Shape Of Wheels Research Articles

Investigating the surface gradient effects on the nano-machine’s motion

The main goal of this study is to consider the simultaneous effect of the surface gradient and the temperature changes on nano-machine migration on gold substrates. By so doing, we hypothesize that nano-machines will experience minimal deviation, which leads them to have a long-range movement even at low temperatures (75 K and 150 K). To this end, the diffusive motion of C60, nanocar, and nanotruck on the conical and concave gold substrates with different radius gradients has been investigated. In order to better understand the effects of chassis and surface interactions on nano-machine movement, an all-atom model and classic atomistic dynamics have been utilized. According to the results, fewer deviations were observed for all nano-machines due to the similar shape of substrates and nano-machine wheels. The results indicated that surface gradient helps in controlling the nano machines’ motion. Furthermore, the surface gradient provides the nano-machines with long-range movement at low temperatures (75K and 150K). All in all, nano-scale applications such as sensors, nano-robots, actuators, and drug carriers in which controllable movement of nano-machines at low temperatures is needed can be addressed by the current study.

Sensor Fusion using Model Predictive Control for Differential Dual Wheeled Robot

Every mobile robot mission starts with the robot being moved to the task site. From there, the robot executes its tasks. A control system is required to move the mobile robot's actuator (which may be in the shape of wheels or legs) and comprehend the environment around the robot to perform these movements (perception). This research aims to develop a technique to control a robot’s movement while detecting obstacles and distances toward an object. The robot is equipped with LIDAR and a camera to perform these tasks. The control is divided into two major parts, low-level and high-level controller. As part of a low-level controller robot, the Model Predictive Control (MPC) method is proposed to help with the control of the wheel while the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) approach to use in this study to identify obstacles and the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method for detecting objects, both ANN and CNN as a control for high-level part of the robot. The results of this study can prove that CNN can help detect existing objects with a value of 45% for detecting some objects. The obtained result from the MPC method, which has been combined with an ANN as an obstacle detector, is that the smaller the horizon value, the shorter the time needed to reach the desired coordinates with the result being 45 seconds.

Constructional design of the body shape of large gear wheels

The development of modern machines and means of production is characterized by ever-increasing performance parameters with decreasing equipment weight. When designing large gears, it is also necessary to consider the influence of the body shape of the gear wheel. The body shape of gear wheel must meet the basic requirements of stiffness and strength with the lightest possible construction of the gear wheel body. The work is focused on large gears, made with relief. Such gears can be forged, cast, or made by welding. The shape of the gear wheel body depends on several factors such as the size of the wheel, the material, the method of manufacture or use. The paper provides an overview of the body shapes used by large spur gears. These body shapes of spur gears will be the subject of further research, where suitability will be assessed based on stiffness of teeth and wheel weight.

PUSAT KOMUNITAS SEPEDA DI KOTA PONTIANAK

Bicycle is the sustainable land transport. The background of this design is the cycling trend in Pontianak City has existed since 2000. In 2005 the Bike to Work community was formed and until now more than 20 bicycle communities have been formed in Pontianak City. Members of the cycling community need a place to gather and share their interest in cycling, and people need a safe place to play and practice cycling. This design is in line with the commitment of the Pontianak City Government to realize Pontianak City as a bicycle-friendly city. The main purpose is to provide an interactive, flexible, and combine meeting point with the shape of bicycle wheels as part of the design. The design used the Whitaker design method, which consists of the introduction stage, definition stage, preparation stage, analysis stage, synthesis stage, evaluation stage, and re-evaluation stage. The main concept is to create eight bicycle community clusters that are integrated with commercial, recreational, and educational areas to meet the needs and lifestyles of cyclists. This design produces a plaza area with an arrangement of eight bicycle clusters that are centralized and integrated with a commercial area, waterfront, food court, and freestyle area with cluster organization.

Terramechanics-based investigation of grouser shape for rigid wheels: Comparison between rectangular and trapezoidal grousers

It is important to further improve the traveling performances of the moon/planetary exploration rovers. To achieve this, we investigated the grouser shape of rigid wheels for use in such rovers, fo...

Influence of Deformation of the Wheel Disk-Type Body on the Tooth Load Distribution over the Facewidth in Helical Gears

The article demonstrates one of the ways to reduce uneven load distribution along the width of the gear wheels which can be used in place of expensive modifications of the tooth flanks (crowning). This can be achieved by appropriate selection of the shape of the gear wheels for example the disk shape. The presented numerical example illustrates the above possibility taking into account deformability of the wheel body.

Study on Vehicle Wheel Automatic Recognition Based on the Manufacturing

The paper discusses the major manufacturing processes of vehicle wheels and the current load-unload situation, analyses the structural shape of vehicle wheels, and designs the vehicle wheel gripper. Also the paper studies the image acquisition, image processing and automatic recognition based on the vehicle wheel manufacturing.

ENLARGEMENT OF OUT-OF-ROUND WHEEL PROFILES ON HIGH SPEED TRAINS

Radial deviations from the ideal round shape of railway wheels and out-of-round (OOR) phenomena more generally have been a well known problem for a long time. Since the typical speed range of modern high speed trains have become higher and the newer building substructures “stiffer”, in some vehicles both a disturbing, humming noise within the passenger compartment at high speeds and an increase of maintenance costs due to OOR wheel shapes can be observed. Measurements show that small radius deviations of some typical OOR shapes enlarge rapidly. In order to analyze the origin and the enlargement of OOR phenomena a vehicle–track model was developed to describe the short term system dynamics of an ICE-1 carriage. While running on an elastic track, disturbances by wheel radius deformations are assumed. In a second step, this model was extended by an iterative long term wear model to analyze the changes in radius deviations over a long operating period. Simulation results show that OOR wheel shapes cause extensive variations in normal forces on stiff substructures at high speeds. Under realistic operating conditions even a periodical wheel–rail lift-off can be observed. The normal force variations accelerate the wheel vertically and excite a bending oscillation of the wheelset axle which leads to lateral slip and lateral material excavation. Subsequently, the location and amplitude of the two excavation maxima—for the positive and negative maximum of the lateral slip—within the tread were investigated. Their locations change as a function of vertical track properties as well as of the excitation frequency which is the product of the rotation frequency of the wheel and the number of OOR periods over the wheel circumference (OOR order). It is shown that under specific operating conditions only some OOR shapes enlarge while others lead to higher harmonic orders.

The characteristics of wheel wear in Shinkansen electric cars and its effect to the running vibration. (In case of conical shaped wheel with the conicity of 1/40).

In the long-term endurance test of Shinkansen electric cars at the speed of 240 km/h, the shape of wheels and vibration of cars were measured periodically. This test was continued up to the running distance nearly equal to the one until truck overhauling. From the data of wheel shape, the wear characteristics were analyzed, and its quantitative effects to the running vibrations were researched. As the result, following matters were made clear. (1) During the running distance until truck overhauling, the Riding Quality Level of lateral vibration grows 2∼3 dB, because of the increased play between the flange and rail which is caused by the flange wear. (2) In case of the tested truck, that is the same type with one of commercial trains, the tread wear does not affect much to the running vibration. And it is indicated as one cause that the effective conicity γe differs little from the design value of 1/40 by the moving of contact point between the tread and rail.

The Establishment of Positionning Errors Influence of the Parallel Hobbing Cutter on the Machining Accuracy of the Spur Wheels

In this paper the influence carried out by the descentration errors of the parallel hobbing cutter on the machining accuracy of the spur wheels is presented. These errors lead to an incorrect position and setting of the parallel hobbing cutter on chuck. It Is due mainly to the too large hole tolerances of the parallel hobbing cutter and of the cutter arbor producing lots of errors of the teeth shape of the spur wheels. Researches carried out by the authors allowed the establishment of the shape and the value of these errors which are transmitted to the carried-out spur wheel. The errors of the tooth shape with pointed tips of the spur wheel lead to the increase of wear and noise on gear wheels. Owing to the fact that the value of these errors depends mainly on the dimensions of the parallel hobbing cutter, the results of the researches led to the conclusions that the parallel hobbing cutter with small diameters is more recommended because the descentration errors produce smaller errors at the machining of the spur wheels. At the same time the parallel hobbing cutters having diameters much smaller than those recommended by standards have got better performances.

Effect of some design factors in errors in the dimensions and shape of toothed wheels during chemicothermal treatment

1. The effect of the design of parts on changes in their dimensions and shape during chemicothermal treatment can be calculated from the relative values of the errors. 2. The relative errors in the dimensions and shape of cylindrical toothed wheels during chemicothermal treatment depend on the ratio of the surfaces of the core and the case in the section perpendicular to the axis of the piece. 3. From the relationships derived it is possible to predict with an accuracy sufficient for practical purposes the errors that occur in manufacturing in order to select the optimal design and the most efficient manufacturing process to ensure a given accuracy of toothed wheels.