Share Of Total Production Research Articles

Selected aspects of generating short-term electricity demand forecasts, taking into account renewable energy sources

The risk of a decline in the quality of electricity demand forecasts in the short term increases due to the increase in the installed capacity of renewable energy sources (RES). This is mainly due to the high daily variability of electricity production from renewable sources, which is strongly dependent on local weather conditions. Production from renewable energy sources is a very complex time series, additionally reinforced by a significant increase in its share in total production. This applies in particular to photovoltaic sources in low-voltage networks. There is therefore an urgent need to improve the quality of forecasts in this area. The main goal of the research was to verify statistical models that often achieve good results in the complex problem of forecasting electricity demand. The main objective, regarding daily forecasts of consumers' demand for electricity, was achieved through the implementation of intermediate objectives, including the development of a methodology for estimating electricity generated by photovoltaic installations.

Организационно-экономические аспекты использования тракторов индийского производства в хозяйствующих субъектах России

The study presents the main manufacturers of agricultural machinery and tractors in India, their share in total production, dynamics in recent years. The production of tractors in India over the past 70 years has been analyzed. It is mainly focused on the production of tractors with an engine power of up to 50 hp. Indian-made tractors that have appeared on the Russian market have a rather high energy saturation, which will allow using ballast weights to obtain satisfactory traction properties and high performance properties. When determining the economic efficiency of using tractors, it was revealed that the Indian-made Solis 90 tractor is practically not inferior to Chinese-made tractors, and surpasses them in a number of parameters.

Фермерские хозяйства: актуальные проблемы эффективного функционирования

Since 2006, an analysis of the activities of peasant (farmer) farms has been carried out, among which there is a fairly wide spread in both the provision of land and labor resources, as well as their material and technical equipment. Today there is no systematic analysis of the organizational structure and conditions of functioning of farms in general and in some subjects of the Russian Federation, which create the illusion of successful development of all Russian farming. Despite the numerical superiority of small farms, their share in total production remains insignificant. Only large and super-large farms show sufficiently high economic efficiency. The article examines the reasons for the low efficiency of small farms, and also shows ways to increase their profitability.

INVESTIGATION OF THE USAGE OF ALTERNATIVE NEW GENERATION ECO-FRIENDLY FIBER BLENDS IN SYNTHETIC BASED DENIM FABRICS

Polyester yarn is made from post-consumer waste such as bottles, fabrics, etc., in the composition of polyester ethylene terephthalate (PET). Polyester (mainly polyethylene terephthalate, PET) is the most commonly employed textile fibre with over 50% share in total production of textile fibres. Pla is a biobased and biodegradable polymer produced from renewable resources. PLA is also a thermoplastic aliphatic compostable polyester. In this study, 75% Cotton - 25% PLA, 75% Lyocell - 25% PLA and 75% Cotton - 25% PET blended yarns were produced as rigid, corespun and dualcore in the ring spinning system .The fabrics were weaved with produced yarn. In the finishing processes, some of the fabrics were treated with caustic and some of the fabrics were only washed. Fabrics containing PLA and PET were compared with each other. Fabrics containing PLA and PET fiber were evaluated in terms of strength, elasticity, abrasion and pilling performances. Although the weft tensile and tear properties of Cotton-PLA blended fabrics are lower than Lyocell-PLA and Cotton-PET blends, it has been indicated that PLA blended yarns can be used as an alternative to PET based yarns and fabrics.

Green electricity generation from biogas of cattle manure: An assessment of potential and feasibility in Pakistan

In several countries, organic or municipal solid wastes, such as cattle and buffalo manure, have become a serious political and environmental issue owing to organic waste incineration and garbage disposal. To overcome this problem, biogas production from manure, a green treatment that both contributes to the availability of sustainable energy and assists in reducing global warming, was considered. The current study was conducted on the generation of green electricity using cattle and buffalo manure in Pakistan. In 2021, Pakistan has generated 102.742-terawatt hour (TWh) of electricity collectively; biogas share in total production accounted for only 0.98%, which is approximately 1 TWh. Unfortunately, most of the electricity was generated from nonrenewable energy sources. One large animal produces 9–10 kg of manure per day. A system for manure collection can be developed; 30% of total manure produced every day by cattle and buffalo can be collected. Such a type of system is already used for the collection of poultry manure. Pakistan has been blessed with almost 42.4 million buffaloes and 51.5 million cattle. The annual collection of manure from cattle and buffalo at the rate of 30% will be 92.53 million tons. From this manure, approximately 4.63 billion m3 of biogas can be produced and 70% can be collected, which will be 3.24 billion m3. Thus, Pakistan has the potential of generating 19.79 TWh of electricity per day from cattle and buffalo manure. Biogas has the potential to generate over 20% of Pakistan’s total electricity. At the farm level, 100 cattle ranches with 60% collected manure can create roughly 57% of their total consumed electricity. Slurry, a byproduct of anaerobic digestion, can be used as a biofertilizer in fields. It is possible to use cattle manure to make biogas, which is “made by fermentation of organic waste in the absence of oxygen.” It aids in the reduction of fossil fuel dependency, solid waste management, and air pollution control by lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Biogas contributes to the three pillars of sustainable development: economic, environmental, and social development. Biogas contributes significantly to the SDGs and other aspects of sustainable development.

​Effect of Moisture Regimes, FYM and Levels of Phosphorus Carriers on Growth, Yield Attributes and Yield by Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Background: Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) ranks fourth in terms of worldwide production. The states of Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal, Bihar and Gujarat accounted for more than 80 per cent share in total production; India ranks second, next to China in global production of potato. Potato crop is extremely sensitive to the deficit or surplus moisture and requires an optimum amount of irrigation at frequent intervals for its proper growth. Phosphorus (P) is an element that is potatoes require in large amounts following Nitrogen and Potassium, P application rates influence on the P efficiency for tuber yield and P uptake. Methods: In field study, total 36 treatment combinations consisting of three moisture regimes as main plot treatment and 12 combinations of two levels of FYM, three levels of P, carriers as sub-plot treatments evaluated in split plot design with three replications using potato variety Kufri pukhraj as test crop. Result: Among different moisture regimes tested, the treatment receiving maintenance of moisture between 100 and 75 per cent availability at 0-30 cm soil depth (W1) gave significantly higher plant height (52.24 cm), number of tubers per plant (6.74), total tuber yield (335.74 q/ha) and haulm yield (16.64 q/ha) during pooled results. Combinations of FYM and levels of P carriers tested, the treatment combinations FYM and application of P @ 180 kg P2O5/ha in the form of MAP(P3S1M1) showed significantly higher plant height (50.04 cm), tuber per plant (6.87), total tuber yield (323.98 q/ha) and haulm yield (17.16 q/ha) gave during pooled results.

Early procedural training increases anesthesiology residents\u2019 clinical production: a comparative pre-post study of the payoff in clinical training

BackgroundCompetency-based education has been shown to enhance clinical skills, improve patient care, and reduce number of complications resulting in a better return on investments. Residents constitute an important workforce at many hospitals. Yet, the effect of training on residents’ contribution to production in patient care is scarcely studied. This study evaluated the effects of early competency-based procedural training on residents’ contribution to patient care in central venous catheterization and spinal and epidural anesthesia.MethodsThe design was a non-randomized cohort study of first-year anesthesiology residents. The intervention group received additional early focused skills training while three control groups received traditional competency-based education. The residents’ contributions to patient care were compared between the intervention group (n = 20), a historical control group (n = 19), and between a contemporary control group (n = 7) and a historical control group (n = 7) from different departments. The residents’ vs specialists’ procedural production share was compared between years within each study group. We calculated specialist time saved compared to the time spent providing additional skills training in the intervention group.ResultsWe found statistically significant increases in residents’ vs specialists’ share of total production after the intervention for epidural anesthesia: 2015: 0.51 (0.23, 0.70) to 2017: 0.94 (0.78, 1.05), p = 0.011 and central venous catheterization: 2015: 0.30 (0.23, 0.36) to 2016: 0.46 (0.35, 0.55), p = .008; and to 2017: 0.64 (0.50, 0.79), p = 0.008.Comparison between residents and specialists on production of the three procedures before and after the intervention showed a surplus of 21 h of freed specialist time per year.ConclusionsEarly procedural training results in more productive residents and freed specialist time for additional supervision, other clinical tasks or research. This provides empirical support for a positive correlation between early focused training and increased independent production among residents.

OPTIMIZATION OF THE COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF BAKERY PRODUCTS

The article is devoted to the study of the properties of bakery products, in particular the choice of the optimal concentration of flaxseed cake in baguettes in order to ensure maximum caloric content. It is known that bakery products are necessary for a person to ensure his health and ability to work. The range of food products, in particular bakery products, is constantly growing. The analysis of the range of bakery products showed that the market is experiencing a shortage of flour products for dietary, therapeutic and prophylactic and special purposes for different groups, and their share in total production does not exceed 1-2%. The problem of food production is becoming more complicated and exacerbated by increasing consumption, declining natural resources of food raw materials and the presence of specific anti-nutrients. The article describes the characteristics of anticancer substances in food, which belong to the groups of hytosterols and lignans. The article presents the results of optimizing the composition and properties of wheat baguettes with the addition of linencake, flaxseed meal. The recipe of bread with the inclusion of linen cake in the amount of 1 to 15% was developed. The nutritionalvalue and caloric content of bread are calculated, its characteristics are given according to the main organoleptic indicators of quality (product surface, color and thickness of the crust, as well as the condition of the crumb). The effect of the percentage of flaxseedmeal on the moisture and acidity of bread samples was studied. It is established that with the increase of the content of flaxseed mealthe protein content increases, the carbohydrate content decreases, the fat content and the amount of unsaturated fatty acids increase.As the content of linen cake in bread increases, the amount of unsaturated fatty acids increases and its caloric content decreases, andits nutritional value increases. The use of flax seeds and products of their processing in the formulation of bakery and confectionery products can increase their biological value and physiological efficiency due to the content of anticancer substances, fibers, micro- and microelements, proteins and essential amino acids. Trial laboratory baking of baguettes showed that the optimal content of linen cake is 5% by weight of wheat flour, which allows you to get bread that meets the standards and does not require changes in technological parameters, which are set for the product without additives.

Економічні аспекти виробництва і споживання гречки в Україні

Економічні аспекти виробництва і споживання гречки в Україні

Türkiye Su Ürünleri Dış Ticaret Eğilimleri

Türkiye‘nin toplam su ürünleri üretimi son yıllarda az da olsa giderek azalmaktadır. Bu azalış avcılıktan kaynaklanmaktadır. Avcılığın tersine yetiştiricilik üretimi ise giderek hızla artmaktadır. Toplam su ürünleri üretiminin yaklaşık 1/5‘i ihracata konu olurken, su ürünleri dış ticaret hacmi, miktar ve değer olarak giderek hızla artmaktadır. Tarımdaki gelişimin aksine, su ürünleri dış ticaret dengesi, ihracattaki hızlı artışa paralel olarak giderek artan bir şekilde fazla vermektedir. Bu miktar 2016 yılında yaklaşık 610 milyon $‘a ulaşmıştır. Su ürünleri ihracatının kaynağını büyük ölçüde yetiştiricilik oluşturmaktadır. İhracat değeri içerisinde levrek (%24), çipura (%21) ve alabalık (%13) başta gelen türlerdir. İhracat pazarları arasında, %65‘lik payı ile AB ülkeleri başta gelirken, AB‘ni %6,6 ile Japonya, %5,9 ile Rusya, %3,9 ile Lübnan, %3,5 ile ABD izlemektedir. Türkiye‘nin su ürünleri dış pazarlamasındaki en büyük sorunu; uluslararası normlara uygun satış ve işlemedeki eksikliklerdir. Nitekim ihracatın yaklaşık %55‘ini taze ya da soğutulmuş balıklar oluştururken, %25‘ini balık filetoları ve %9‘unu dondurulmuş şeklindeki işlenmiş balıkların oluşturduğu gözlenmektedir. Öte yandan, özellikle son yıllarda yetiştiricilikte yem fiyatlarından dolayı yaşanan olumsuzluklar avcılık stoklarını, dolayısıyla dış ticareti de etkilemektedir. Nitekim toplam üretim içinde %49‘luk paya sahip olan hamsilerin yaklaşık yarısı, çaça balıklarının ise neredeyse tamamı balık unu ve yağı için kullanıldığından herbivor ve omnivor türlerin yetiştiriciliği gündeme gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada daha çok istatistiksel kaynaklardan sağlanan ikincil veriler ve bu konuda yapılmış çalışma sonuçlarından yararlanılmıştır. Bu çerçevede su ürünleri üretim ve dış ticaretindeki gelişmeler değerlendirilerek, su ürünleri dış ticaretinde karşılaşılan sorunlar ile bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerinin tartışılması amaçlanmıştır.

Influence of Climate Policy and Market Forces on Coal-fired Power Plants: Evidence on the Dutch market over 2006-2014

Many governments aim to reduce the dependence on coal-fired generation to decrease carbon emissions. At the same time power markets with competition between independently operating power firms have been created which leave the actual decisions concerning electricity production to these firms. This paper analyzes the interaction between climate policies and policies to foster power markets. Using hourly plant-level data on the Dutch power market over 2006-2014, we find that the dispatch of fossil-fuel power plants is strongly influenced by relative fuel prices, despite the existence of several climate policy measures. Coal-fired power plants have become more important in the Dutch market since 2006, not only in share of total production, but also as provider of flexibility. Examining the short-term dispatch decisions and the past volatility in relative fuel prices, the maximum CO2 price which was needed to provide incentives for power producers to dispatch a gas-fired plant instead of a coal-fired plant was 43 euro/ton. We conclude that internalizing the external (CO2) costs by raising the CO2 price is a more appropriate measure than a forced closure of coal-fired power plants to align the principles of a market-based power industry and the wish to implement effective climate-policy measures at relatively low costs.

Evaluation of the Status of Iran’s Scientific Production Concerning “Ramadan Fasting” in the Health Field Using PubMed and the Scopus Databases From Beginning to 2015: A Letter to the Editor

Research and scholarly activities have always attracted the attention of both officials and scholars, as these activities have significant impact on the country’s scientific and economic growth. Experts consider research as the infrastructure of development and describe a successful and progressive society orbiting around scientific elite and competency. A society that its decisions are supported by academic institutions, aims towards development and promotion. Health scientific production is one of the means of improving health systems in each country. The number of articles published in the health field of each country is the index of its health system development and countries are classified according to their ability to produce knowledge. Furthermore, with increase in the number of scientific publications in the field of health, the challenges and solutions will be followed and discussed in this area too. Dissemination and application of knowledge in the field of health has a direct effect on improving researchers, practitioners, and decision-makers in the health sector. Fasting is one of the topics discussed in the medical field and one of the pillars of Islam worship. According to the commands of Islam, Muslims are required to fast during the holy month of Ramadan and do a series of tasks and rituals during this month. Some of these practices entail abstaining from eating and drinking during daylight hours. This hunger and thirst during the day, raises the question that what are the impacts of fasting on human health. One of the most common methods of evaluating scientific activities is scientometrics that was introduced in Russia and grew in eastern European countries, and then all around the world. Publication of articles in scientific journals that is the result of authors and peer review work (before publication) is one of the most important examples of scientific production. Scientometrics that describes research in various scientific communities could be a useful element for policy and research management and allocation of funds and resources in sciences. This research seeks to understand the fact that whether researchers have focused on the effects of fasting on health and how much is the medical scientific production on fasting. The findings could help the Iranian and foreign researchers to understand the shortages of research on fasting in the health field. To collect data, Medline and Scopus databases were used. Medline database is one of the areas of search and retrieval of medical science that is provided by national center for biotechnology information, (NCBI) at the US national library of medicine. For searching, keywords were fasting (Mesh) and Ramadan. Scopus database is one of medical science citation databases. In order to search in the Scopus database “fasting” and “Ramadan” keywords were used. A total of 476 papers were published in the PubMed database regarding these topics. Iran’s share of total production (476 Articles) was 40 articles (4.8%), which would locate Iran in the second place after Turkey with 48 articles. The other published articles belonged to Saudi Arabia (31 articles), Tunisia (30 articles), Morocco (25 articles), the United Kingdom (24 articles), Malaysia (15 articles), Pakistan, the United Arab Emirates and Singapore (14 articles each), Qatar (13 articles), France (9 articles), Egypt (8 articles), and Algeria (6 articles). The Scopus database contained 540 articles in this area. Iran’s share of total production (540 article) was 57 articles (10.5%). Turkey was in the second place with

An auction design for local reserve energy markets

In this paper we develop an auction mechanism that is designed for a local energy market. It aims to enable regionally or virtually restricted trading of ancillary services, which enhances the position of the balance group responsible party beyond that of simple accounting. Furthermore, it makes local market participants somewhat more independent from the transmission grid operator, but at the same time provides incentives for investments in distributed generation technologies. A wider spread of these technologies can help to save CO2 emissions, while at the same time a part of them can also be used to counter the fluctuations of energy from volatile renewable sources, such as wind and solar power. Because of their relatively high margins and small share in total production, ancillary services are well-suited for a remuneration scheme. Participants in the auction are, thus, private households, which impose specific design characteristics on the auction. Most importantly, it needs to be transparent and easy to understand, as homeowners will typically not have the insights of a professional trader as well as lack a similar position and motivation. Also, the confinement to a single balance group, i.e. a local market, means that especially in the beginning of the trading only a small number of bidders can be expected. Therefore, competition will initially be limited, so that the auction design needs to be adapted accordingly. In order to test the performance of the proposed auction market design under varying information policies, a simple agent-based simulation program has been developed. We find that the theoretical predictions hold and that competition quickly leads to price convergence.

Auction Design for Local Reserve Energy Markets

In this paper we develop an auction mechanism that is designed for a local energy market. It aims to enable regionally or virtually restricted trading of ancillary services, which enhances the position of the balance group responsible party beyond that of simple accounting. Furthermore, it makes local market participants somewhat more independent from the transmission grid operator, but at the same time provides incentives for investments in distributed generation technologies. A wider spread of these technologies can help to save CO2 emissions, while at the same time a part of them can also be used to counter the fluctuations of energy from volatile renewable sources, such as wind and solar power. Because of their relatively high margins and small share in total production, ancillary services are well-suited for a remuneration scheme. Participants in the auction are, thus, private households, which imposes specific design characteristics on the auction. Most importantly, it needs to be transparent and easy to understand, as homeowners will typically not have the insights of a professional trader as well as lack a similar position and motivation. Also, the confinement to a single balance group, i.e. a local market, means that especially in the beginning of the trading only a small number of bidders can be expected. Therefore, competition will initially be limited, so that the auction design needs to be adapted accordingly. In order to test the performance of the proposed auction market design under varying information policies, a simple agent-based simulation program has been developed. We find that the theoretical predictions hold and that competition quickly leads to price convergence.

The Role of Producer Organizations in Supply Concentration and Marketing: A Comparison between European Countries in the Fruit and Vegetable Sector

The fruit and vegetable (FV) sector has a relevant and increasing economic value in the EU, accounting for about 20% of the total value of agricultural production; the countries with higher significance are Greece, Spain, and Italy (from 25% to 35%). Nevertheless, producers are negatively affected by structural problems related to the small size of the farms and their inability to concentrate and promote production. In order to improve producers' competitive conditions, the 2007 reform of the Common Market Organization for fruit and vegetables provides measures in favor of growers who are members of Producer Organizations (POs). Still, the evaluation of PO effectiveness is ambiguous. For instance, the value of production marketed by POs as a share of total production of the member states varies considerably across the EU countries. This article carries out a comparative study of the capability of POs to concentrate supply and promote the production of their members in three important producing countries: Italy, Spain, and France. The analysis is based on operational programs prepared by POs to obtain financial aid from the European Commission and considers production value distribution and composition, marketing channels (supermarkets, wholesale, small retail, and processing), and measures provided to support farmers in production, marketing, and the protection of the environment. A descriptive statistics analysis and an empirical regression model are used.

I mercati internazionali dell'energia

- The paper analyzes recent market trends in the oil and natural gas sector. For the latter, a focus on the European gas market is then presented, whose consumption has grown considerably in these last ten years. As for the oil sector this paper investigates the key elements that have shaped its market in these years. As for oil consumption, we show that in these last 15 years China, India and the Middle East are the main responsible for the increase in World consumption. On the other hand, European OECD Countries have consistently reduced (almost 9%) their oil demand. This is due both to the dematerialization of their economy and their significant improvements in energy efficiency. As for energy intensity, in fact, Europe by far is the most efficient region in the World. On the other hand, OPEC has drastically raised its share of total production: at present the cartel accounts for more than 40% of overall production. OPEC members were the only producers to meet World's needs as oil demand expanded. The difficulties of other producers to keep up with the demand originated in the nineties, when no investment in new production capacity was brought about due to low oil prices. In the end of 2008, anyway, recession has eased the situation: for the first time in fifteen years, demand has not grown, compared to 2007 consumption. Recession has also shrunk prices, which, as soon as the demand started decreasing, have collapsed by almost 70%. As for the gas sector, the paper focuses on the European market where, after ten years from the beginning of the liberalization process, competition is still missing. In particular, the paper discusses whether LNG can bring about the competition so desperately needed. Unlike investments in pipelines, those in the LNG chain present a much lower degree of specificity, since the importer is not physically tied with the producer; moreover, it is getting increasingly common that part of the plant capacity is made available for spot transactions. It is also worth mentioning that for the time being LNG seems to represent the sole possibility for new competitors to enter the market according to the lack of capacity on international import pipelines. Long term import take or pay contracts held by gas incumbents play a pre-emption activity on transit pipelines and access can not be granted to third parties. Moreover, LNG could enable traditional European importers to widen their gas suppliers' portfolio, also considering that some producing countries (i.e. stranded gas) can be reached only via sea. Increased possibilities of choice for importers, the widening of the group of exporting countries, and the increased integration of the European market, thanks to the possibility of redirecting cargoes depending on single countries' supply-demand balance, would contribute decisively to security of supply, market globalization and competition in the industry. The paper presents also a cost plus comparison among different LNG supplies and those from new Russian fields, demonstrating that LNG will be even more convenient than those supplies coming from Eastern Siberia. Finally, it is important to highlight that the lack in new liquefaction capacity could undermine the growth of a florid LNG market.Key words: Oil and gas sector, liberalization, LNG.JEL classifications: Q40, Q41, Q43, Q48.Parole chiave: Mercato del petrolio e del gas, liberalizzazione e GNL.

Divergence and dispersion in the Russian economy

While post-war economic development In market economies was characterised by geographical concentration of economic activity, this was not the case in the Soviet Union. Soviet economic development resulted in a highly dispersed economic landscape with mono-industrial towns scattered around the country. One plausible reason for this was low perceived transport costs as seen by Soviet planners. Another reason was that political and not only economic motives governed industrial location (Maurseth, 2001a). In addition to the sheer size of the country, these factors made the Soviet Union one of the most transport-intensive economies in the world. The post-Soviet Russian economic geography faces Russia with important challenges. Production, population and employment patterns are likely to change dramatically. There are at least four reasons for this hypothesis. The first is structural change in the Russian economy. Production patterns in Russia were highly distorted. In the future industrial production, and in particular heavy industry, will represent a smaller share of total production while consumer industry and services will probably experience relatively higher growth rates. The second reason to expect a changing economic geography is that transport costs are likely to increase. While the Soviet Union implicitly subsidised transport heavily, Russia now faces important challenges due to increasing transport prices. The third reason for expecting change is population changes. Recently, migration from the climatically least hospitable areas has been growing. In the future, these trends are likely to continue. Fourth, and partly as a consequence of the above-mentioned factors, market access will probably become more important for location of Russian industry. The Russian economic landscape is therefore likely to become more concentrated in the years to come.

Innovation, Skilled Labour, Technology And Performance In Israeli Industrial Firms

A technology index based on R&D, skilled labour and capital vintage was developed and used to characterise industrial firms by technology level, facilitating the analysis of relationships between technology and economic performance at the firm level. The results show that technology-intensive firms are important players in industrial performance, accounting for a disproportionate share of total production. Compared to other kinds of firms, technology intensive firms are larger, more productive, offer higher average salaries, generate a higher value added and a highcr profit per employee and capital. They also tend to operate in more highly concentrated industries and are more involved in external trade. While down-sized as a group, high-tech firms show net job creation during the 11-year period surveyed.