Shape Meter Research Articles

Shape Meter For Tandem Cold Mill

A new shape meter principle is described, which indicates the quality of flatness of cold rolled strip in the course of rolling. This meter measures elongation e of instantaneous waveform of the strip on the line. Value e of a wavy edge was measured during rolling, at the outlet of the last stand of a five stand tandem cold mill, with the shape meter. Elongation e z of wavy edge under free tension was measured with another new instrument. Then correlation coefficient r between e and e z was calculated. As a result, in the range of 5x 10-4e z 1x10-3, r=0.979 was obtained. The value of Detectivity e min =5x10-4was obtained at 10kg/mm2strip tension.

A new wave-shape factor and meter

A star-connected circuit consisting of two voltmeters and one variable condenser has certain properties upon which a wave-shape factor may be based. When the voltmeter resistances are equal to each other and equal to the condenser reactance, the ratio of the voltmeter readings will always be ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2 + \sqrt 3$</tex> ) for an alternator producing sine waves and always less than ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2 + \sqrt 3$</tex> ) for all other wave shapes. From any measured ratio of voltmeter readings, the purity of the voltage wave may be determined; furthermore, the maximum possible percentage of any single harmonic present in the wave can be immediately obtained (See Table III). For the experimental application of this method a wave shape meter is proposed for practical application which consists essentially of two voltmeters and a variable condenser. Such a meter has advantages over the method of analysis based on oscillograms, namely: (1) cost, (2) portability, (3) ease of experimental procedure and (4) rapidity of arriving at results. This method of attack is not intended to supplant the oscillograph but rather to supplement it. The method has been checked with the aid of a harmonic alternator and has been applied to the local power system and to various alternators available in the Electrical Engineering laboratories of the Pennsylvania State College.

A New Wave-Shape Factor and Meter

A star-connected circuit consisting of two voltmeters and one variable condenser has certain properties upon which a wave-shape factor may be based. When the voltmeter resistances are equal to each other and equal to the condenser reactance, the ratio of the voltmeter readings will always be (2 + ?3) for an alternator producing sine waves and always less than (2 + ?3) for all other wave shapes. From any measured ratio of voltmeter readings, the purity of the voltage wave may be determined; furthermore, the maximum possible percentage of any single harmonic present in the wave can be immediately obtained (See Table III). For the experimental application of this method a wave shape meter is proposed for practical application which consists essentially of two voltmeters and a variable condenser. Such a meter has advantages over the method of analysis based on oscillograms, namely: (1) cost, (2) portability, (3) ease of experimental procedure and (4) rapidity of arriving at results. This method of attack is not intended to supplant the oscillograph but rather to supplement it. The method has been checked with the aid of a harmonic alternator and has been applied to the local power system and to various alternators available in the Electrical Engineering laboratories of the Pennsylvania State College.