruals. The negative relative price reaction between shares and bonds indicates that equity analyst recommendations sometimes carry security-specific information.

Share Price Reaction to Sales Contract Announcement

본 연구는 단일판매공급계약 공시 전후 주가 반응을 사건연구 방법론을 통해 분석하고, 내부자거래의 행태를 확인해 내부자정보를 이용한 불공정거래 행위가 발생하는지 확인하였다. 시장모형으로 조정한 누적비정상수익률평균은 공시일 혹은 공시 다음 날 최고를 기록한 후 가격이 하락하는 것으로 나타나 과잉반응이 나타나는 것으로 확인되었다. 반면 공시일 이전에 주가가 비정상적으로 상승한 통계적 증거는 발견하지 못하였다. 이는 적어도 공시일 이전에 주가를 비정상적으로 올릴 정도의 정보 누출과 비정상적 거래가 있었던 것은 아닌 것으로 보인다. 내부자들의 거래 행태 변화를 확인한 결과 공시일 이전과 이후에 통계적으로 유의한 순매수 증가는 확인되지 않았다. 끝으로 단일판매공급계약 공시에서 확인된 주가 과잉반응은 기업의 ESG활동이 강할수록 약하게 나타나는 것으로 확인되었고 이는 정보비대칭성 문제의 완화에 따른 결과로 보인다. 본 연구는 주가에 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 보이는 기업의 단일판매공급계약 공시를 이용해 공시일 전후의 주가 흐름과 내부자의 거래행태를 확인해 주식시장에서 공정성이 유지되고 있는가를 확인하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

Share price reactions to tariff imposition announcements in the Trump era – An event study of the trade conflict

Employing a unique sample of 2,849 tariff imposition announcements by and against the United States (U.S.) over the period from 2018 to 2019, this study analyzes the impact of recent tariff announcements on share prices from 859 U.S. companies. We provide evidence for negative (cumulative) average abnormal stock returns due to tariff announcements during a symmetric three-day event window. We suggest that stock market investors expect adverse impacts of tariff impositions, e.g. a decrease in the companies' future cash flows and a threat of retaliation. The negative wealth effects are observed irrespective of whether the Trump administration announces safeguard tariffs to protect domestic firms or a retaliation is declared by foreign countries. Moreover, building several subsamples, we find that the adverse impact is mostly driven by announcements involving China and is associated with a variety of sector, tariff, trade and firm characteristics.

Intra-Industry Information Transfers and Firm Value: Evidence From Ghana’s Banking Industry

The purpose of this study is to estimate the economic value of intra-industry information transfers within Ghana’s banking industry due to the collapse of seven banks. This is a short-term study with an event window [−10, +10] and an estimation period of 200 trading days. The event study methodology is adopted to estimate the cumulative abnormal return (CAR) gained by other rival industry banks as well as to calculate the cumulative average abnormal return (CAAR) for the entire Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE). The results of the study show that the collapse of the seven banks does convey information that the market uses in revising stock prices. However, most of the rival banks experienced an insignificant share price reaction. This insignificant reaction can be attributed to the fact that GSE is not efficient. The study recommended among others, for the GSE to be reformed to improve the efficiency of the market and secure the flow of information to market participants.

The influence of the media over company market value: an exploration of share price reactions to corporate social responsibility news

The influence of the media over company market value: an exploration of share price reactions to corporate social responsibility news

Corporate Social Responsibility, Foreign Direct Investment, and Shareholder Value

We investigate the impact CSR on the shareholder wealth effects of FDI announcements during 2003-2014 using a sample of 2,488 firms from 48 home countries investing into 121 host countries. We find that firms with superior CSR performance do not experience a significant stock market reaction to FDI announcements. Hence, we do not find empirical support for either the stakeholder value maximization view or the shareholder expense view of CSR. We propose explanations for the lack of a significant share price reaction.

Behaviour of Share Prices Around Ex-Split Day of Stock Splits in India

Stock split is a corporate decision in which company divides face value of the equity share into more than one unit. Theoretically stock splits should not have any effect on share prices and stock returns. The present study has attempted to examine the behaviour of share prices around the ex-split day of the stock splits announcement. This effect of stock splits announcements on the share prices is studied by analysing the behaviour of abnormal returns around stock splits of 304 companies listed on BSE, during the period 1999 to 2018. The analysis stresses on finding whether stock splits have an impact on share prices. This impact of stock splits is studied using abnormal returns. The event study is a methodology used to study share price behaviour around specific events and share price reaction to such events as stated by Binder (1998). This effect has been analysed around the event - ex-split day. To test the impact of stock splits - AAR (Average Abnormal Returns) and ACAR (Average Cumulative Abnormal Returns) are computed. The presence of positive AARs with significant Zs -values on t-1 day in pre- ex-split day window implies that informed traders anticipating a price increase on ex-split day buy shares before the ex-split day to make fast profit. In post-ex-split day window positive AARs with significant Zs-values are present on t+1 day probably because of lower share prices after ex-split day. The AARs are negative with significant Zs -values in post event window till t+17 . It implies that in the Indian stock market there is presence of significant negative wealth effect in post ex-split day window not in line with findings of Angel (1997) and Schultz (2000). ACARs are negative and continuously decreasing throughout the event window. The statistical significance of ACARs is tested using Z-statistic. The ACAR do not have significant Z-value in the event window. Significant abnormal returns were found to be present around the ex-split day though for a very short duration of time. The current study suggests that the investors while planning their investment or trading portfolio, must decide a time horizon for a stake in shares subjected to split, so that they take advantage of the fact that share prices do not adjust fully in proportion to split ratio immediately on and after ex-split day. The benefit must be availed quickly since the impact of stock splits is found to be present for a short time duration.

Naming and Shaming: Evidence from Event Studies

A firm’s ‘reputation’ reflects the expectations of its partners of the benefits of trading with it in the future. An announcement by a regulator that a firm has engaged in misconduct may be expected to impact negatively on trading parties’ (i.e. consumers or investors) expectations for a firm’s future performance, and hence on its market value. How can we identify reputational losses from share price reactions? How large are these losses for different type of misconducts? The chapter seeks to answer the above questions in the light of recent empirical evidence and draws implications for regulatory enforcement policy.

SHARE PRICE REACTION TO CASH DIVIDEND ANNOUNCEMENT: AN EVENT STUDY OF LISTED FIRMS IN KENYA

This study aimed to establish the effect of cash dividend announcement on share price reaction of the firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). This study used Event Study methodology with purely secondary drawn data from 24 firms listed on the NSE who meet the study threshold with an event window of eleven (11) days during the year 2008-2013. The study adopted the descriptive research design and sampling de-sign being purposive. STATA version SE12 was used to produce a descriptive analysis. The findings indicate that the share price reaction to dividend announcement is posi-tive for a dividend increase and negative for dividend decrease and constant for the constant dividend. The study therefore recommends that the effect of the dividend on the firm’s share price is very crucial for not only the literature but also for the regula-tion and supervision of the capital market and that further development of accounting standards, increased auditing skills, and advances in investor education will likely make dividends even more important in the future. Following these findings, it would be useful to also consider the following directions for future research on whether there is any joint effect of cash dividend, bonus issues, and right issues on the share price of firms listed on NSE.