Shape Of Column Research Articles

Quantitative analysis of the roles of IRM cell adhesion molecules in column formation in the fly brain.

The Drosophila visual center shows columnar structures, basic structural and functional units of the brain, that are shared with the mammalian cerebral cortex. Visual information received in the ommatidia in the compound eye is transmitted to the columns in the brain. However, the developmental mechanisms of column formation are largely unknown. The Irre Cell Recognition Module (IRM) proteins are a family of immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecules. The four Drosophila IRM proteins are localized to the developing columns, the structure of which is affected in IRM mutants, suggesting that IRM proteins are essential for column formation. Since IRM proteins are cell adhesion molecules, they may regulate cell adhesion between columnar neurons. To test this possibility, we specifically knocked down IRM genes in columnar neurons and examined the defects in column formation. We developed a system that automatically extracts the individual column images and quantifies the column shape. Using this system, we demonstrated that IRM genes play critical roles in regulating column shape in a core columnar neuron, Mi1. We also show that their expression in the other columnar neurons, Mi4 and T4/5, is essential, suggesting that the interactions between IRM proteins and multiple neurons shape the columns in the fly brain.

Keller box analysis for thermal efficiency of magneto time-dependent nanofluid flowing in solar-powered tractor application applying nano-metal shaped factor

This research looks at the generating of entropy in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flowing of a Williamson-nanofluid (W-NF) across an infinite horizontal plate which is located in the solar-powered tractor. The non-linear, homogeneous surface stretching then induces flow. Furthermore, as external sources, the current study includes penetrable material, thermal radiative flux, heat source/sink, viscous dissipative flow, and Ohmic heating characteristics. Using similarity variables, a solution is achieved by transforming controlling PDEs into ODEs. After that, the Keller-box finite-difference technique is used to approximate the solution of diminished ODEs. The findings of two nanofluid tests, copper-engine oil (Cu-EO) and silver-engine oil (Ag-EO), were addressed in this paper. According to the results, a considerable porous medium decreased the Nusselt number while increasing the skin friction coefficient. Furthermore, increasing the Reynolds and Brinkman numbers enhanced the system's total entropy. This study shows that W-NF can improve heat collector performance. The comparative heat transference rate of Cu/Ag-EO is the study's clincher. Cu-EO-based NF is shown to be a good quality thermal conductance than Ag-EO-based NF. Additionally, compared to a sphere, hexahedron, tetrahedron, column shape nanoparticles, lamina has more effect on the function of temperature and entropy.

Stomatal and epidermal characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract. Windarsih G, Riastiwi I, Dewi AP. Yuriyah S. 2022. Stomatal and epidermal characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5373-5386. The stomatal and epidermal characteristics can be used as additional evidence in plant taxonomy activity. The aim of the study was to identify the stomatal and epidermal characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia. The samples used were 11 species of Zingiberaceae in Serang District region. The stomatal and epidermal collection was carried out using the replica technique. Based on the results, all species has brachyparatetracytic type of stomata, on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf. The densities of stomata of all species observed on abaxial were higher than adaxial surface of the leaf. The stomatal density on adaxial surface of leaf between 1.71-4.43 stomata per unit leaf area of 171,602 µm2, while on abaxial 10.46-42.22 stomata per unit leaf area. The stomatal index on adaxial surface is between 1.34-6.97%, while on abaxial 7.54-30.25%. The length of guard cells on adaxial surface is between 30.30-47.85 µm, while on abaxial 29.86-50.68 µm. The width of guard cells on adaxial surface between 18.67-31.73 µm, while on abaxial 19.97-31.95 µm. The adaxial epidermal cells have a column, polygonal, or rectangular shapes, while the abaxial has poligonal or rectangular-shaped epidermal cells. The epidermal cells that are over leaf veins have polygonal or rectangular-shaped cells.

Stomatal and epidermal characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia

Abstract. Windarsih G, Riastiwi I, Dewi AP. Yuriyah S. 2022. Stomatal and epidermal characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5373-5386. The stomatal and epidermal characteristics can be used as additional evidence in plant taxonomy activity. The aim of the study was to identify the stomatal and epidermal characteristics of Zingiberaceae in Serang District, Banten, Indonesia. The samples used were 11 species of Zingiberaceae in Serang District region. The stomatal and epidermal collection was carried out using the replica technique. Based on the results, all species has brachyparatetracytic type of stomata, on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the leaf. The densities of stomata of all species observed on abaxial were higher than adaxial surface of the leaf. The stomatal density on adaxial surface of leaf between 1.71-4.43 stomata per unit leaf area of 171,602 µm2, while on abaxial 10.46-42.22 stomata per unit leaf area. The stomatal index on adaxial surface is between 1.34-6.97%, while on abaxial 7.54-30.25%. The length of guard cells on adaxial surface is between 30.30-47.85 µm, while on abaxial 29.86-50.68 µm. The width of guard cells on adaxial surface between 18.67-31.73 µm, while on abaxial 19.97-31.95 µm. The adaxial epidermal cells have a column, polygonal, or rectangular shapes, while the abaxial has poligonal or rectangular-shaped epidermal cells. The epidermal cells that are over leaf veins have polygonal or rectangular-shaped cells.

Amorphous to Polycrystalline Phase Transition in La2O3 Films Grown on a Silicon Substrate Forming Si‐Doped La2O3 Films

Herein, La2O3 films are fabricated on a Si substrate without a La–Sr intermixing layer at the La2O3/Si interface using a pulsed laser deposition method. X‐ray diffraction data shows only two discernible peaks of the La2O3 films: hexagonal La2O3 (10‐1) and cubic La2O3 (222), indicating polycrystalline character. During film growth, the reflection high‐energy electron diffraction pattern from the La2O3 surface changes from an initial column shape to a complicated distributed dot pattern with narrow lines, suggesting possible structural property changes in the La2O3 film. The occurrence of a structural transition is confirmed by high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), which exhibits a clear crystalline phase change from an initial ≈10 nm thick amorphous La2O3 film to polycrystalline La2O3 film on Si. Rutherford backscattering shows a reduced La–Si intermixing between La2O3 and Si. Furthermore, the results of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy atomic depth profile analysis show that observation of La‐silicate over the whole La2O3 film indicates that Si diffuses through whole thick La2O3 films forming Si‐doped La2O3 films. This study of the well‐defined structural characteristics and sharp interface of La2O3/Si will enable further understanding of high dielectric constant materials grown on Si by the introduction of advanced film growth technique.

Study the Seismic Behavior of Special Columns in Multi-Story (G+4) Building for Seismic Zone III

Abstract: Columns are RC building structural elements that are primarily subjected to axial load and moments as they transport them from the superstructure to the substructure. Columns of various shapes and sizes are used. Popular column shapes include square, rectangular, and circular columns, as well as L-shaped, T-shaped, and (+) shaped columns, which are uncommon but provide more interior space than commonly used column shapes. This study aims to examine the seismic performance of multistory G+4 buildings with Rectangular columns and building with specially shaped columns. According to IS Code 1893(part 1):2016, the proposed buildings are analyzed using equivalent static analysis for zone III in soil condition 3. ETABs are used to analyze the models. After analysis, we conclude that buildings having special columns are safer and have more space as compared to the regular shaped column buildings

Effect of spoiler columns on heat transfer performance of aluminum nitride-based microchannel heat sink

Microchannel heat sinks (MCHSs) are among the most effective solutions for high-power heating elements; aluminium nitride (AlN) is widely used in various heat sinks owing to its high thermal conductivity. The study aims to investigate the effect of the spoiler column shape, number of rows, and position of the inlet/outlet on the temperature and pressure drop of AlN-based microchannel heat sink using a thermal fluid structure coupling simulation. The results showed that the circular spoiler column had the best dredging effect on the eddy current, which greatly improved the local Nusselt number and heat transfer efficiency. The maximum temperature of the heat sink with circular spoiler columns was 6.53 K lower than that without the spoiler column. The average flow velocity and heat transfer efficiency increased with an increase in the number of spoiler columns and the convective heat transfer area. However, the flow resistance and pressure drop between the inlet and outlet raised. When the inlet and outlet were arranged at the centreline, the flow velocity distribution in the heat sink is more uniform, and the maximum temperature was 160.78 K lower than that on the upper side. Heat transfer experiments were carried out by using three kinds of AlN-based microchannel heat sinks, which was machined by the pickling-assisted laser method. The heat transfer experiments showed that the error between simulation results and test data was less than 0.1%.

A novel arc plasma generating method by coaxial hybrid a ring arc to constraint arc: Principle and progress

Controlling of arc pressure in an arcing system is a critical and basic issue for welding application. A novel arcing torch is proposed to improve the controllability, a ring tungsten cathode is coaxial embedded into the water-cooling copper plasma arc nozzle. In the arcing process, the arc current flows into a single arc after it heats the anode and breaks into two branches to earth into the two separated cathodes: the center path works as the ordinary plasma arc and flows into the inner tungsten, the outer bypass free arc surrounds the center arc and flows into the ring tungsten. In this way, a coaxial hybrid arc forms based on a high-density plasma arc and a less-density ring free arc. Serial experiments were done to observe and measure the arc properties, including the arc column shape, arc pressure and anode state. It is observed that the outer arc can be fully absorbed into the inner arc to form a stable single hybrid arc. The hybrid arc properties are related to the two paths of arc current; the outer ring arc current has smaller pressure/current ratio than the central constraint plasma arc current. With such a version torch model, the employing current level of the ring arc is limited and lower than 40A to obtain stable hybrid arc. The results show the proposed arcing torch model is promising to control the output arc pressure with increased accuracy.

Gamma-Glutamylcysteine Production Using Phytochelatin Synthase-Like Enzyme Derived from Nostoc sp. Covalently Immobilized on a Cellulose Carrier.

Gamma-glutamylcysteine (γ-EC) is an intermediate generated in the de novo synthesis of glutathione (GSH). Recent studies have revealed that the administration of γ-EC shows neuroprotective effects against oxidative stress in age-related disorders and chronic diseases like Alzhiemer's disease in model animals, which is not expected function in GSH. A phytochelatin synthase-like enzyme derived from Nostoc sp. (NsPCS) mediates γ-EC synthesis from GSH. To achieve low-cost and stable commercial level supply, the availability of immobilized NsPCS for γ-EC production was investigated in this study. Among the tested immobilization techniques, covalent binding to the cellulose carrier was most effective, and could convert GSH completely to γ-EC without decreasing the yield. The stable conversion of γ-EC from 100 mM GSH was achieved by both batch repeated and continuous reactions using the immobilized NsPCS on cellulose sheet and column shape monolith, respectively. The immobilization of NsPCS on those carriers is promising alternative technique for high-yielding and cost-effective production of γ-EC on its commercial applications.

Study the Behavior of Special Columns on Multi Storey Building for Seismic Ground Motions

ABSTRACT: Columns are RC building structural elements that are primarily subjected to axial load and moments as they transport them from the superstructure to the substructure. Columns of various shapes and sizes are used. Popular column shapes include square, rectangular, and circular columns, as well as L-shaped, T-shaped, and (+) shaped columns, which are uncommon but provide more interior space than commonly used column shapes. This study aims to examine the seismic performance of multistorey G+10 buildings with Rectangular columns and building with specially shaped columns. According to IS Code 1893(part 1):2016, the proposed buildings are analyzed using equivalent static analysis for zone IV. ETABs are used to analyze the models. After analysis, we conclude that buildings having special columns are safer and have more space as compared to the regular shaped column buildings

Axial Compression Performance of Concrete-Filled Steel Tubular Columns with Different D/t Ratios

The impacts of three diameter/thickness (D/t) ratios (21.22, 25.46, and 31.83) and concrete strengths (40 N/mm2, 50 N/mm2, and 60 N/mm2) on the strength capabilities of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns are investigated in this study. The central composite design (CCD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) was used to design the trials in order to complete the tests in a cost-effective manner. 13 (9 distinct tests) columns were evaluated according to the CCD experimental design, and the failure mode of the specimens, load–deformation behavior, and ultimate strength capacity were investigated. Concrete strength improves, resulting in a decrease in steel tube confinement on the core. Because the steel tube longitudinal compressive stress (fsl) increases as the D/t ratio lowers, the confinement is reduced by inhibiting the circumferential tensile stress (fsc). The Reynolds stress model’s, analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pareto chart, and contour plot demonstrated that the column D/t ratio, rather than the in-filled concrete strength, has a considerable impact on the CFST column’s strength capability. The proposed design models in different international codes and literature were evaluated for their effectiveness in predicting the strength capacities of CFST columns subjected to axial compression load. Using regression analysis, a simple design model was suggested to predict the axial strength capacities of CFST short columns, taking into account material strength and column shape. In comparison to other existing and suggested design models, the proposed design model of the present study delivers a more accurate and stable forecast.

Statistical analysis of viscous hybridized nanofluid flowing via Galerkin finite element technique

BackgroundBecause of its industrial applications, heat transmission is critical. A novel nanofluid class known as “hybrid nanofluid” is being employed to improve the heat transfer capacities of regular fluids and has a greater heat exponent than nanofluids. Two-element nanoparticles submerged in a base fluid are involved with the hybrid nanofluids. In this study, the hybrid nanofluid flowing and heat transport properties of a slippery surface are explored. PurposeThe goal of this study is to investigate the steady stream and energy transfer of hybridizing nanoparticles across a surface with radiative impacts. To turn the leading equations into a place of comparable equations, a corresponding conversion is utilized. DesignThe thermal and flow characteristics of Powell-Eyring hybridizing nanofluids (PEHNF) were examined in this study under the influence of unsteadiness, porous material, variable thermal conductivity, thermal radiation, and convective boundary conditions. To evaluate the effectiveness of CNF, two different nanoparticles (Copper (Cu) and Titanium oxide (TiO2) are used, together with engine oil (EO) as a base fluid. The mathematical flow modeling of the nanofluid might be finished using a single-phase model and entropy evaluation. MethodologyTo solve the issue analytically, the COMSOL computing tool employs the Galerkin finite element technique (G-FEM). Tables and graphs demonstrate the results of several identifying, including the local Nusselt number, friction factor coefficients, rapidity, temperature, and entropy. FindingsThe results demonstrate that increasing the Casson parameter decreases the temperature profile, while varying the Biot number, thermal radiative, and variable thermal conductivity parameter has no effect. The flow rapidity is lowered when the highly permeable material factor and volume fractions of nanoparticle are estimated to be bigger. The entropy of the system increases as the volume proportion of nanoparticles, thermal radiation, Powell-Eyring parameter, Biot number, and Reynolds number increase. Lamina form nanoparticles have a greater influence on temperature and entropy functions than sphere, hexahedron, tetrahedron, or column shape nanoparticles. The heat transfer ratio of PEHNF (Cu-TiO2/EO) was much larger than that of standard nanofluids (Cu-EO). OriginalityThe recent research examined the effect of using hybridizing nanofluid in diverse thermal management applications using experimental and simulation analysis. The acquired findings proved the efficacy of nanofluid treatment.

Radiative relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of neutron star column accretion in Cartesian geometry

ABSTRACT High luminosity accretion on to a strongly magnetized neutron star results in a radiation pressure dominated, magnetically confined accretion column. We investigate the dynamics of these columns using 2D radiative relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations, restricting consideration to modest accretion rates where the height of the column is low enough that Cartesian geometry can be employed. The column structure is dynamically maintained through high-frequency oscillations of the accretion shock at ≃ 10–25 kHz. These oscillations arise because it is necessary to redistribute the power released at the accretion shock through bulk vertical motions, both to balance the cooling and to provide vertical pressure support against gravity. Sideways cooling always dominates the loss of internal energy. In addition to the vertical oscillations, photon bubbles form in our simulations and add additional spatial complexity to the column structure. They are not themselves responsible for the oscillations, and they do not appear to affect the oscillation period. However, they enhance the vertical transport of radiation and increase the oscillation amplitude in luminosity. The time-averaged column structure in our simulations resembles the trends in standard 1D stationary models, the main difference being that the time-averaged height of the shock front is lower because of the higher cooling efficiency of the 2D column shape.

Design, Engineering and Experimental Testing of Tubular Glass Columns

This research revolves around the design, fabrication and testing of tubular glass columns, with particular focus on their redundancy and fire-safety mechanisms; moreover, addressing aspects such as: the column shape; cleaning and maintenance; end connections; geometric tolerances in the glass and demountability. Two alternative circular hollow (tube) column designs are initially developed and engineered to address these aspects, namely: the MLA (Multi Layered with Air) and the SLW (Single Layered with water). In both concepts the main load-bearing structure consists of two concentric laminated glass tubes. Thus, in order to explore the manufacturing challenges and structural potential of these concepts, the prototyping and experimental work focuses on six 300 mm long samples with 115 mm outer diameter that are laminated and fitted into customized, engineered steel end-connections. Particular attention in terms of manufacturing is paid to the lamination process and associated bubble formation, the possible fracture of the glass by internal resin-curing stresses and the interface between the glass tube and the steel end-connections. All samples are laminated with Ködistruct LG 2-PU component. Three samples are assembled using DURAN® (annealed) glass and the other three are using DURATAN® (heat-strengthened) glass. Subsequently, the six samples are tested in compression until failure to investigate the behaviour of the interlayer material, the post-fracture behaviour of the designs, the differences between annealed and heat-strengthened samples, the capacity of the glass tubes and the performance of the end connections. Initial cracks appeared between 95-160 kN (compression strength of 30-50 MPa) in the DURAN® samples and between 120-160 kN (compression strength of 37-50 MPa) in the DURATAN® samples. These loads are lower than the ones estimated by calculations; in specific, the first cracks occurred at 34-64% of the calculated load. Nevertheless, the samples are found to be robust, with a considerable load-bearing capacity beyond the first cracks, leading to a maximum nominal compression strength capacity of up to 152 MPa for the DURATAN® samples and up to 233 MPa for the DURAN® samples.

Experimental investigation on short concrete columns laterally strengthened with ferrocement and CFRP

The use of ferrocement in strengthening reinforced concrete (RC) structures has increased recently. Ferrocement has mostly been used to provide extra confinement for RC columns. However, its performance, especially in combination with CFRP confinement has not yet been fully understood. In this study, a total of fifteen columns were experimentally tested to investigate the effects of using ferrocement confinement in strengthening square RC columns. The combination between CFRP and ferrocement in strengthening RC columns has also been investigated. In addition to providing extra confinement, ferrocement is used to modify the shape of square columns to curvilinear shape, which is more effective for confinement. The parameters were (1) the materials used for confinement (ferrocement, CFRP, or both), (2) cross-sectional shape (square, curvilinear, or circular), and (3) the amount of confinement (full vs. partial confinement). The results show that ferrocement is very effective if combined with CFRP. The curvilinear shape provided by ferrocement helps to distribute the lateral stresses and ultimately reduces stress concentration which is usually the cause of failure for columns strengthened with CFRP confinement. The results are analyzed and discussed, and a number of conclusions are presented.

Ultra-Compact Full-Angle-Range Direction-Distinguishable Tilt Sensor Based on Fiber in-Line Polymer Microcavity

We propose an ultra-compact full-angle-range direction-distinguishable tilt sensor based on a polymer column working as a Fabry–Perot (FP) microcavity fixed between two sections of single-mode fibers (SMFs). The directional tilt angle from −90 deg to +90 deg can be demodulated by monitoring the wavelength shift of interference fringe, based on the deformation of the polymer column under the effect of the gravity force. The sensitivity of the sensor can be adjusted by changing the shape and size of the polymer column that is fabricated by the single beam illumination with high efficiency and low cost. The sensor can satisfy the engineering requirements owing to its small size, flexible structure, cost-effective performance, large measurement range, and direction-distinguishable ability.

Using 3D printed formworks for the creation of steel fibre reinforced concrete-plastic columns

A concept of steel fibre reinforced concrete–plastic columns was proved and discussed in the paper. Plastic was playing the role of stay-in-place 3D printed formwork. Seven cross-sections representing different types of shapes of columns (from circular to fractal-based) were created. 3D printed plastic stay-in-place formworks were filled with steel fibre reinforced concrete. After ordinary curing, the specimens were loaded. During the tests load–strain characteristics were recorded. Both the destruction characteristics and the energy dissipated during the loading up to 3.5% strain were of special interest. The achieved results were analysed and discussed. Columns with traditional circular and square cross-section were characterized by sudden destruction of the formworks. Specimens with fractal-based cross-sections were characterized by a very smooth destruction process associated with significant deformations of formworks. All steel fibre reinforced concrete–plastic columns in question were characterized by highly quasi-plastic behaviour. The achieved results proved that it is feasible to replace traditional formwork and ordinary concrete (reinforced by steel bars and stirrups) by much more automatized 3D printing of plastic and steel fibre reinforced concrete based solution. The future aims of the much needed research should cover both large scale column specimens and other structural elements.

Interpretable Machine Learning Algorithms to Predict the Axial Capacity of FRP-Reinforced Concrete Columns.

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) rebars are increasingly being used as an alternative to steel rebars in reinforced concrete (RC) members due to their excellent corrosion resistance capability and enhanced mechanical properties. Extensive research works have been performed in the last two decades to develop predictive models, codes, and guidelines to estimate the axial load-carrying capacity of FRP-RC columns. This study utilizes the power of artificial intelligence and develops an alternative approach to predict the axial capacity of FRP-RC columns more accurately using data-driven machine learning (ML) algorithms. A database of 117 tests of axially loaded FRP-RC columns is collected from the literature. The geometric and material properties, column shape and slenderness ratio, reinforcement details, and FRP types are used as the input variables, while the load-carrying capacity is used as the output response to develop the ML models. Furthermore, the input-output relationship of the ML model is explained through feature importance analysis and the SHapely Additive exPlanations (SHAP) approach. Eight ML models, namely, Kernel Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, Support Vector Machine, Gradient Boosting Machine, Adaptive Boosting, Random Forest, Categorical Gradient Boosting, and Extreme Gradient Boosting, are used in this study for capacity prediction, and their relative performances are compared to identify the best-performing ML model. Finally, predictive equations are proposed using the harmony search optimization and the model interpretations obtained through the SHAP algorithm.

A mathematical framework for evaluation of column shape profiles for an advanced gas-cooled reactor core model subject to seismic excitation

The safe shutdown of Advanced Gas-cooled Reactor (AGR) nuclear power stations in response to a seismic event is vital to their safety case. The tubular graphite bricks used to moderate the neutrons within an AGR core are arranged in columns whose bores provide channels for either fuel or control rods. Earthquake-induced distortion of the channels could impede the insertion of the control rods and compromise the safe shut-down, maintenance and servicing of the reactor. This paper presents a mathematical framework, utilising Euler mechanics, to evaluate the column shape displacement profiles of fuel and control rod channels within a state-of-the-art quarter-sized physical model of an AGR core when subjected to seismic loading. The data obtained from sensors installed within the model bricks, and configured to monitor interface displacements, are used to infer the global behaviour of a multi-stacked brick column subject to seismic excitation. Directly measured displacements of the top of the brick columns, obtained using a motion capture vision system, are compared with the displacements calculated using the framework presented, verifying the validity of the procedure. Statistical analysis is employed to quantify and characterise the performance of the Euler mechanics method. For multiple model build configurations, which represent different brick-cracking scenarios in an aged core, the Pearson correlation factor between the direct and indirect measurements is evaluated for the top of the column displacements giving an average value of 0.96 in the direction of the input motion. This shows that good agreement is achieved for the column shape displacement time-histories. The seismic responses are shown to be significantly larger in amplitude in the presence of large numbers of cracked bricks.

Thermal performance of cylindrical battery module with both axial and radial thermal paths: Numerical simulation and thermal resistance network analysis

In this paper, the thermal performance of a cylindrical battery module with axial-radial thermal paths is investigated by both numerical simulation and analytical thermal resistance network analysis. The 7×7 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries are arranged orthogonally in the module, with their base surface dissipating heat to the cold plate through bottom electrical insulation layer. The upper part of the battery is connected to the cold plate by the surrounding coaxial tube, thermal diffusion plate and thermal column, thus forming the cooperative cooling thermal structure in both axial and radial directions. The temperature distribution in the battery module is first analyzed by numerical modeling, and then the structural parameters are investigated including the spacing between the adjacent battery centers, the cross-sectional shape and area of thermal column, the thickness of thermal diffusion plate, the height of thermal diffusion plate and the length of coaxial tube. It is found that the effect of the cross-sectional area of the thermal column surpasses the other affecting parameters. For the thermal resistance analysis, the representative unit cell (RUC) with the corresponding thermal structure is examined and the analytical model of the battery module with internal heat source is established based on the criteria of minimized battery temperature gradient. The comparison between analytical solution and numerical simulation shows that the maximum relative deviations of battery temperature and temperature difference are 4.6% and 6.5%, respectively, validating the effectiveness of the analytical results. The present analytical method can be a useful tool in the fast analysis of the battery thermal designs with acceptable accuracy validated by real and mock-up battery experimental tests.