Shape Interior Research Articles

템플 라인을 활용한 디스커넥션 커트 디자인 작품 제작

A disconnected haircut is a haircut technique which intentionally creates a disconnected effect within the hairstyle by incorporating deliberate breaks in continuity. In general, haircuts typically emphasize overall uniformity with consistent hair length throughout. Recently, however, there have been efforts to break away from such stereotyped styles. Given these circumstances, this study sought to pioneer new disconnected haircuts by incorporating temple lines, aligning with the contemporary trends of modern society. For this, hair wigs were designed by dividing head shape interior along the temple lines and applying four different designs by hair length (short, medium, long, short & long). To achieve this, the interior head shape was divided the temple lines. Subsequently, four distinct designs were developed based on variations in hair length (short, medium, long, and combinations of short and long), which were then applied to hair wigs. Consequently, a range of unique and creative haircuts emerged, featuring disconnected lengths originating from the temple lines and displaying diverse orientations. It seems that the study results could serve as fundamental data capable of broadening hairstylists' understanding of disconnected haircut techniques incorporating temple lines.

A 2D and 3D Analysis on Electromagnetic Parameters of Spoke-shape Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Using FEM

In industry, the most frequently used motors are induction motors (IMs), reluctance motors, and permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). Nowadays because of higher efficiency with higher power density, PMSM attracts its uses in every field of application. Hence, a spoke shape interior PM-based synchronous motor (IPMSM) with distributed winding is considered to discuss in this paper. Also, there has always been a dispute between 2D and 3D analysis of electromagnetic parameters of machines. Therefore, this paper discusses the accuracy, advantages, and difficulty level of 2D and 3D FEM analysis of the IPM motor model by considering several electromagnetic with electromechanical parameters such as torque, flux linkage, eddy current loss, etc. The performance of five different core materials is also considered for comparison. These analyses are carried out by using ANSYS Maxwell software. Spoke shape IPMSM of 0.55 kW with 220 V, 50 Hz is considered for analysis. The 2D and 3D comparison results of parameters under magnetostatic and transient conditions are presented and verified with the results reported in the literature. 2D FEM analysis has given more value in case of torque, stator current, and magnetic flux density than 3D analysis where as 3D analysis is give good performance for flux linkage, back EMF, and eddy current losses. Significant percentage changes with respect to observed materials in the results of 2D and 3D cases are reported. Silicon Steel M36 suitability for stator and rotor core is also observed. This 2D and 3D FEM analysis clarifies accuracy prior to design motor.

Design optimization of Spoke IPM motor for improving efficiency using PSO and Rao-1 algorithm based FEA

The rate of demand for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) in all types of applications is elevated day by day. Many topologies of PMSM have been developed and utilized in different sectors. Many software are available for primary analysis of motors, which have an inbuilt finite element solver. The study presented in the paper aims to optimize a spoke shape interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) design parameters using particle swarm optimization technique (PSO), and Rao-1 algorithm. In this research, a 4 pole 24 slots spoke shape IPMSM motor is considered to optimize its parameters such as outer, inner stator diameter, rotor outer diameter, the height of magnet, stator tooth width, and the base width of the slot. Results obtained, and the effectiveness of optimization are validated by comparing with the results reported in the literature. Efficiency, torque, magnetic field, and other electromagnetic parameters are calculated and reported for the optimized IPMSM parameters. For improving the efficiency of IPMSM, an analysis of its different design factors is focused. In this study, efficiency improvement is achieved by optimizing stator slot featuring, and rotor parts designing. The corresponding results are reported. The complete operational analysis has been conducted in ANSYS Maxwell and MATLAB environment. Here total excitation of the motor highly depends on the magnetic material used in the rotor part of the motor.

TilinGNN

We introduce the first neural optimization framework to solve a classical instance of the tiling problem. Namely, we seek a non-periodic tiling of an arbitrary 2D shape using one or more types of tiles---the tiles maximally fill the shape's interior without overlaps or holes. To start, we reformulate tiling as a graph problem by modeling candidate tile locations in the target shape as graph nodes and connectivity between tile locations as edges. Further, we build a graph convolutional neural network , coined TilinGNN, to progressively propagate and aggregate features over graph edges and predict tile placements. TilinGNN is trained by maximizing the tiling coverage on target shapes, while avoiding overlaps and holes between the tiles. Importantly, our network is self-supervised , as we articulate these criteria as loss terms defined on the network outputs, without the need of ground-truth tiling solutions. After training, the runtime of TilinGNN is roughly linear to the number of candidate tile locations, significantly outperforming traditional combinatorial search. We conducted various experiments on a variety of shapes to showcase the speed and versatility of TilinGNN. We also present comparisons to alternative methods and manual solutions, robustness analysis, and ablation studies to demonstrate the quality of our approach.

ИСТОРИЯ ИСКУССТВА ОФОРМЛЕНИЯ МУЗЫКАЛЬНЫХ КЛУБОВ И ТАПИССЕРИЯ В ДИЗАЙНЕ ИНТЕРЬЕРА КУЛЬТУРНОГО ЦЕНТРА

The paper displays the history of the emergence and development of music clubs in Tsarist Russia in the 18th and 19th centuries and the post-revolutionary period of the clubs' existence in Soviet Russia, examines the artwork of carpet makers (artist of tapestry, according to the accepted international terminology) who shape interior design of the concert halls, and provides an integral description of the concert hall in culture as a unity of the concert venue and a specific concert space. Owing to a significant historical event — the entry of Crimea and Sevastopol into the Russian Federation, the carpet becomes a means of self-identification for the people. In our time, the relevance and viability of tapestry is proved by the experience of modern architects, who do not abandon this type of creativity that has a thousand-year tradition and successfully use it in the interiors of modern architecture aiming to create a positive image. The involvement of cultural elements into modern the art is extremely relevant. Having entered the Russian legal and economic space, Crimea is at the same time included into the cultural area of Russia. A group of Russian artists, musicians, writers and environmentalists came up with the idea of creating a universal, multifunctional, innovative, cultural center of the new time in Crimea. The paper represents an attempt to give a comprehensive analysis of the activities of artists engaged in creating carpets and interiors of music clubs, in particular, clubs in the Crimea, in Yalta.

Strong 3D Printing by TPMS Injection.

3D printed objects are rapidly becoming prevalent in science, technology and daily life. An important question is how to obtain strong and durable 3D models using standard printing techniques. This question is often translated to computing smartly designed interior structures that provide strong support and yield resistant 3D models. In this paper we suggest a combination between 3D printing and material injection to achieve strong 3D printed objects. We utilize triply periodic minimal surfaces (TPMS) to define novel interior support structures. TPMS are closed form and can be computed in a simple and straightforward manner. Since TPMS are smooth and connected, we utilize them to define channels that adequately distribute injected materials in the shape interior. To account for weak regions, TPMS channels are locally optimized according to the shape stress field. After the object is printed, we simply inject the TPMS channels with materials that solidify and yield a strong inner structure that supports the shape. Our method allows injecting a wide range of materials in an object interior in a fast and easy manner. Results demonstrate the efficiency of strong printing by combining 3D printing and injection together.

Brachiopods classification based on fusion of contour and region based descriptors

In this paper, we propose a contour-region based shape descriptor for Brachiopods classification by using a combinations of Fourier descriptors and R-transform extracted from Radon transform. Fourier descriptors is supported by the well-developed and well-understood Fourier theory and are a powerful features for the recognition of two-dimensional connected shapes. We used the stable and complete Fourier descriptors proposed by Ghorbel to present the contour information. To depict shape interior content we used the R-transform. It is advantages lies in its low computational complexity and geometric invariance. We compared the proposed descriptor with curvature scale space, R-transform and Ghorbel descriptors using city block distance measure and our Brachiopods database. We present the experimental results to reveal the performance of the proposed descriptor which is independent on the starting points and efficient.

General interval approach for encoding words into interval type-2 fuzzy sets based on normal distribution and free parameter

The enhanced interval approach (EIA) is one of the most important approaches for constructing interval type-2 fuzzy set (IT2 FS) from data intervals that are collected from a survey. However, the uniform distribution used in EIA is rough. And the shape (Left-shoulder, Right-shoulder or Interior) of the fuzzy set (FS) affects the value of the membership function (MF) of the final IT2 FS a lot. To guarantee that the final IT2 FSs are consistent with fuzzistics characteristic of the original data and improve robustness, this paper proposes a normal distribution associated with free parameter (FP) as the supplement of uniform distribution in the data part of EIA. Furthermore, a general frame for encoding words from data intervals, called general interval approach (GIA), is built. GIA includes a data part, fuzzy set (FS) part and footprint of uncertainty (FOU) part. The data part maps data intervals to probability distributions, in which normal distribution with FP and uniform distribution are included. The FS part encodes the probability distributions produced by the data part to fuzzy MFs. Gaussian MF is discussed, and the parameter transformation table is obtained. In the FOU part, the FOU of IT2 FS is built by collecting the obtained T1 FSs. The way to construct a Gaussian FOU is, for the first time, proposed in this paper. The validity of GIA is verified by experiments. Compared with EIA, the IT2 FSs built by GIA can keep the statistic characteristic of the original data intervals in the greatest degree and improve the robustness owing to the FP.

Multidimensional brain activity dictated by winner-take-all mechanisms

A novel demon-based architecture is introduced to elucidate brain functions such as pattern recognition during human perception and mental interpretation of visual scenes. Starting from the topological concepts of invariance and persistence, we introduce a Selfridge pandemonium variant of brain activity that takes into account a novel feature, namely, demons that recognize short straight-line segments, curved lines and scene shapes, such as shape interior, density and texture. Low-level representations of objects can be mapped to higher-level views (our mental interpretations): a series of transformations can be gradually applied to a pattern in a visual scene, without affecting its invariant properties. This makes it possible to construct a symbolic multi-dimensional representation of the environment. These representations can be projected continuously to an object that we have seen and continue to see, thanks to the mapping from shapes in our memory to shapes in Euclidean space. Although perceived shapes are 3-dimensional (plus time), the evaluation of shape features (volume, color, contour, closeness, texture, and so on) leads to n-dimensional brain landscapes. Here we discuss the advantages of our parallel, hierarchical model in pattern recognition, computer vision and biological nervous system’s evolution.

Design and Flux-Weakening Control of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicles

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) provide a competitive technology for EV traction drives owing to their high power density and high efficiency. In this paper, three types of interior PMSMs with different PM arrangements are modeled by the finite element method (FEM). For a given amount of permanent magnet materials, the V shape interior PMSM is found better than the U-shape and the conventional rotor topologies for EV traction drives. Then the V shape interior PMSM is further analyzed with the effects of stator slot opening and the permanent magnet pole chamfering on cogging torque and output torque performance. A vector-controlled flux-weakening method is developed and simulated in matlab to expand the motor speed range for EV drive system. The results show good dynamic and steady-state performance with a capability of expanding speed up to 4 times of the rated. A prototype of the V shape interior PMSM is also manufactured and tested to validate the numerical models built by the finite element method.

Shape interior modeling and mass property optimization using ray-reps

We present a novel method for the modeling and optimization of the material distribution inside 3D shapes, such that their 3D printed replicas satisfy prescribed constraints regarding mass properties. In particular, we introduce an extension of ray-representation to shape interior modeling, and prove this parametrization covers the optimal interior regarding static and rotational stability criteria. This compact formulation thoroughly reduces the number of design variables compared to the general volumetric element-wise formulation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our reduced formulation for optimizing shapes that stably float in liquids or spin around a prescribed axis.

Simultaneous Reconstruction of Coefficients and Source Parameters in Elliptic Systems Modelled with Many Boundary Value Problems

In this work the inverse problem for determination of unknown parameters related to both intensities and support of sources and materials coefficients in second-order elliptic equations models is posed with over specification of data on the boundary. A discrepancy function based on difference of two mixed problems formulated by splitting the Cauchy data is introduced. This function controls the measured difference between the two solutions for the same set of Cauchy data. Parameters can be determined by minimization of this function under guess values. The concept of Calderón projector gap is introduced as a tool for checking the consistency of Cauchy data. Numerical implementations based on quadratic finite elements are presented in a two dimensional square (−1, +1) × (−1, +1) model with unknown source, conductivity, and absorption supported by an also unknown characteristic square shape interior domain. Since this minimization involves the iterative solution of a huge number of direct boundary value problems, the adoption of a non-differentiable minimization algorithm is recommended and the Nelder-Mead simplex method is used to search for optimal parameters.

The distance between shape centroids is less than a quarter of the shape perimeter

In this paper we consider the distance between the shape centroid computed from the shape interior points and the shape centroid computed from the shape boundary points. We show that the distance between those centroids is upper bounded by the quarter of the perimeter of the shape considered. The obtained upper bound is sharp and cannot be improved. Next, we introduce the shape centredness as a new shape descriptor which, informally speaking, should indicate to which degree a shape has a uniquely defined centre. By exploiting the result mentioned above, we give a formula for the computation of the shape centredness. Such a computed centredness is invariant with respect to translation, rotation and scaling transformations.

Robotic Delivery of Complex Radiation Volumes for Small Animal Research.

The Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP) is a novel and complete system capable of delivering multidirectional (focal), kilo-voltage radiation fields to targets in small animals under robotic control using cone-beam CT (CBCT) image guidance. The capability of the SARRP to deliver highly focused beams to multiple animal models provides new research opportunities that more realistically bridge laboratory research and clinical translation. This paper describes the design and operation of the SARRP for precise radiation delivery. Different delivery procedures are presented which enable the system to radiate through a series of points, representative of a complex shape. A particularly interesting case is shell dose irradiation, where the goal is to deliver a high dose of radiation to the shape surface, with minimal dose to the shape interior. The ability to deliver a dose shell allows mechanistic research of how a tumor interacts with its microenvironment to sustain its growth and lead to its resistance or recurrence.

Shape matching and modeling using skeletal context

Shape is a significant visual clue for human perception and shape models show considerable promise as a basis for extracting objects from images. This paper proposes a novel approach for shape matching and modeling using the symmetry characterization of shape interior and the spatial relationships of shape structures. Based on the representative skeletal features, we develop a mechanism to generate a coarse segment matching between different instances of an object. Additionally, the natural correspondence of skeletal branches to sequential segments along the shape curves is employed in the matching process to avoid false correspondences across different segments. Point matches within the corresponding segments are then obtained by solving a constrained assignment problem. The validation of the proposed approach is illustrated on various data sets in the presence of considerable deformation and occlusion and the results are compared with those of popular approaches. We also demonstrate the performance of our method on biological objects for shape modeling, showing better models than those obtained by the state-of-the-art shape modeling approaches.

2D shape deformation using nonlinear least squares optimization

This paper presents a novel 2D shape deformation algorithm based on nonlinear least squares optimization. The algorithm aims to preserve two local shape properties: the Laplacian coordinates of the boundary curve and the local area of the shape interior, which are together represented in a non-quadratic energy function. An iterative Gauss–Newton method is used to minimize this nonlinear energy function. The result is an interactive shape deformation system that can achieve physically plausible results that are difficult to achieve with previous linear least squares methods. In addition to this algorithm that preserves local shape properties, we also introduce a scheme to preserve the global area of the shape, which is useful for deforming incompressible objects.

Modelling with Three Types of Coons Bodies

This article discusses the mathematical concepts of multivariate parametric solids and their description by B-spline basis functions. Parametric solids can model both the shape and unisotropic interior. Three types of parametric solids, Coons body of types 0, 1, and 2, are used to demonstrate the interior modelling often used as initial or boundary conditions in numerical simulation. Multiple parametric solid elements can be joined together to form a complicated shape. Continuity between elements can be defined as in B-spline modelling. The proposed methodology and modelling technique is applied to a metamorphosis of two given 3-D shapes.