Share Of Agricultural Sector Research Articles

Irrigation Investment and Agricultural Efficiency

The main scope of the paper is to make an empirical analysis regarding the relationship between irrigation and efficiency in agriculture sector, the use of water in irrigation and the share of agriculture sector in GDP related to European and world environmental policies, in the frame of water resource management and climate change conditions. We concluded there is a shy relationship between irrigation and agriculture crop. Furthermore, irrigation has no significant effects on GDP. The study is based on data collection using EUROSTAT and Romanian databases. We conclude that water management reform is necessary.

Material and technical base of grain subcomplex of the Republic of Kazakhstan: innovative solutions

The relevance of topic is the role and place of innovation, innovative technological solutions in production of grain in Kazakhstan. The goal – is to identify problems in development of grain subcomplex in the context of economic analysis of the state of machine and tractor facilities and the country's agricultural engineering in general, based on building productivity trends dependence and manufacture of equipment used in agriculture, production costs for growing crops in order to identify the potential of the industry. Calculate annual increase in gross value added from production of agricultural machinery. Determine the share of agricultural sector in the republic's GDP as one of the priority areas of the economy of Kazakhstan. Methods – economic-statistical, abstract-logical, calculation-constructive. Results – the conducted theoretical and analytical studies confirm the presence of unused reserves in the AIC and its grain farming as main export market segment. Conclusions - processes of globalization contribute to increase in innovative activity in AIC, and especially in grain industry. The term "innovations" in modern conditions for assessing the effectiveness of functioning of agro-industrial complex has a new meaning. Innovative scientific projects in many States have acquired the character of priority progressive movement and have received comprehensive support in State program documents. The constraining factor of innovative activity is technological unpreparedness of enterprises, small-scale commodity, low level of mechanized labor. The competitiveness of grain production in the world commodity market depends on State regulation of innovation process in agricultural sector, expansion of engineering and technical service system, and adoption of preventive measures.

Impacts of Green Revolution on cropping pattern in Punjab, India

The present paper analyse the impact of green revolution on the agriculture of Punjab. The Indian state Punjab is famous as the “Granary of India” due to astounding progress in its agriculture after the green revolution of late 1960s. With nearly 83 percent area under agriculture, the share of agriculture sector to the state's SGDP(Gross State Domestic Products) is 22 percent. The successful introduction of green revolution led to many positive and negative changes in the agriculture scenario of Punjab. Along with the agricultural machinery, the net sown area and net irrigated area got amplified. The area under wheat and rice increased sharply after the popularity of HYVs seeds of these crops. Punjab's contribution of wheat and rice to the central pool become commendable due to the high production and high yield per hectare of these crops. Atrend of mono-cropping (wheat and rice) got established in the state of Punjab after the green revolution. The area under other crops reduced drastically which adversely affected the health of the soil of Punjab. The repetitions of wheat and rice resulted into the loss of macro and micro nutrients of the soil. To tackle this problem and to maintain the level of production, the consumption of fertilizers increased at such a level that the state became the largest user of fertilizers in the country.

Оценка факторов, влияющих на налоговые поступления в бюджет регионов

The purpose of this article is to identify and estimation of factors affecting tax revenues to the Russian’s regional budgets. The study identifies the following factors: gross regional product, average wage level, inflation rate, share of unprofitable organizations in the region, employment rate, share of agricultural sector, investment in fixed assets and share of exports. The model includes information on the areas of advanced socio-economic development in the region. The study is based on open data from 83 regions of the Russian Federation from 2010 to 2017, the total of 664 observations. Through the least-squares estimate of a model with fixed effects, a significant impact of the studied parameters is established. Thus, the paper identifies common features for all regions in the context of the analyzed indicators’ impact. The results of this study may be used in forecasting the revenue of regional budgets.

Kajian Sektor Unggulan dan Transformasi Struktur Perekonomian di Kabupaten Sleman DIY

Regional development in Sleman regency based on its regional potential can be seen from leading sector performance in economy structure Sleman regency using Input-Output (1-0) Analysis. 1-0 Analysis used non-survey method with RAS technique. Development with stressing leading sector as forward wisdom anticipation needs a guidance of the available trend from economy structure transformation. The resulting information base on 1-0 Analysis that agriculture sector was the leading sector with surplus level at 8 rank (3,80), leakage level at 5 rank (3,36) and domestic output (Rp. 647.416 millions) higher than demand quantity (Rp. 584,429 millions) indications The forward wisdom must be adjusted with the trend of the economy structure transformation, especially since 1994 the relative share of services sector and manufacture industry more higher than the relative share of agriculture sector. Key words: Regional development. 1-0 tabel, agriculture sector, structure transformation.

Sectoral Growth and Income Inequality in ASEAN-5 Countries: Case of Low-Middle Income Economies

This paper aims to explore the relationship between growth in economic sectors, especially manufacturing, service, and agriculture, towards income inequality. Furthermore, it utilizes panel data for low-middle income ASEAN countries. The result shows that the share of agricultural sector in GDP has a significant and negative relationship with income inequality. In fact, the effect is robust for the incorporation of control variables. Therefore, it underlines the importance of agricultural sector development for reducing inequality and also for fostering ASEAN economic integration.

City Compost – Need to Incentivise use for Sustainable Agricultural Growth

The share of agriculture sector is 15.87% of GDP in India (2018-19). The development of agriculture based product only increases percentage of GDP by using scientific method to recycle its waste product into more productive commodity. Organic farming is well- known for well- being of land fertility and agriculture product. In this context organic fertilizer produced especially from biodegradable solid waste also known as city compost produced

Determinant of Tax Revenue Effort in Sub-Saharan African Countries: A Stochastic Frontier Analysis

The main objective of this paper was empirically examined the trend and its drivers of tax revenue effort in Sub- Saharan African countries using panel data and stochastic frontier analysis techniques inter alia:- random effect, fixed effect, half-normal, exponential-normal, and truncated-normal analysis for a period of 2000 to 2018. The estimation result shows that tax effort is positively and significantly related to openness, Share of agriculture sector, external debt, share of the construction sector, population growth, age dependency, corruption and GDP per capita and negatively and significantly related with a share of the service sector, official development assistance, foreign direct investment, population density, literacy and official exchange rates. In general, depending on the choice of analysis technique, both supply- side factors and demand - side factors are highly affected tax revenue effort and before designing tax policy, therefore, those concerned bodies be going to first determine their tax revenue effort.

Does the Declining Share of Agricultural Output in GDP Indicate Structural Transformation? The Case of Ethiopia

It is not uncommon that different government officials and practitioners infer the fallingagricultural share in GDP to the underpinning of structural transformation in an economy. By using variousstudies result and a time series of data spanning from 1981 up to 2017, this paper investigated, whetherthe declining share of agricultural output in GDP is indicating structural transformation or not in Ethiopianeconomy. The study showed that the service is the fastest-growing sector in Ethiopia, and it covers morethan 40% of GDP. The share of agriculture sector was 45% of GDP until 2011, while the industry sector hasbeen stagnating. Thus, it shows how the falling share of the agriculture sector in GDP is being supersededby the service sector. Empirical works also reveal that even though the share of the agricultural sector inGDP is falling, it is the primary source for the overall economic growth of Ethiopia. The share of the ruralpopulation has decreased from 89 percent in 1981 to 80% in the year 2017. So the vast population of thecountry is living in rural areas where agricultural-based activities are common. Lack of labor shift from theagricultural sector to the industrial sector can also be attributed to the insufficient expansion of themodern industrial sector to absorb the growing force labor. Furth more, the demographic transition alsoshowed a relative decline. Since structural transformation involves several interrelated processes, thedeclining share of agriculture output to GDP alone cannot explain the prevalence of structural change; theother processes like; industrialization, urbanization, and demographic transition need to be scrutinized

Farmers Suicide in India: Issues, Challenges and Remedies

The purpose of the study is to examine why Farmers suicide is a burning issue in India. Farmers are life savers then why they are killing themselves. Is there any nexus between farmers’ suicide and government actions. Agriculture sector data like GDP for 1960–2016, Share of agriculture sector to GDP and disparities in Agriculture and Non agriculture income also agriculture census data from 1951 to 2011 were obtained. Study depicts about what NSSO and NCRB data says about farmers’ distress in India. Doubling farmers’ income by 2022–23 could become the only panacea for thwarting farmers’ suicide in India comparison of agricultural income with non agricultural income also another area of study. In this way farmers suicide issues challenges and remedies has been discussed.

The Causal Linkage Between Agriculture, Industry and Service Sectors in Ethiopian Economy

Investigation of structural relationships among the sectors becomes important from the policy angle. A clear perspective on the intersectoral linkage could be useful in formulating a favorable and appropriate development strategy. This study analyzed the intersectoral linkages in Ethiopian economy using a time series data ranging from 1975 to 2017. The study employed Johanson co-integration test, vector error correction model, granger causality test, impulse response and variance decomposition functions. The study found a stable long run relationship among agricultural, industrial and service sectors of the economy. Only industrial sector is found as endogenous to the system implying long-run causality runs form agricultural and service sectors to industrial sector. According to short run granger causality results, there is bi-directional causality between industrial and agricultural sectors, and between industrial and service sectors. The results of Impulse response and Variance decomposition functions suggest that the agricultural sector development plays a role in determining the growth of the economy via its linkages to the rest sectors of the economy. Therefore, development strategies such as, Agricultural Development Led Industrialization (ADLI) of Ethiopia, if properly implemented can play an encouraging role by reassuring the agricultural sector, so that the industrial sector would be promoted. In addition the percentage share of agricultural sector to GDP has been declining over the study period. However, this doesn’t indicate that the role of agricultural sector is falling. The analysis of intersectoral linkages identified agricultural sector as the principal economic activity that controls most economic activities in Ethiopian economy.

Ocena zmian liczby pracujących na obszarach wiejskich województwa mazowieckiego

Celem opracowania była ocena zmian liczby pracujących na obszarach wiejskich województwa mazowieckiego. Wykorzystując metodę przesunięć udziałów, dokonano dekompozycji tempa zmian liczby pracujących w poszczególnych powiatach na efekty strukturalne i konkurencyjne. Analiza dotyczyła lat 2006–2016. Stwierdzono, że wzrost liczby pracujących w większości powiatów województwa mazowieckiego to przede wszystkim efekt poprawy konkurencyjności gospodarki lokalnej. W jednostkach charakteryzujących się dużym udziałem sektora rolniczego w strukturze pracujących tempo zmian było relatywnie małe.

BUDGETARY EXPENDITURES ON AGRICULTURE, AGRICULTURAL MA RKETS, RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND ASI F IN THE CONDITIONS OF CHANGING OPTIONS IN POLAND'S ECONOMIC POLICY

The aim of the article was to indicate expenditure on ASI F in relation to changes that took place in the agricultural budget of Poland after 2016, under the influence of the new option in the national economic policy, as well as the long term position of ASI F. As a first step, the theoretical reasons and impact of the change in economic policy options were discussed, followed by an analysis of the level and share of agricultural sector expenditure in the total budget and in GDP , in order to focus in turn more closely on social issues related to the agricultural sector through the prism of ASI F spending. It was pointed out that the share of budget expenditure on ASI F in the total budget expenditure of the state in the long run is gradually decreasing. Nevertheless, it is observed that the level of budget expenditure on ASI F is stabilizing at a level close to PLN 18 billion per year in nominal terms, while the need to maintain the existing services, both in terms of level and scale, remains undisputed.

Efficiency in Value Added Tax in Sub-National Governments in India: An Empirical Analysis

The present study attempts to analyse whether the VAT efficiency has improved after its implementation. Further, we examine the major determinants of VAT efficiency for 17 non-special category Indian states for the period 2000-01 to 2014-15. Using random effect model (as suggested by Hausman test), the urbanization ratio, billing and collection efficiency, bank credit ratio and share of agriculture sector are found to have a favourable effect on VAT efficiency while the share of the unregistered manufacturing sector and share of services sector have an adverse impact on VAT efficiency. Besides, the study also reveals that tax efficiency has come down in the aftermath of the implementation of the VAT in India. As regards policy implication, initiatives by the government for the high level of urbanization, raising billing and collection efficiency, providing more bank credit and encouraging agricultural activities would enhance the VAT efficiency. Since the coefficient of the VAT dummy is negative in the model, the government may revise the existing tax system and adopt a suitable taxation system that solves the problem in the current tax structure.

Structural Convergence Among ASEAN Economies

A successful economic integration is meant to assist the backward member states to catch-up with the more advanced members in terms of development. As a result, the backward member states have their economy shifted from an agriculture-dominant economy towards industrial (with higher labour productivity) and then the service-dominant economy in order to maintain sustainability. With the catching-up in terms of the dominance of production, their economic structure shall become more similar with the more advanced members over time and hence experiencing structural convergence. Therefore, income convergence is expected when these backward member states have their income per capita increased alongside with the structural convergence. Evidences of income convergence within ASEAN are lacking and not much of the studies focused on the convergence in terms of the development stages within ASEAN. Since the dominance of production is always being used to refer to stage of development, therefore this paper would like to investigate on the production structure among ASEAN member states using the Krugman Index. Our results revealed an increasing structural convergence within ASEAN. The newer members of ASEAN namely Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Viet Nam (i.e., CLMV) had been catching-up with the more advanced members in their development. Though, the mining and utilities sector turned to be the sector that impedes further structural convergence for all. On the other hand, big share of agriculture sector among the CLMV countries become their main factor to slow down the structural convergence.

Fostering renewable energy provision from manure in Germany – Where to implement GHG emission reduction incentives

Livestock production makes up a major share of agriculture sector and the manure it produces significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions. One option to lower these emissions significantly is using the manure to produce biogas which is used to generate power. Our model calculations show, that per kWh power from manure-based biogas –about 1.448kg of CO2 eq. of greenhouse gas (GHG) emission can be avoided due to the improved manure management and the substitution of electricity from the grid under actual German conditions. This form of utilization is supported under the German Renewable Energy Act; however, only the minor share of the manure is processed so far. Thus the question arises as to whether instruments in agricultural policy or instruments in energy policy are better to unlock this remaining potential. The elaborated allocation shows, that both sectors cause a comparable amount of GHG emissions reductions, at around 50% each. However, based on expected developments, the relevance of agriculture-related emissions is slated to increase. This leads to the conclusion that implementing instruments in both agricultural and energy policies would make sense.

India’s Services Revolution Amidst Worldwide Structural Change

In the historical development experience of the world as a whole, there is an obvious kink around 1970s, i.e., the brief period around which the capitalist development has changed its course from industrialization to ‘tertiarisation’. The problem with India (and several other developing countries) is that in its historical development, share of industrial sector in Value Added has never reached 30 percent mark, but fall in the share of agricultural sector has almost solely been compensated by the rise in the service sector share; since the mid 1990s, the growth of India has been by the service sector alone. World Bank (Sustaining India’s Services Revolution, Report on the South Asia Region: India 2004) calls this scenario ‘India’s Services Revolution’. It seems that India has skipped the phase of industrialization to enter into the phase of ‘tertiarisation’. Naturally this ‘ahistorical’ development process followed by India has drawn the attention of the economists worldwide and many of them have identified India to be the ‘outlier’ in this regard. Here, in the context of ‘Globalisation’, we will try to evaluate critically, whether the course of development of India is an ‘outlier’ or ‘ahistorical’ path. Further, the obvious task that follows is the analysis of this ‘ahistorical’ development of India following the basic Input-Output framework for the explanation of the structural change of Indian economy.

DINAMIKA TENAGA KERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

This study aims to determine the dynamics of agricultural labor force of North Sulawesi Province. Re-search location in Manado (July to August 2010). Collecting data is secondary data research. The data were processed using the calculation of share of labor and labor force growth rate calculations. The re-sults showed employment growth rate of agriculture sector decreased by 5.78 percent per annum in the period of 2000-2009. While employment in non-agricultural sector increased by 1.78 percent each year. This indicates there is the tendency of structural transformation of agriculture labor to non-agricultural sector. Low tendency of Trade will be able to influence farmers to reduce or stop activities that agribusi-ness will affect the size of the agricultural labor share. Labor share of agriculture sector on the basis of education level is dominated by the level of primary education during the period 2007-2009 but its labor force growth rate has decreased each year in both rural and urban areas. Labor share of the agricultur-al sector based on the age group was dominated by the age of 55 years and above over the 2007-2009 period and is indicated by increasing the growth rate of labor force in rural and urban areas especially in urban areas despite a decline each year that tend to occur due to an increased energy agricultural labor in rural areas. Labor share of agriculture sector by district / city dominated by Bolaang Mongon-dow during the period 2007-2009, although rates of employment growth in agriculture sector has de-creased each year in both rural and urban areas. Labor share of agriculture sector based on the out-pouring of work hours was dominated by workers who work full (>35 hours) during the period 2007-2009 despite the decline in employment growth rates in both rural and urban areas each year.Keywords: Dynamics of Agricultural Labor Force, Structural Transformation, Labor Share

Livestock Value Chains: Prospects, Challenges and Policy Implications for Eastern India

Livestock Value Chains: Prospects, Challenges and Policy Implications for Eastern India

DINAMIKA TENAGA KERJA SEKTOR PERTANIAN DI PROVINSI SULAWESI UTARA

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the employment dynamics of agricultural sector in North Sulawesi Province. The research was conducted in Manado (July to August 2010, by using the collecting data as a secondary data research. The data was analyzed using labor share and labor force growth rate. The result showed that labor share of agriculture sector on the basis of education level was dominated by the level of primary education during the period 2007-2009 but its labor force growth rate had decreased each year in both rural and urban areas. On the age group was dominated by the age of 55 years and above. The employment growth rate of agriculture sector was decreased by 5.78 percent each year in the period of 2000-2009. While the fenomena employment in non-agricultural sector was increased by 1.78 percent each year. This result indicated that there was tendency of structural transformation of agriculture sector to non-agricultural sector. The low tendency of trade will be able to influence farmers to reduce or to stop the agribusiness activities that will affect the size of the agiculture labor force share. Keywords: Employment Dynamics of Agricultural Sector