Shape Behavior Research Articles

Synthesis and characterization of pH-triggered doxorubicin-conjugated polydopamine-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles for in-vitro/in-vivo studies in liver cancer therapy

Polydopamine-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (PDA-coated CF-NPs) were synthesized and characterized for their potential in drug delivery evaluation. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) showed post-coating spherical shape of magnetic PDA NPs. The scattering intensity at zero angle (I(0)) of PDA-coated CF (0.01) had higher scattering intensity than CF-NPs (0.49 × 10-3). PDA increased the flexibility degree of unfolding on Kratky plot shifting from 1.05 to 1.87 at same qRg values. The pair-distance distribution function (P(r)) of PDA-coated CF-NPs indicated a more homogeneous and compact scattering structure. GNOM indicated larger size for CF, while PDA-coated CF (a narrower and taller peak) displayed a more compact and uniform scattering profile. PDA reduced crystallinity size to 2.51 nm with amorphous peaks at 38.12°, 44.28°, and 64.43° degree and infrared spectrum confirmed PDA incorporation onto CF-NPs. PDA-coated CF had 1.5-fold larger pore size and enhanced surface area. CF and PDA-coated CF exhibited “S” shape behavior in Langevin function without hysteresis. The kinetic models suggested Fickian diffusion and sustainable release for the erosion-dominated release of the PDA-coated CF. In vitro, doxorubicin (DOX)-carried PDA-coated CF (D-P@CF) showed low toxicity to HepG2 cells; in vivo, liver tumor inhibition indicated medication delivery potential for cancer treatment.

Behavior problems of preschoolers with Developmental Language Disorder

Objective: Children with developmental language disorder (DLD) are prone to numerous adverse outcomes throughout their lives. The aim of the study was to investigate risk factors and behavior problems in children aged 1.5 to 5 years with DLD in a low/middle-income country. Material and Methods: This case-control study included 101 preschoolers (54 children with DLD and 47 children with typical development (TD)). A developmental pediatrician evaluated each child’s development using the Ages and Stages Questionnaire. Children Behavior Checklist and Beck Depression Inventory were completed by mothers. Socio-demographic information and screen parameters were obtained using a researcher-developed form. Results: Risk factors for DLD were identified as less frequent reading books with parents, consanguineous marriage, and having a family member with language disorders. Preschoolers with DLD had more behavior problems (except sleep and somatic problems) than preschoolers with TD (p<0.050). The risk factors for behavior problems of preschooler with DLD in the multivariable regression model included: ages of parents and children, paternal education, lack of having their own room, and maternal depressive symptoms. Conclusion: Consistent with the findings of this study, consanguineous marriage, family history of language disorders, and infrequent reading of books with parents were associated with the development of DLD. Attention should be given to behavioral problems in preschool children with DLD. Maternal depressive symptoms, lower paternal education, younger father, and lack of having their own room can be highlighted factors for behavior problems of children with DLD. Parents play a crucial role in shaping behavior and language development during the preschool period.

Transnational economic activism and private regulatory power

ABSTRACT Private bodies involved in global regulatory governance shape and monitor economic behaviour. Their regulatory power has greatly increased over the last several decades. Thanks to an impressive apparatus of standard-setting, they have transformed economic activity. The dominance of private bodies in standard-setting has continued despite crises to which they themselves have contributed. Existing literature suggests that the State ‘orchestrates’ private regulatory activity, thereby retaining a high level of control. Yet, this article shows that the opposite has occurred: crises, broadly defined as disruptive events, make private bodies more resilient or generate new transnational ones. The lack of State control has ushered in a new era of private authority. Private bodies use crises as opportunities to reorganize and become more assertive in norm-creation, overriding and substituting State powers. Free from organizational hierarchies, formal accountability structures, scrutiny, pressure, and obligations, private bodies expand their regulatory domain, enhance their collective memory and identity, and grow stronger through crises. Future empirical work on the interaction between public regulatory and supervisory authorities and private rule-makers can make a difference in ensuring that private rule-making serves the public interest.

The effectiveness of STEM-Based Science Teaching Materials in Improving elementary School Students’ Science Literacy

Science capability in Indonesia remains below expectations. Science mastery is limited to knowing the facts without being able to connect them to other, more complicated scientific concepts. Science exists to shape mindsets, behavior, and human character so that they can care for themselves, society, and the universe. In order to understand and solve problems, teaching materials that focus on life situations and global issues are required for implementation. The goal of this study was to assess the impact of STEM-based science teaching materials on students’ scientific literacy. This study employed a quantitative research design with a quasi-experimental research design. The Pretest-Posttest Control Group design was used. In this study, a test was used to measure students’ scientific literacy skills by having them answer pretest and posttest questions given to students in the control and experimental classes. Using STEM-based science teaching materials could increase scientific literacy of students with an N-gain score of 70.55 (high), but students who did not use STEM science teaching materials only had an N-gain score of 52.20 (medium). Based on data analysis, it was discovered that using STEM-based science teaching materials was very helpful in enhancing students’ scientific literacy.

Application of Character Education Values in Citizenship Education Courses

Character education is lifelong education, as a process towards a perfect human being. Value is something abstract and ideal. application of Character Values in Citizenship Education courses to students, because universities have an important role in the process of strengthening character in the souls and individuals of the younger generation on campus. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. A qualitative approach is an approach that aims to describe what is currently in effect by examining the relationship between the implementation of Pancasila values in strengthening national character and data analysis techniques carried out using interactive model data analysis techniques which have three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation. and conclusion. This research was conducted at the Pancasila and Citizenship Education Study Program, Fkip Unpatti. The formulation of the problem in this study is: 1. application of character values through citizenship education courses for even semester students. 2. the obstacles experienced in applying character values to even semester students in the Citizenship Education course. The objectives of this research are 1. application of character values through citizenship education courses for even semester students. 2. the obstacles experienced in applying character values to even semester students in the Citizenship Education course. The results of this study indicate that the application of character education to even semester students of the 2021 class requires character education to shape traits or behaviors that are not in accordance with Pancasila values, so with this the aim of character education is to form a good human person, a good society and good citizens in accordance with Pancasila values. The obstacles experienced in applying character values are related to the obstacles in students in applying character values in Citizenship Education courses that there are no obstacles encountered in citizenship education courses in the recovery process.

Bioinspired hydrogel actuators with multiple and synergistic responses towards a single stimulus

In nature, many living creatures coordinate multiple parts of the body like color, shape or posture in response to external stimulus. This inspires scientists to develop fluorescent hydrogels with stimuli-responsive behaviors for the creation of artificial actuators. However, most reported fluorescent hydrogels need more than two kinds of stimuli to achieve abundant macro changes, which is far from the intelligent and cooperative characteristics of living creatures. Here, we construct a smart fluorescent hydrogel by polymerizing sodium 4-styrenesulfonate (NaSS), (Z)-N-(4-(1-cyano-2-(4-(diethylamino)phenyl)vinyl)-phenyl)methacrylamide (NE) and acrylamide (AM). Under acidic conditions, the gel volume decreases due to the polyelectrolyte effect and acid/base responsiveness of benzenesulfonate groups from NaSS. Meanwhile, the protonation process of N, N-diethylaniline group from NE increases the solubility and breaks the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process. Therefore, a smart fluorescent hydrogel with synergistic shape, color, fluorescence and transparency response behaviors towards a single acid stimulus was successfully constructed. This hydrogel is further made into intelligent actuators with bilayer structures, which provides new insights in the design of biomimetic systems.

Cultural Dynamics and Psychological Perspectives: Unraveling the Human Psyche in South Korea

This article delves into the intricate interplay between cultural dynamics and psychological perspectives within the context of South Korea. Rooted in a rich tapestry of Confucian values, modernization, and global influences, South Korean society undergoes continuous transformations that shape the perceptions and behaviors of its people. The exploration begins by examining the deep-seated Confucian heritage, collectivism, and social hierarchy that influence individual and group psychology. Traditional values, norms, and practices are unveiled as influential factors in shaping psychological attitudes and behaviors, with a particular focus on family-centered values, collectivism, and the unique concept of "han". Modernization, urbanization, and globalization are then analyzed for their role in reshaping traditional cultural dynamics and their implications for mental health and well-being. The narrative shifts towards the effects of technology, media, and exposure to Western values on different generations, resulting in nuanced psychological perspectives. The emergence of a culture of competition, high expectations, and the "exam hell" phenomenon in South Korean society is explored, highlighting the stress, anxiety, and mental health implications that ensue.

The 12 feats of Hercules and their relation to the Emotional Intelligence and the role of ICTs in EI training and development.

This article is about Hercules, a hero from Greek Mythology who is considered to be the greatest of the heroes of ancient Greek mythology the most beloved and glorious throughout the world. He faced the anger of Hera which drove him mad and drove him to murder. To be led to purification, he was forced to serve his cousin Eurystheus and perform 12 labors. His efforts were a journey into the world of emotional intelligence, knowing both himself (self-awareness) and also shaping attitudes, values, and behaviors toward those around him (empathy) to reach self-realization.

The shared parental leave framework: Failing to fit working-class families?

Shared Parental Leave has the potential to tackle a traditional gendered binary of roles within the family, by encouraging more men to care. Such legal provisions can operate to shape behaviour, both in terms of what they permit practically, but also from a normative perspective, conveying ideas around the best way to perform ‘family.’ However, placing particular focus on the latter, we assert that Shared Parental Leave does not speak to working-class parents. We initially consider whether the ‘heteronormative’ family may, in itself, be a middle-class problem, before highlighting the incompatibility of legislative ambitions of ‘equal parenting’ with working-class ways of living. ‘Equal parenting,’ as embodied within the legislation, imposes ideals that sit at odds with working-class people’s attitudes, whilst assuming a two-parent family which is often incongruous with working-class family forms. Ultimately, we favour a more holistic approach towards breaking down ‘heteronormative’ notions of women’s and men’s roles, to enable people to make more meaningful choices about their lives that are not constrained by gender.

The innovation paradox of global work: Does cultural tightness shape or constrain innovative behaviour?

AbstractDrawing on role identity, dynamic constructivism and the norm‐based model of cultural tightness, we examine the innovation paradox of whether and how congruence of home and host culture in tandem with creative role identity not only enhances but also constrains different facets of innovative behaviour for global workers. Results reveal that the effects of loose home employees' cultural tightness congruence on idea generation and idea realization behaviours depend on creative role identity (Study 1), that idea generation may be more salient in loose cultures (Study 2) and that when exposed to an incongruent tight culture, individuals temporarily switch their innovative identity content to fit the alternative cultural frame (Study 3). Our results paint a complex and dynamic picture of cultural exposure and role identity on innovative behaviour. Our results also suggest that cultural considerations and organizational interventions that shape the content of creative role identity may enhance innovative behaviours for global workers.

In the eye of the powerholder: examining the relationship between uniform and accoutrement combinations and police self-legitimacy

ABSTRACT Scholars and police organizations argue that when police officers don a uniform, they imbue a certificate of legitimacy. In our study of 238 police officers, we test the assumption that the police uniform impacts officers’ beliefs about their own legitimacy, and, in turn, their projected behavior when in uniform. We find that, when comparing across various combinations of uniforms and accoutrements, officers in our study tended to prefer their standard uniform as a legitimating device. Moreover, we find that the legitimacy attributed to the standard uniform can impact officers’ willingness to engage in certain behaviors when in uniform, at least for the female officers in our sample. This research supports the important role of officer appearance in shaping police perceptions and behaviors, complementing existing research that examines citizens’ perceptions of police uniforms and accoutrements.

The Importance of the Younger Generation in Combating the Dangers of Juvenile Delinquency

This research explored the pivotal role of the younger generation in addressing the dangers associated with juvenile delinquency. The study examined the multifaceted benefits of involving youth in preventative and intervention strategies to curb delinquent behaviors. Through a comprehensive literature review and analysis, the research highlighted key findings. 1) Early intervention and prevention programs targeting at-risk youth offer a promising approach to disrupting the trajectory of delinquent behaviors. Engaging the younger generation through mentorship, education, and community involvement equips them with essential life skills and values that act as deterrents. 2)The influence of peers and positive role models plays a vital role in shaping behavior. 3) Empowering young individuals to take ownership of change promotes a sense of responsibility and agency. 4) The effective communication methods employed by the youth, such as social media, facilitate the dissemination of anti-delinquency messages. The research emphasized the long-term societal impact of involving the youth. By nurturing responsible, empathetic individuals, society sets the stage for sustained positive change, as engaged youth transition into responsible adults who contribute positively to their communities. Collaborative approaches that involve young individuals in understanding the root causes of delinquency led to more comprehensive solutions. The active involvement of the younger generation through early intervention, positive peer influence, empowerment, effective communication, and community collaboration not only addresses immediate challenges but also shapes a future defined by safer communities and responsible citizenship.

Affection from Packing on Impulsive Buying

Purpose: Buyers may purchase instantly during changing social construct considering the viability of time except for priority purchases. Emotions, desires, and the immediate visual appeal of a product as packaging can leverage these psychological triggers by utilizing captivating colors, typography, imagery, and other design elements that elicit strong emotional responses from consumers. Several theories have justified the high significance of packing influence though under changing social and technical conditions its influence on impulsive buying behaviour is not studied yet in case of super market of eastern Nepal. The research aims to test the significance of packaging design and their impact among eastern Nepal consumers' impulsive purchases of supermarket consumable goods. Design/Methodology/Approach: A structured questionnaire was employed to collect primary information from 222 respondents using convenience sampling. The associative impact of packing on impulsive buying behaviour has been analysed using Regression analysis in SPSS followed by literature validation. Findings/Result: Different packaging elements namely color, product information, shape of the package, packaging material and image was identified and their affection with impulsive buying behavior were tested. The findings of the study conclude color, Package Material and Image does influence impulsive buying behavior of consumer whereas Product Information and Shape does not have similar impact. It also confirms that factors such as age, gender, income, and occupation do not impact the affection between product information, shape, and impulsive buying behavior. Originality/Value: This is the primary experimental exploration in Easter Nepal to think about and assess the Impact of packing Elements on Imprudent Purchasing Conduct. Paper Type: Research paper

Temporal scaling of dopamine neuron firing and dopamine release by distinct ion channels shape behavior.

Dopamine is broadly implicated in reinforcement learning, but how patterns of dopamine activity are generated is poorly resolved. Here, we demonstrate that two ion channels, Kv4.3 and BKCa1.1, regulate the pattern of dopamine neuron firing and dopamine release on different time scales to influence separate phases of reinforced behavior in mice. Inactivation of Kv4.3 in VTA dopamine neurons increases ex vivo pacemaker activity and excitability that is associated with increased in vivo firing rate and ramping dynamics before lever press in a learned instrumental paradigm. Loss of Kv4.3 enhances performance of the learned response and facilitates extinction. In contrast, loss of BKCa1.1 increases burst firing and phasic dopamine release that enhances learning of an instrumental response and enhances extinction burst lever pressing in early extinction that is associated with a greater change in activity between reinforced and unreinforced actions. These data demonstrate that disruption of intrinsic regulators of neuronal activity differentially affects dopamine dynamics during reinforcement and extinction learning.

Exploring travel blogs on tourism and landscape heritage: representations of the Swiss Alps

ABSTRACT Alpine tourism is one of the most popular forms of travel. Despite the prominence of information and communication technology in shaping travel perceptions and behaviour, a research gap has been identified concerning how this phenomenon is represented online. By taking the case of Alpine tourism in Switzerland, in this qualitative research we use a thematic content analysis to investigate themes and narratives about Alpine landscape and tourism in 158 blog posts. Findings show, first, that Alpine tourism representations can be grouped into six themes: Accessible Mountains, Captured Landscapes, Isolated Land, Healing Place, Cultural Discovery, and Natural Heritage. Second, representational narratives that can be ascribed to the Authorised Heritage Discourse appear to coexist with counter-narratives where the purely visual and aesthetic aspects of the Alps are combined with critical, experiential, and cultural elements. Research implications include the role of visual experiences in heritage representation and commodification, and the importance of integrating blogs in mountain tourism destination websites.

How's the boss? Integration of the health-oriented leadership concept into the job demands-resources theory

PurposeHealth-oriented leadership (HoL) encompasses leaders' health behaviors and attitudes toward their followers (StaffCare) and themselves (SelfCare), and there is ample evidence of its positive effects on employee well-being. However, research on the antecedents of StaffCare is still in its infancy and does not account for within-person variability. Therefore, the authors adopt a leader-centered perspective and propose a serial mediation model that links leaders' intrapersonal fluctuations in job resources and demands to StaffCare, mediated by leaders' SelfCare, work engagement and emotional exhaustion.Design/methodology/approachOver five working weeks, 234 school principals responded to a weekly questionnaire, resulting in a total of 956 responses. Multilevel structural equation models were used for analysis.FindingsThe data supported SelfCare as a mechanism in leaders' motivational and health-impairment processes. The proposed serial mediation of the relationship between job resources and StaffCare via leader SelfCare and work engagement was also supported.Practical implicationsThe study can guide job redesign for leaders by highlighting the role of job resources. Investing in interventions aimed at the SelfCare of leaders is likely to have a positive impact on their leadership.Originality/valueThese findings suggest that job characteristics and the leader's well-being shape leader cognitions and behaviors. Therefore, the authors suggest integrating the HoL model into the job demands–resources (JD-R) model for leaders.

“I am feeling blue… and red”: Exploring alternative ways of feeling colours through a wearable haptic artefact

Wearable haptic artefacts are more and more present in our everyday life. They increasingly mediate our perception, transforming the ways in which we interact with ourselves, the environment and others. Wearable haptic artefacts can sense the body and its surroundings, impacting our subjectivity by shaping perceptions, actions, and behaviours. Such ability to influence our senses is helpful in creating engaging multisensory experiences. In my work, I explore the technological mediation between the human body and its surroundings by facilitating new relationships among the senses. This article presents a wearable haptic artefact in the shape of a glove called “I am feeling blue… and red”, which was designed to enable users to experience colour through touch. The goal is to suggest a mode of colour experience and break preconceptions one might have towards the relationship there is between touch and colours. Through an autoethnographic account, the article reflects on the artefact’s design process and user interaction. It proposes strategies for developing unique multisensory experiences using wearable haptic artefacts. These strategies can assist artists and designers who want to create captivating interactions by connecting the senses of sight and touch.

Possible Effects of Playing Video Games With Explicit Violence on Player Aggression

Video games have become the most significant phenomenon of popular culture, and one of the most widespread forms of entertainment in society of the Industrial Revolution 4.0. This prevalence corresponds with profitability, and the video game industry records the highest revenues in the cultural and entertainment industries. Simultaneously, the level of the scientific study of the phenomenon and its impact remains disproportionately small, while moral panic and the banalized and oversimplified accusation of video games for causing violence and evil in people are the dominant social attitude and reaction. That is why the influence of playing violent video games on the development of aggression and violent behavior in individuals has been thoroughly researched. While some studies indicate that gaming has no effect at all, or even a cathartic effect, others claim that playing violent video games is associated with increased aggression and antisocial behavior. The aim of this paper is to examine the effects of explicit violence in video games on the aggressiveness and violence of players of such games. Using various analytical methods, by exploring stereotypes, cultural factors, and the potential negative effects of playing violent video games, this comprehensive analysis challenges the incorrect preconception that video games inherently encourage real-world violence. While acknowledging certain negative effects like the promotion of a culture of competitive militarism and desensitization to violence in the real world, this paper recommends responsible gaming, parental control and guidance, and positive social influence as crucial factor in shaping moral attitudes and behavior.

Attention and neurodevelopment in young children who are HIV-exposed uninfected

ABSTRACT Children HIV-exposed, uninfected (CHEU) are at risk for compromised developmental outcomes. Attention is important for behavioural, cognitive and academic skills, yet has not been thoroughly investigated compared to children HIV-unexposed uninfected (CHUU). Fifty-five CHEU and 51 CHUU children were recruited at 5.5 years of age. Measures of inattention (IA), hyperactivity/impulsivity (HI) and total scores were collected using the parent-reported ADHD-Rating-Scale-IV. Measures of intelligence, visuomotor skills, academics and adaptive functioning were obtained. Analyses of between-group differences were performed as were correlational and multiple regression models, accounting for maternal education, employment and delivery type. Few children met clinical cut-offs for probable ADHD (3.6% CHEU, 2.0% CHUU), and no group differences in measures of IA, HI and combined scores were found. CHEU scored significantly lower than CHUU on intelligence, visuomotor function, academic skills and aspects of adaptive behaviour, though within age expectations. Lower Full-Scale IQ and Processing Speed were associated with higher IA in CHEU and lower adaptive functioning with higher IA in CHUU. Across both groups, children of unemployed mothers had more HI symptoms. CHEU were not at increased risk for attention difficulties at 5.5 years of age. Maternal employment status highlights the contribution of sociodemographic factors in shaping behaviour and neurodevelopment.

‘Not being able to breathe is the end of the world’: a descriptive qualitative study of breathlessness experiences of individuals with heart failure in Turkey

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background Breathlessness is a distressing symptom that is intimately associated with progressively worse heart failure, whether it be in the hospital or community setting. It affects the physical and emotional state of people with heart failure; acute breathlessness episodes are a particular source of stress and anxiety. People tend to initially manage their breathlessness experiences that affect their daily lives in their own way. These self-management strategies differ according to the individuals affected by their characteristics. Cultural values and beliefs shape people's attitudes and behaviours through perceiving and managing symptoms. However, there is no data on the breathlessness experiences and self-management methods of individuals in Turkish culture. Aim To explore (1) individuals’ self-reported breathlessness experiences in heart failure: (2) their breathlessness management strategies based on their previous breathlessness relief motivations: and (3) factors related to their breathlessness experience and self-management strategies. Methods A descriptive qualitative study using semi-structured interviews exploring participants’ breathlessness experiences and self-management strategies. 20 adults with heart failure (11 women and 9 men; median age 56.5 years; age ranges 18-83; median heart failure duration 6.5 years) were recruited in Turkey. Face-to-face (n=11), telephone (n=6) and email (n=3) interviews were conducted, audio-recorded (except for email), transcribed verbatim in Turkish and translated into English. The Symptom Management Conceptual Model (Dodd et al. 2001) provided framework for this study. Braun and Clarke’s (2022) reflective thematic analysis was used to frame the study data. Results Three interconnected themes were identified: (1) Breathlessness experiences, (2) Breathlessness self-management, and (3) Outcomes - reducing breathlessness (Figure 1). These themes highlighted that relieving breathlessness was linked with how breathlessness was experienced and managed. Participants reported their emotional perspectives were influential in their breathlessness, and they tried to cope with it to manage their breathlessness. In particular, the continuity of the self-management strategy was related to the motivation of individuals and their success in breathlessness management. Some factors (person, health/illness, and environment) related to breathlessness experiences and self-management were identified. Conclusion The experience and management of breathlessness vary by individual factors and their effects. To improve motivation for continuing self-management strategies and minimise negative consequences of breathlessness, individual assessment is essential to heart failure management. Current healthcare systems should be oriented to person-led care-based management strategies. This includes individuals' self-assessment and understanding of their skills and self-management strategies regarding their symptoms.Figure 1:Identified themes