Shape Of Shield Research Articles

TOMBSTONE OF PRINCE DMYTRO KOZEKA: A «NEW AND OLD» LAPIDARY MONUMENT OF VOLYN OF THE 16th CENTURY

The Scientific Archive of the Institute of Archaeology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine holds a drawing of the tombstone of Prince Dmytro Kozeka. The drawing on a sheet of paper was made in pencil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It contains two inscriptions (epitaphs) in Old Ukrainian and Latin and the princely coat of arms between them. The texts of the inscriptions were published twice in the nineteenth century. The large coat of arms on the tombstone has never been described. Its image, as well as the image of the inscriptions, is published for the first time. The large coat of arms has the shape of a heraldic shield inscribed in a circle. The shape of the shield is made in the Baroque style. Four heraldic signs are symmetrically arranged on the shield, the first of which, in the form of a bow and cross, is the minor coat of arms of the prince. This sign is present on the personal seals of Dmytro Kozeka. The second sign is still unknown in the heraldry of Ukraine in the sixteenth century. Two other signs belong to well-known arms used by many noble families. The paper is accompanied by illustrations that show a complete drawing of the prince’s tombstone and individual elements of this lapidary monument: two epitaphs and a great coat of arms, opening the way for studying the vocabulary of the inscriptions and performing paleographic analysis. The attribution of the coat of arms will allow us to clarify the genealogy of the Kozeka family. Prince Dmytro Kozeka died in 1583 and was buried in the Church of the Assumption of Our Lady in the monastery not far from Zymne village near Volodymyr city. The marble slab on the grave was installed by his wife Kateryna Falchevska. After the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, there is no evidence of the location of the slab. The Kozeka family appeared in Volhynia in the mid-fifteenth century. Their origin is not clear. Dmytro Kozeka is the most famous representative of this family, according to written sources. The paper describes some episodes of his biography, gives an overview of the princely estates, specifies the time period when his father died, and reveals the previously unknown names of his two sisters. The tombstone of Prince Dmytro Kozeka is a valuable historical source for the study of the elite stratum of the Ukrainian population of the early modern period.

The spine armament of the legs as an important means for the characterisation of the genera of Corydiinae and their relationships (Blattodea, Corydiidae)

The Palaearctic species of Corydiinae having no apical spine on the femora of the frontleg (48 species distributed to the genera Heterogamisca, Heterogamodes, Hemelytroblatta, Leiopteroblatta, Mononychoblatta, Nymphrytria, Psammoblatta) were studied in mainly three characters: tibia armament, features of the right phallomere, and distribution of bristles on the subgenital plate. The results suggest considerable changes in the classification with now 5 genera and several subgenera: (1) Heterogamodes with subgenera Heterogamodes, Heterogamisca, and Atuberculoblatta subgen. nov.; (2) Hemelytroblatta with subgenera Hemelytroblatta and Mollidentoblatta subgen. nov.; (3) Nymphrytria with subgenera Nymphrytria, Mononychoblatta, and Leiopteroblatta; (4) Psammoblatta; and (5) Fissidentoblatta gen. nov. The presumed relationships between the genera (1)–(3) are shown in a cladogram (Fig. 23). Four species of the subgenus Heterogamisca are described as new: H. longipilosa, H. sulcata, H. brevipennis, and H. pallens; a fifth species, H. jeffreyana, member of the Maltese fauna, had recently been described (Bohn & Sciberras 2021). A determination key allows the identification of the males of the genus Heterogamodes and its subgenera. All genera of Corydiinae, the following in addition to the already mentioned: Anisogamia, Arenivaga, Eremoblatta, Ergaula, Eucorydia, Eupolyphaga, Homoeogamia, Polyphaga, Polyphagina, and Therea, were studied in tibia armament, distribution of tricholiths on the cerci, wing structures and some other characters. The study revealed three groups of genera: The Therea-group with the Nearctic genera Homoeogamia, Ergaula, Eucorydia, and Therea; the Arenivaga-group with the Nearctic genera Arenivaga and Eremoblatta and the Palaearctic genus Polyphagina; and the Polyphaga-group containing the genera Anisogamia, Eupolyphaga, Polyphaga and all genera already mentioned in the first paragraph. The Therea-group most likely represents the most basal group of the Corydiinae, but appears as already split into two branches, with the Nearctic Homoeogamia on the one branch finally terminating in the Arenivaga-group, and the three other Old World genera on the other branch terminating in the Polyphaga-group (Fig. 24). The proposed phylogenetic relationships can only be seen as tentative and need proof on both fields of methods: on the morphological side the complex structures of the phallomeres still offer a rich arsenal of different structures hitherto certainly only partly used; on the side of the molecular methods a large extension of the number of genera to be studied is necessary including all known genera of Corydiinae. The unition of Princis’ Polyphagidae and Homoeogamiidae to one subfamily, Corydiinae, by Grandcolas 1994a appears justified, but with the exclusion of Cryptocercus. The genera Austropolyphaga, and Polyphagoides, later added by Roth (2003), have to be removed from Corydiinae: shape and size of the postclypeal shield exclude their belonging to this subfamily and there are no relevant characters known which the two genera share with Corydiinae. The same applies to the presumably erroneous addition of Hypercompsa to Corydiinae by Roth. Tivia inconspicua (Tiviinae) differs in several important characters from the other Tivia species. It is placed in a newly errected genus: Tiviella gen. nov..

Evolutionary change of crystallographic orientation and coccolith morphology: Neogene-Quaternary Umbilicosphaera (Prymnesiophyceae) lineage

The crystallographic orientation and its relationship to the morphology of coccoliths were investigated for the Neogene-Quaternary calcareous nannoplankton Umbilicosphaera lineage using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD). The c-axis of the calcite forming the distal shield elements was inclined upward at 66–68° (U. sibogae), 65–68° (U. foliosa), 57–58° (U. rotula), and 55–57° (U. patera) from the coccolith plane. Accordingly, the outward dip angle of one of the {101¯4} faces forming the surface of the distal shield of U. patera coccolith was shallower than those of U. sibogae and U. foliosa, explaining the nearly flat distal shield and the steep inner slope, formed by another equivalent {101¯4} face, around the central opening of U. patera. Our results showed that the evolution from U. rotula to U. patera during the Late Miocene was not accompanied by a change in crystallographic orientation. In contrast, the evolution from U. patera to U. sibogae and U. foliosa during the Pliocene was accompanied by a rotation of the orientation. The crystallographic orientation of calcite nuclei on the baseplate with a combination of other factors would have resulted in species-specific differences in shield shape and suture lines within the same phylogeny, consequently producing morphological diversity in the coccolith throughout geological time.

Distributed multi-UAV shield formation based on virtual surface constraints

This paper proposes a method for the deployment of a multi-agent system of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) as a shield with potential applications in the protection of infrastructures. The shield shape is modeled as a quadric surface in the 3D space. To design the desired formation (target distances between agents and interconnections), an algorithm is proposed where the input parameters are just the parametrization of the quadric and the number of agents of the system. This algorithm guarantees that the agents are almost uniformly distributed over the virtual surface and that the topology is a Delaunay triangulation. Moreover, a new method is proposed to check if the resulting triangulation meets that condition and is executed locally. Because this topology ensures that the formation is rigid, a distributed control law based on the gradient of a potential function is proposed to acquire the desired shield shape and proofs of stability are provided. Finally, simulation and experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

Multi-parameter detector optimization: SHiP case

SHiP (Search for Hidden Particles) and the associated SPS Beam Dump Facility is a new general-purpose experiment proposed at the SPS to search for "hidden" particles as predicted by a very large number of recently elaborated models of Hidden Sectors which are capable of accommodating dark matter, neutrino oscillations, and the origin of the full baryon asymmetry in the Universe. SHiP is declared as an experiment with zero background. The Muon Shield is the key element to do this. So on the one hand it has to provide a good background suppression, on the other hand it has not be too heavy. In this paper we present the results of obtaining the new Muon Shield shape using the Bayesian Optimization. This allowed to reduce the background rate by the factor of 2.5, while keeping the weight of the shield at the same level.

Inter-implant Papilla Changes Following Anterior Immediate Tooth Replacement with Socket Shields: A 1- to 10-Year Retrospective Study.

This retrospective study investigates the efficacy of the socket shield (SS) in preserving inter-implant papilla and bone in anterior adjacent implant sites. Clinical and radiographic records of 23 patients were evaluated. A total of 31 implants were placed immediately into extraction sockets with SS, resulting in 26 inter-implant sites, and 7 implants were placed without SS. After a mean follow-up of 41.5 months (range: 12 to 124 months), 30/31 (96.8%) implants with SS and 7/7 (100%) implants without SS were clinically successful. The mean changes in inter-implant papilla and bone heights were -0.40 mm and -0.46 mm, respectively. The effects of implant placement timing and the socket shield number, shape, and crestal level on inter-implant tissue height changes were found to be insignificant (P > .05). Supracrestal shield level (31.6% vs 16.6% in equicrestal), U-shape shield (41.2% vs 7.1% in C-shape), and shield-to-implant contact (40.0% vs 12.5% in no contact) were associated with increased occurrence of exposures. The application of SS in adjacent anterior implant situations is a viable treatment option for maintaining inter-implant papilla.

Diversification of cephalic shield shape and antenna in phyllosoma I of slipper and spiny lobsters (Decapoda: Achelata)

Slipper (Scyllaridae) and spiny (Palinuridae) lobsters show a complex life cycle with a planktonic larval phase, named phyllosoma. This unique larval form within Achelata (Decapoda) is characterized by a transparent dorsoventrally compressed body and a pair of antennae. This conspicuous morphology has been attributed to adaptive specialization of planktonic life. Early studies suggest that phyllosoma morphology has remained constant over the evolutionary history of Achelata, while recent evidence points out large morphological changes and that diversification of phyllosoma larvae is a consequence of radiation and specialization processes to exploit different habitats. Given the ecological and evolutive significance of phyllosoma, we used shape variation of the first phyllosoma stage (phyllosoma I) and a time-calibrated phylogeny of extant Achelata to study how diversification of phyllosoma I shape occurred along with the evolutionary history of Achelata. Our results show a conserved phyllosoma I with a pear-shaped cephalic shield and large antennae in spiny lobsters and older groups of slipper lobsters, yet highly specialized phyllosoma I with wide rounded cephalic shield and short antennae in younger groups of slipper lobsters. Analyses revealed two bursts of lineage diversification in mid and late history without a slowdown in recent times. Both bursts preceded large bursts of morphological disparity. These results joined with the allopatric distribution of species and convergence of phyllosoma I shapes between largely divergent groups suggest that diversification involves nonadaptive radiation processes. However, the correlation of a major direction of shape with the maximum distribution depth of adults and the occurrence of the second burst of diversification post-extinction of competitors within Achelata presuppose some ecological opportunities that might have promoted lineage and morphological diversification, fitting to the characteristic components of adaptive radiations. Therefore, we conclude that diversification of Achelata presents a main signature of nonadaptive radiation with some components of adaptive radiation.

Four new species of coral- and rock-boring polychaetes Daylithos (Annelida, Flabelligeridae) from the Pacific Ocean

Four new species of Daylithos (Flabelligeridae, Annelida) are described, based on specimens collected from rocks and corals of Japan and Malaysia. Daylithos, contains one species, D. parmatus, currently reported from Japan. However, the specimens described in previous reports were unable to be located and thus deemed lost. Therefore, it was unclear whether the specimens described as D. parmatus in those studies were, indeed, the species. In Malaysia, D. parmatus has also been known as popular species from corals. The specimens collected from Langkawi (Malaysia) showed clearly different characters from D. parmatus and other congeners. In this study, we describe four new species, Daylithos japonicus, D. amamiensis, D. sugashimaensis and D. langkawiensis, based on newly-collected specimens from several part of Japan and Malaysia. These new species can be discriminated from other congeners by body colour, presence of eyes, shape of dorsal shield, length of caruncle and arrangement of neurochaetae. We have also provided mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences of the new species.

Two new mite species of the genus Geckobia Mégnin (Acariformes: Pterygosomatidae) from Israel

Two new species of pterygosomatid mites parasitizing Sinai fan-fingered gecko Ptyodactylus guttatus Heyden (Phyllodactylidae) from Israel are described: Geckobia bochkovi sp. nov. and Geckobia synthesys sp. nov. The former species is the most similar to Geckobia squameum Bertrand, Paperna, and Finkelman, 1999, but differs by the presence of a well-outlined, slightly concave propodonotal shield in its anterior and posterior margin, fine-pointed dorsal setae that slightly increase in length from the anterior to the posterior part of the idiosoma, leg setae l'FI and l'GI, shape of coxal setae 4a, 4b and 4c which are slender and smooth or with barely discernible serration. The latter species is most similar to Geckobia keegani Lawrence, 1953 but differs in the shape of the propodonotal shield, which is almost straight in its posterior margin, the presence of five pairs of setae on the shield, 19-28 pairs of idiosomal ventral setae, three genital setae and leg setae l'GI, l'GIV, vFI-II, vFIII-IV, lFIII-IV and vTrIV.

Construction solutions and calculation methods of horizontal protective shields for tunnel-type structures

The article considers features of creating horizontal protective shields made of steel pipes for construction of tunnel-type structures in a closed manner. Types of horizontal protective shields and methods of their construction are analyzed. Variants of modern tunnel structures arranged in difficult geological conditions with the use of lining from large diameter pipes along the perimeter of the entire structure are given. Factors influencing the choice of a rational shield shape and an appropriate design model for solving the problem of the stress-strain state of the soil body weakened by a horizontal cavity of a closed type are taken into account, considering various options for propping and external influence on the soil body under studyThe obtained value of settlement of the upper layer of the support also depends on the dynamic loads from the railway tracks, but does not take into account the sequence of the technological process of construction of an underground tunnel, which is a guideline for subsequent projects.

3D프린터와 아두이노를 활용한 교육용 휴머노이드 로봇

Among the types of robots, it is not easy to make a robot that walks on two legs. For this, it is necessary to be able to create software that can control precise servomotor settings and various operations. This process is very difficult for beginners and not easy to make because there is no suitable Arduino shield shape for the robot. Therefore, in this study, a method for manufacturing Arduino and plug-in type shield was proposed. In addition, the process of developing a PC control program that can simplify motion control, manufacturing a robot, and setting servo motor values to easily control motion was introduced. It is expected that this will be of great help to novice developers who are interested in making robots.

Syndinean dinoflagellates of the genus Euduboscquella are paraphyletic.

Syndinean dinoflagellates of the genus Euduboscquella infect marine ciliates and dinoflagellates. Euduboscquella species infecting dinoflagellates are understudied relative to congeners infecting ciliates and their molecular phylogeny remains uncertain. Morphology, development, and rRNA gene sequences of intracellular parasites infecting heterotrophic dinoflagellates from coastal waters of Busan, Republic of Korea in summer to fall of 2019-2021 indicate that Cucumeridinium coeruleum, Gyrodinium cf. ochraceum, and two unidentified species of Gyrodinium were each infected by a different Euduboscquella species. Morphological features including shield structure, shape and color of the mature trophont, and sporogenic process distinguished each of the four parasites from the 10 previously described species of Euduboscquella. Our molecular and phylogenetic analyses showed considerably greater genetic distance of SSU and ITS-LSU rRNA gene regions among Euduboscquella species infecting dinoflagellates than among those infecting ciliates. Rather than clustering as a group with Euduboscquella species infecting ciliates, SSU rRNA sequences of the four novel parasites spread out across the syndinean Group I phylogeny, occurring in two different clades and a new lineage. Placement of our novel parasites in multiple clades that encompass Ichythyodinium chabelardi strongly indicates that the genus Euduboscquella is paraphyletic.

Structural evolution and bonding characteristics of neutral Cs2B n clusters

In this study, the unbiased crystal structure analysis by particle swarm optimisation (CALYPSO) combined with the density functional theory (DFT) method were used to perform a structure search for neutral Cs2B n (n = 1–12) clusters, as well as the corresponding global minimum of the potential energy surface were determined. The ground-state structures of the Cs2B n (n = 1–12) clusters have four types of geometries: planar, arch bridge, double pyramid, and shield shape. Subsequently, the relative stability of the ground-state structures was systematically analysed based on three effective rules, which indicates that the C7V Cs2B8 with a double pyramid structure has unusual stability. The results of the molecular orbitals (MOs) and density of states analysis (DOS) show that the B-2s and 2p atomic orbitals of Cs2B8 are the main components of MOs. In addition, from the results of adaptive natural density partitioning (AdNDP) and localised orbital locator (LOL), it can be seen that the excellent stability of Cs2B8 originates from the delocalised large π bonds with aromaticity and the s–p bonding of B–B. Our results reveal the structural growth mode of Cs2B n clusters and enrich the chemical bonding properties of boron-based clusters.

Taxonomic implications of describing a new species of Loimia (Annelida, Terebellidae) with two size-dependent morphotypes

We describe Loimia davidi sp. nov. (Annelida, Terebellidae) from São Miguel Island (Azores). It resembles Loimia gigantea (Montagu, 1819) (English Channel) in having very large adults, the ventral shield shape and the types of capillary notochaetae (three), while differing in shape and colour of the lateral lappets, branchiae length, the arrangement of segments, ventral shields, uncini and pygidial papillae. Large (> 30 cm long) and small (≈ 5 cm long) specimens of L. davidi sp. nov. show typically interspecific morphological differences while clustering in a single entity after species delimitation analyses of a cytochrome c oxidase I fragment. Therefore, we consider them to belong to a single species and discuss the taxonomic implications of size-dependent morphological differences. Within Loimia, we (1) suggest that large specimens may have been scarcely reported due to their rarity and collecting difficulty, while small specimens may have been reported either as ‘sp.’ or as the ‘cosmopolitan’ Loimia medusa (Savigny, 1822), (2) evaluate the size-related morphological disparity in all described species using a hypervolume analysis, (3) identify possible similar size-dependency in previously described species, (4) summarise the morphological information of all known species of Loimia; and (5) discuss on the four species reported in Europe.

Topology optimization in magnetic shield design by using density method in combination with CNN

PurposeThe density method is one of the powerful topology optimization methods of magnetic devices. The density method has the advantage that it has a high degree of freedom of shape expression which results in a high-performance design. On the other hand, it has also the drawback that unsuitable shapes for actually manufacturing are likely to be generated, e.g. checkerboards or grayscale. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method that enables topology optimization suitable for fabrication while taking advantage of the density method.Design/methodology/approachThis study proposes a novel topology optimization method that combines convolutional neural network (CNN) as an effective smoothing filter with the density method and apply the method to the shield design with magnetic nonlinearity.FindingsThis study demonstrated some numerical examples verifying that the proposed method enables to efficiently obtain a smooth and easy-to-manufacture shield shape with high shielding ability. A network architecture suitable as smoothing filter was also exemplified.Originality/valueIn the field of magnetic field analysis, very few studies have verified the usefulness of smoothing by using CNN in the topology optimization of magnetic devices. This paper develops a novel topology optimization method that skillfully combines CNN with the nonlinear magnetic field analysis and also clarifies a suitable network architecture that makes it possible to obtain a target device shape that is easy to manufacture while minimizing the objective function value.

The second species of the genus Ivoria Kontschán, 2019: description of Ivoriaalourouai sp. nov. from Ivory Coast (Acari, Mesostigmata, Urodinychidae).

A new Ivoria species (Ivoriaalourouaisp. nov.) is described from Ivory Coast based on five females. The new species differs from the previously described congener (Ivoriataienesis Kontschán, 2019) based on the shape of female genital shield, dorsal setae, centro-caudal part of the marginal shield and peritremes.

The influence of face and shield annulus pressure on tunnel liner load development

Three dimensional (3D) finite-difference analysis simulations together with rare field data from strain gauges installed in segmental lining rings at the Seattle Sound Transit Northgate Link tunnel project are examined to provide a better understanding of segmental liner loading developed during earth pressure balance shield tunneling. A simplified 3D numerical model is presented for pressure balanced mechanized tunneling, where the annulus between the shield and excavated ground is full of pressurized material, simplifying the shield shape, and the modeling of the annular gap. This simplified model is based on the assumption that the shield annulus pressure controls the tunnel convergence prior to lining installation. While the presented model simplifies the modeling of the TBM shield, it captures the important components in shield tunneling, including the jointed segmental lining, grout injection pressure, time-dependent grout hardening, and the non-liner soil behavior using the hardening soil constitutive model. The results of this study show that the final lining loads are controlled by the chamber pressure for pressure balance TBMs with pressurized material in the shield annulus. In the case study presented here, pressure drops of the chamber pressure (common in EPB tunneling due to excavation standstill), result in a significant influence on tunnel lining loads.

Effect of Dichotomous Conchal Cartilage Transplantation on Correction of Unilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Deformity.

Autologous conchal cartilage is becoming increasingly popular as a source of material for secondary reconstruction. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of dichotomous autologous conchal cartilage transplantation in the treatment of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity. Eighteen patients (10 males and 8 females) with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity treated from August 2018 to August 2019 were selected for the study. The cut C-shaped conchal cartilage was trimmed into a strip shape and a shield shape and transplanted into the alar cartilage and the tip of the nose, respectively. The effect of the operation was evaluated in terms of patient satisfaction, two-dimensional linear quantitative results, and three-dimensional spatial differences after the operation. During follow-up from 6 months to 2 years, the nasal appearance of 18 patients was significantly improved. The postoperative patient satisfaction survey revealed more than 93% satisfaction for each research index. Two-dimensional linear quantitative analysis revealed that the height of the nasal columella and nostril was significantly increased and that the nasal base and breadth were significantly decreased after the operation. Evaluation of the three-dimensional spatial difference between the unaffected side and the affected side before and after the operation revealed a significant decrease in the difference in the soft tissue volume between the unaffected side and the affected side (P < 0.05). Dichotomous autologous conchal cartilage transplantation is an ideal method for the treatment of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity.

Metagynella pangooli sp. nov. from decaying baobab tree from Senegal with the notes on genus Metagynella Berlese, 1919 (Acari: Mesostigmata: Metagynuridae)

A new species of Metagynella, M. pangooli sp. nov. is described based on female and male specimens collected from decaying baobab trees (Adansonia digitata) in Senegal. The new species differs from congeners by the sculptural pattern of the dorsal shield and the shape of the sternal shield. A list and a new key to the known Metagynella species are also presented.

Fast Multi-Objective Optimization of Magnetic Shield Shape by Combining Auto-Encoder and Level-Set Method

We proposed a new multi-objective optimization approach combining both gradient calculation in actual high-dimensional design space and that in a low-dimensional latent space that is an appropriately compressed design space with Auto-Encoder. The proposed approach enables us to quickly and precisely search for more global pareto solution group in multi-objective optimization by using the optimization results in the low-dimensional space as the initial value of the gradient calculation in the actual design space.