Shanidar Neandertals Research Articles

Frontal bone morphometrics of southwest Asian Pleistocene hominids

Morphometric relationships among late middle and early late Pleistocene fossil hominids from southwestern Asia are examined utilizing multivariate analyses of frontal bones. Particular emphasis is placed on assessing the interaction of size and shape factors in determining relationships among these specimens. Results of these analyses can be summarized in five points. First, techniques which maximize pattern recognition based primarily on shape factors provide the most reliable information pertinent to phylogenetic relationships among these hominids. Second, the Zuttiyeh specimen does not exhibit a greater similarity to the early “modern” Skhu¯l/Qafzeh hominids than to Levantine Neandertals. Third, the Shanidar Neandertals do not cluster closely with Levantine archaic humans. Fourth, the Mousterian-associated Skhu¯l/Qafzeh hominids exhibit distinct similarities to archaic humans, but the Skhu¯l hominids give no unequivocal indication of being “hybrids” between the Qafzeh people and Neandertals. Finally, clear patterns of change occur in frontal bone morphology from the early “modern” (Mousterian-associated) Skhu¯l/Qafzeh hominids to early Upper Paleolithic-associated humans from the Levant.

Reply to Kennedy's Review of the Shanidar Neandertals

American AnthropologistVolume 87, Issue 3 p. 664-665 Free Access Reply to Kennedy's Review of The Shanidar Neandertals Erik Trinkaus, Erik Trinkaus Department of Anthropology University of New MexicoSearch for more papers by this author Erik Trinkaus, Erik Trinkaus Department of Anthropology University of New MexicoSearch for more papers by this author First published: September 1985 https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1985.87.3.02a00180AboutPDF ToolsExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. REFERENCES CITED Trinkaus, E. 1983 The Shanidar Neandertals. New York: Academic Press. Volume87, Issue3September 1985Pages 664-665 ReferencesRelatedInformation

Hominids from Iraq: The Shanidar Neandertals . Erik Trinkaus. Academic Press, New York, 1983. xxvi, 502 pp., illus. $47.50.

Hominids from Iraq: <i>The Shanidar Neandertals</i> . Erik Trinkaus. Academic Press, New York, 1983. xxvi, 502 pp., illus. $47.50.

Trauma among the Shanidar Neandertals.

Four of the adult Neandertals from Shanidar Cave, Iraq, Shanidar 1, 3, 4, and 5, show evidence of antemortem trauma. Shanidar 1 sustained injuries to the right frontal squama, the left lateral orbit, the right humerus and right fifth metatarsal. Associated with this trauma are hypoplasia or atrophy of the right clavicle, scapula, and humerus, osteomyelitis of the right clavicle, degenerative joint disease at the right knee, ankle, and first tarsometatarsal joint, and remodeling of the left tibia. Shanidar 3 experienced trauma-related degenerative joint disease at the right talocrural and talocalcaneal joints and sustained a penetrating wound across the left ninth rib. Shanidar 4 suffered a fracture of the right seventh or eighth rib, and Shanidar 5 had a scalp wound over the left frontal. A high frequency of antemortem trauma associated with the survival of the injured individuals appears to have been characteristic of the Neandertals.

The Shanidar 3 Neandertal

AbstractThe Shanidar 3 Neandertal partial skeleton preserves four teeth, major portions of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, ribs, clavicles, scapulae, humeri, hand bones, innominate bones, and foot bones, plus fragments of the ulnae, radii, femora, tibiae, and fibulae. Their morphology aligns Shanidar 3 closely with the other Shanidar Neandertals and the European and Near Eastern Neandertals. This is apparent especially in the dentition, scapulae, hand bones, and pubic bones.