Shape Theory Research Articles

Mechanism of Antioxidant Activity of Betanin, Betanidin and Respective C15-Epimers via Shape Theory, Molecular Dynamics, Density Functional Theory and Infrared Spectroscopy.

Betanin and betanidin are compounds with extensive interest; they are effectively free radical scavengers. The present work aims to elucidate the differences between the mechanism of the antioxidant activity of betanin, betanidin, and their respective C15-epimers. Shape Theory establishes comparisons between the molecules’ geometries and determines parallelisms with the descriptors BDE, PA, ETE IP, PDE, and infrared spectra (IR) obtained from the molecule simulations. Furthermore, the molecules were optimized using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) protocol. Finally, the molecular docking technique analyzes the antioxidant activity of the compounds in the complex with the therapeutic target xanthine oxidase (XO), based on a new proposal for the geometrical arrangement of the ligand atoms in the framework of Shape Theory. The results obtained indicate that the SPLET mechanism is the most favorable in all the molecules studied and that the first group that loses the hydrogen atom in the four molecules is the C17COOH, presenting less PA the isobetanidin. Furthermore, regarding the molecular docking, the interactions of these compounds with the target were favorable, standing out to a greater extent the interactions of isobetanidin with XO, which were analyzed after applying molecular dynamics.

The Social Selection of the Third Party Payment Technology in China on the Social Shaping of Technology Perspective

Compared with QR code payment technology, NFC near-field payment has more advantages of safety and easy using than before; however, QR code payment technology had become the mainstream payment method in China mobile payment market. In this regard, the traditional technological determinism is difficult to fully explain the phenomenon. But, the social shaping theory (SST) could provide a new thinking to expound the historical queries. Based on the research perspective of SST, this paper takes Alipay's QR code payment technology as a case study, analyzed the impact of various social factors on the diffusion of QR code payment technology and explored the strategy of technology commercialization.

Disinformation detox: teaching and learning about mis- and disinformation using socio-technical systems research perspectives

PurposeThis paper aims to address some limitations in existing approaches to the study of mis- and dis-information and offers what the authors propose as a more comprehensive approach to framing and studying these issues, geared toward the undergraduate level of learner. In doing so, the authors prioritize social shaping of technology and critical informatics perspectives as lenses for explicating and understanding complex mis- and dis-information phenomena. One purpose is to offer readers an understanding of the mis- and dis-information studies landscape, and advocate for the merit of taking the given approach the authors outline.Design/methodology/approachThe paper builds upon design-based research (DBR) methods. In this paper, the authors present the actual curriculum that will be empirically researched in 2022 and beyond in a program of iterative DBR.FindingsFindings of this conceptual paper comprise a fully articulated undergraduate syllabus for a course the authors entitled, “Disinformation Detox.” The authors will iterate upon this curriculum development in ongoing situated studies conducted in undergraduate classrooms.Originality/valueThe value and originality of this article is in its contribution of the ontological “innovation” of a way of framing the mis- and dis-information knowledge domain in terms of social shaping and critical informatics theories. The authors argue that the proposed approach offers students the opportunity to cultivate a complex form of what Milner and Phillips describe as “ecological literacy” that is in keeping with the mis- and dis-information problem domain.

Introduction to spectral line shape theory

Spectral line-shape models are an important part of understanding high-energy-density (HED) plasmas. Models are needed for calculating opacity of materials and can serve as diagnostics for astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. However, much of the literature on line shapes is directed toward specialists. This perspective makes it difficult for non-specialists to enter the field. We have two broad goals with this topical review. First, we aim to give information so that others in HED physics may better understand the current field. This first goal may help guide future experiments to test different aspects of the theory. Second, we provide an introduction for those who might be interested in line-shape theory, and enough materials to be able to navigate the field and the literature. We give a high-level overview of line broadening process, as well as dive into the formalism, available methods, and approximations.

Information Technologies in the Theory and Practice of Artistic Shaping of Modern Works of Architecture: Russian and Foreign Experience

Information Technologies in the Theory and Practice of Artistic Shaping of Modern Works of Architecture: Russian and Foreign Experience

Use of Set Shaping Theory in the Development of Locally Testable Codes

In developing locally testable codes, information is added to the coded message by creating redundancy in the codewords. In this article, we propose an alternative method in which redundancy is introduced on the message that must be transmitted before its encoding and not in the codewords. This approach exploits the Set Shaping Theory whose goal is the study the bijection functions f(X)=Y that transform a set of strings into a set of equal size made up of strings of greater length. In this way, this type of function transforms the independent variable x into the dependent variable y whose emission probability is conditioned by the previously emitted variables. Thus, if the decoder decodes a symbol associated with a conditional probability equal to zero, we detect an error in the message. If the function f used is the one that minimizes the average information content, we develop a code that can be tested efficiently. In fact, it is observed, in terms of compression, that the greater length of the strings is compensated by the fact of having chosen the strings with less entropy.

Practical Applications of Set Shaping Theory in Huffman Coding

Practical Applications of Set Shaping Theory in Huffman Coding

The Role of Comparative Law in Political Science

Abstract Comparing laws cross-nationally elucidates how they restrain political and societal actors and how actors may use law instrumentally to reach their goals. The Article analyzes the extant use of comparative law in political science and describes areas where a more in-depth comparative study of law may enhance understandings of how law shapes politics, particularly in the areas of governance, judicial behavior, rights protection, and democratic transitions and breakdowns. For meaningful use of comparative law in the study of politics, scholars must use causal research designs for cross-country analysis and rigorously choose cases for more detailed within-country qualitative analyses. Understanding how laws vary cross-nationally and what differences matter has the potential to shape theories and explanations of the explosive and sometimes subtle political changes witnessed in the twenty-first century.

Simulasi PHET: Efektivitasnya terhadap pemahaman konsep bentuk molekul

Students have problems in understanding Students have problems in understanding of Molecule Shapes Theory, this can be caused by the lack of visualization of the spatial structure of molecules. So that requires teachers to be creative and innovative, for example by utilizing technology-based learning media. One of the technology-based media that can be used to deliver molecular form material is the PhET simulation media. The purpose of this research is to see the effectiveness of PhET simulation media on mastering the concept of molecular shapes. The research method used was quasi-experimental. The research design used was nonequivalent control group design. The sample in this study were students of class X IPA 1 totaling 39 students and X IPA 2 totaling 40 students. The research instrument used was a multiple choice test to see student learning outcomes and a questionnaire to determine student responses to the use of PhET media. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Research results from the Independent Sample T-Test hypothesis test showed that learning using the PhET simulation media in the experimental class was more effective in improving students' understanding of concepts in molecular form material compared to book media.

DETERMINING ROBUST PARAMETERS IN STABILIZING SET OF BACKSTEPPING BASED NONLINEAR CONTROLLER FOR SHIP COURSE KEEPING

The authors have addressed an important topic that is needed for backstepping algorithm to guarantee the robust performance of the closed-loop system. A novel method of determining parameters was presented based on ship maneuvering empirical knowledge and closed-loop shaping theory, and theoretical proof had shown the uniformly asymptotic stability of an established nonlinear Nomoto model. However, the following important points are suggested for the improvement of this paper.

DETERMINING ROBUST PARAMETERS IN STABILIZING SET OF BACKSTEPPING BASED NONLINEAR CONTROLLER FOR SHIP COURSE KEEPING

In order to solve the problem that backstepping method cannot effectively guarantee the robust performance of the closed-loop system, a novel method of determining parameter is developed in this note. Based on the ship manoeuvring empirical knowledge and the closed-loop shaping theory, the derived parameters belong to a reduced robust group in the original stabilizing set. The uniformly asymptotic stability is achieved theoretically. The training vessel “Yulong” and the tanker “Daqing232” are selected as the plants in the simulation experiment. And the simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

An invitation to analytic abduction

This paper provides an invitation to analytic abduction, an emerging approach to qualitative research. Like deduction and induction, abduction is a mode of inquiry. In a general sense, abduction forwards explanations for novel or surprising observations. In a more practical sense, abduction aims to combine the strengths of both inductive and deductive inquiry by reasoning from concrete data (similar to induction), but using this data to extend, refine, or refute existing theories or propositions (similar to deduction). In this paper, we provide an overview of how and why abduction was developed for qualitative research before demonstrating how to apply analytic abduction to real-world data. Our examples connect data to longstanding and well-researched theories in psychology to highlight the utility of abduction for psychological researchers. We argue that analytic abduction is an ideal resource for qualitative psychologists, as the approach emphasizes qualitative data while leveraging such data to shape theory. This focus on theory provides ample opportunities to use qualitative work to inform concepts central to psychological science, including those that are primarily tied to experimental design, quantitative methods, and deductive reasoning.

Theoretical and experimental studies of an effective active vibration control method based on the deflection shape theory and optimal algorithm

Similar to mode shapes, deflection shapes are distributions of vibration amplitudes on structures under non-resonant excitations. Therefore, they are also essential vibration characteristics of structures. This paper proposes an effective active vibration control method under both non-resonant and resonant excitations based on the deflection shape theory and optimal algorithm. Taking the vibration isolation of an object on a flat plate as an example, the active vibration control method is illustrated. Piezoelectric patches are used as sensors and actuators. The main idea of the present vibration control method is to construct the suitable deflection shapes according to the position of the object by using the genetic algorithm (GA). There are two methods to select the desired deflection shapes. Under non-resonant external excitations, the desired deflection shapes are assumed artificially based on the idea of mode localization. While under resonant excitations, the desired deflection shape will be determined by the concept of destructive interference, that is, it should be completely opposite to the original one. In order to make the structure vibrate according to the desired deflection shape, piezoelectric materials are used to obtain the active loads or stiffness. The optimal actuating voltages and feedback control gains in the active control will be determined by GA. The effects of these active vibration control methods are investigated through the theoretical analyses, numerical simulations, as well as experimental verifications. These results demonstrate that the present active control method is effective.

Enterprise capital - Definition, theory and determinants of the structure

Purpose of the study: The main goal of the article is to define the company's capital, the concept of which in the literature is insignificant and broad. The subject of the research is also the characteristics of the capital structure and the factors that determine it.
 Methodology: The main research method was a critical review of the literature in the field of shaping the capital structure of enterprises, also in the perspective of the evolution of the theory of the optimal capital structure and the factors determining it.
 Main findings: The most common definition of capital describes this concept as a source of financing for the activities of an enterprise, and therefore equates it with the balance sheet concept of liabilities. The sources of origin of funds financing business activities forces the managers to search for their optimal structure ensuring the proper relationship between the planned profit and the acceptable level of risk. The literature presents many theories of capital structure and factors shaping it. When shaping the share of equity and borrowed capital in the total of liabilities, one should take into account the business sector of the enterprise, its environment and the risk appetite of the managers.
 Application of the study: The presented attempt to define the company's capital is in line with the considerations on this subject so far and aims to standardize this concept in the literature. The cross-section of the theory of capital structure allows for a historical approach to this issue and confirmation of the multidimensionality of the presented issues. The presented factors shaping the capital structure of enterprises specify the areas on which managers should focus when looking for an optimal relationship of equity and foreign capital.
 Originality/Novelty of the study: The issue of defining capital and its optimal structure is not new in the literature. However, it requires permanent analysis, which is conditioned by the volatility of macroeconomic and microeconomic conditions. Difficulties in a universal approach to this subject also force detailed research in specific industries and economic conditions.

Shape Theory

Shape theory was founded by K. Borsuk 50 years ago. It is essentially a spectral homotopy theory and occupies an important place in geometric topology. This paper presents the basic concepts and the most important, in our opinion, results of shape theory. Unfortunately, due to space limitation, it would have not been possible to cover many other interesting problems and results related to this theory. For a more detailed and systematic study of the issues considered in the review, we provide an extensive list of references at the end.

Solid-Density Ion Temperature from Redshifted and Double-Peaked Stark Line Shapes.

Heβ spectral line shapes are important for diagnosing temperature and density in many dense plasmas. This work presents Heβ line shapes measured with high spectral resolution from solid-density plasmas with minimized gradients. The line shapes show hallmark features of Stark broadening, including quantifiable redshifts and double-peaked structure with a significant dip between the peaks; these features are compared to models through a Markov chain MonteCarlo framework. Line shape theory using the dipole approximation can fit the width and peak separation of measured line shapes, but it cannot resolve an ambiguity between electron density n_{e} and ion temperature T_{i}, since both parameters influence the strength of quasistatic ion microfields. Here a line shape model employing a full Coulomb interaction for the electron broadening computes self-consistent line widths and redshifts through the monopole term; redshifts have different dependence on plasma parameters and thus resolve the n_{e}-T_{i} ambiguity. The measured line shapes indicate densities that are 80-100% of solid, identifying a regime of highly ionized but well-tamped plasma. This analysis also provides the first strong evidence that dense ions and electrons are not in thermal equilibrium, despite equilibration times much shorter than the duration of x-ray emission; cooler ions may arise from nonclassical thermalization rates or anomalous energy transport. The experimental platform and diagnostic technique constitute a promising new approach for studying ion-electron equilibration in dense plasmas.

A constructive theory of shape

We formulate a theory of shape valid for objects of arbitrary dimension whose contours are path connected. We apply this theory to the design and modeling of viable trajectories of complex dynamical systems. Infinite families of qualitatively similar shapes are constructed giving as input a finite ordered set of characteristic points (landmarks) and the value of a continuous parameter κ∈(0,∞). We prove that all shapes belonging to the same family are located within the convex hull of the landmarks. The theory is constructive in the sense that it provides a systematic means to build a mathematical model for any shape taken from the physical world. We illustrate this with a variety of examples: (chaotic) time series, plane curves, space filling curves, knots and strange attractors.

Entering the Classroom through the Archive

ABSTRACTThis review of Rachel Sagner Buurma and Laura Heffernan’s The Teaching Archive: A New History for Literary Study praises the extensive archival research these authors performed to uncover the pivotal role of the classroom in shaping key works and theories of several central figures of literary studies in England and the United States in the twentieth century. Additionally, The Teaching Archive places such central figures as I. A. Richards, T. S. Eliot, and Cleanth Brooks in the context of the work of their colleagues in classrooms down the hall, uncovering the important roles of collaboration, early digital humanities and distant reading projects, and the lasting and often far earlier than previously acknowledged contributions of women and faculty of color. This project to center the classroom in literary studies is one with potentially radical implications for our understanding and assessment of literary scholarship and the traditional teaching/research hierarchy.

Theory of the line shape of the 1S–2S transition for magnetically trapped antihydrogen

The physics that determines the line shape of the 1S–2S transition in magnetically trapped is explored. Besides obtaining an understanding of the line shape, one goal is to replace the dependence on large scale simulations of with a simpler integration over well defined functions. For limiting cases, analytic formulas are obtained. Example calculations are performed to illustrate the limits of simplifying assumptions. We also describe a χ 2 method for choosing experimental parameters that can lead to the most accurate determination of the transition frequency.

Introduction

Introduction