Shanghai Expo Research Articles

The Acrylic Spike Design of British Pavilion, 2010 EXPO

Innovative architectural acrylic spike application leads to a great challenge for structural engineers for the structural design of Shanghai Expo British pavilion. A set of mechanical properties has been proposed to provide a reference for the application of acrylic material in structure design area. The wind tunnel, fatigue and creep tests and research for acrylic spike were carried out to determine the wind load effect of spike and ensure that the spikes are not damaged under fatigue and creep effects during 1.5 years service period.

Optimal Layout of Pipe Network of District Cooling System in Shanghai EXPO Park

The layout of district cooling pipeline network is a typical combinational optimization problem. Taking the minimum annual total cost of pipeline network as the optimization target, this article applied the single parent genetic algorithm in optimum arrangement of aqueous cooling system pipe network of the First Energy Station in Shanghai Expo Park, which has given a scheme of arrangement with minimum tentative investment and operation cost to provide basis for scheme assessment and decision-making. The study shows that the application can provide not only many optimal arrangements for pipe network which has the same refrigeration station to make basis for scheme assessment and decision-making, but also the basis for choosing the best position of refrigeration station.

Analysis on Excavation Procedure in Large Soft Soil Foundation Pit of Shanghai Expo Axis

On the basis of the large soft soil foundation pit of Shanghai Expo axis and the Section 1 of underground complex project, this paper proposes the appropriate excavation procedure according to the results obtained by using centrifuge model tests and time hardening creep model, which uses ANSYS to compute foundation pit deformation caused by different excavation timeline, sequence and longitudinal excavation width of remained berm. The results of numerical calculation were approximately close to the horizontal displacement of the underground diaphragm wall measured both on site and from centrifuge model tests, so numerical calculation could well reflect the deformation behavior of excavation. The study also showed that more than 80% of underground diaphragm wall deformation caused by soil creep occurred within 60 days after the remained berm being excavated. In order to decrease the deformation, it would be useful to conduct plate structures as soon as the remained berm started being excavated. Remained berm and middle plate had good control over underground diaphragm wall deformation. When the remained berm was excavated by jumpily digging method, it would be advisable to firstly excavate the vicinity of underground diaphragm wall where there were no required protected objects nearby. The longitudinal excavation width of remained berm was proposed to be 20 meters in the north part and 30 meters in the south part.

The research and application of spray cooling technology in Shanghai Expo

Abstract In this paper, the weather data (issued by the China Meteorological Administration) of typical year and highest temperature typical year are adopted to predict and analyze the effect of applying spray cooling technology to 2010 World Expo in Shanghai. The experimental results from Japan are considered as the grounds of argument for effectiveness of spray cooling, namely when temperature is above 30 °C and relative humidity is below 70%, the decrease of 1–2 °C can be gained after high-pressure spray cooling. By analyzing the weather data of 1840 h during the Expo, the results show that，for typical year and highest temperature typical year, the effective time for spray cooling are predicted to be 173–426 h. The meteorological monitoring data during the Expo show that the actual effective time for spray cooling are 387 h. The actual climatic characteristics in 2010 are extremely close to the adopted weather data of highest temperature typical year. Meanwhile, the WBGT index during the Expo is predicted and analyzed in this paper. After applying the spray cooling technology to a residential pavilion in Shanghai, the cooling effect and pressure and flow characteristics of spraying system are demonstrated in this paper. Conclusion can be drawn from the experimental results that when ambient temperature is 35 °C and relative humidity is about 45%, the air temperature of each measuring point can be reduced by 5–7 °C at most. The relative humidity in most regions is below 70%. Furthermore, the spray cooling efficiency of spraying area can be up to 65% and the partial spray cooling efficiency can reach 80% at most. The COP of high-pressure spray system is over 30 when water pressure is greater than 5.5 Mpa. Besides, the WBGT of each measuring point in spraying area can be reduced by 3.5–5.2 °C. In July 2010, the two experimental results of spray cooling in the Expo Axis show that when ambient temperature is 34–40 °C and relative humidity is 32–55%, the air temperature can be reduced by 6–12 °C at most within the range of 1 m from spray column, and by 1.5–4 °C on average within the range of 3 m, by 0.5–1.5 °C at least within the range of 7 m. The research and experiments indicate that the spray cooling technology applied during Shanghai Expo is very effective.

Applying Modular Greening Technology in Living Walls of Shanghai Expo

The living wall of theme pavilion of Shanghai Expo was enrolled in World Record Association for its 5,000 m2area. The wall with modular design concept was also a symbol of energy-saving. This study took Shanghai Expo as a case to explore the modular greening technology including theory analysis, design factor and cooling effect. The technology has the following virtues: Environment-friendly idea of recycled waster paper pulp, reused litter and other organic waste; economy concept of collecting rain, holding water and nutrient in medium and tolerating extensive management; integrity medium formula; modular suitable to plant upward growth; applicable for district of hot summer and cold winter, Plum rain and typhoons. After victory exhibition of the World Expo, living wall will further popularize in compact metropolitans.

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell system diagnosis based on the signed directed graph method

The fuel-cell powered bus is becoming the favored choice for electric vehicles because of its extended driving range, zero emissions, and high energy conversion efficiency when compared with battery-operated electric vehicles. In China, a demonstration program for the fuel cell bus fleet operated at the Beijing Olympics in 2008 and the Shanghai Expo in 2010. It is necessary to develop comprehensive proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) diagnostic tools to increase the reliability of these systems. It is especially critical for fuel-cell city buses serving large numbers of passengers using public transportation. This paper presents a diagnostic analysis and implementation study based on the signed directed graph (SDG) method for the fuel-cell system. This diagnostic system was successfully implemented in the fuel-cell bus fleet at the Shanghai Expo in 2010.

Volunteers as the ‘new’ model citizens: Governing citizens through soft power

Voluntary services and the word ‘volunteer’ have been discursively highlighted as something ‘new’ in China in the last few years. The large number of volunteers involved in relief work following the 5/12 Sichuan earthquakes, in the Beijing Olympics in 2008, and in the 2010 Shanghai Expo are examples of this yet understudied phenomenon. This article aims to examine volunteerism and its close relationship with the production of model citizens. It attempts to shed light on how China uses soft power — through appeal and attraction — in its governing strategies. Informed by Foucault’s work on governmentality, this article aims to show how promotional strategies and training materials pertaining to volunteering programmes acted as governing strategies that invoked and produced specific power relationships through which the state governed its citizens. Taking the Beijing Olympic volunteer programme as a case to examine how a new model citizenry is produced, I trace three discourses: dream and glory, hosting a great Olympics, and not to ‘lose face’. These discourses shape citizens’ everyday lives; they help volunteers internalize and embody the ideal of a model citizen, and as such they are part of the organized practices through which subjects are governed in China.

Radial Electromagnetic Force Wave Analysis of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Vehicle

In this paper, Radial Electromagnetic Force Wave, which causes the magnetic noise of the permanent magnet synchronous motor used in the electric vehicles of the Shanghai Expo, is studied by programming with ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). The magnetic properties such as magnetic induction, magnetic field, magnetic flux density between the stator and the rotor are researched at no load and three-phase voltage load. Then all of the data is combined with Maxwell’s equations to calculate the space distribution and time distribution of radial electromagnetic force wave. Finally, it is made a main conclusion that main frequencies of radial electromagnetic force wave at the 3-phase voltage load are 200*k Hz (k=1, 2, 3…) and the corresponding levels are 3*k (k=1, 2, 3…).What’s more, it is also concluded that the radial electromagnetic force wave gain at Level 9 and 600 Hz reaches the peak.

The Hyperstationary State: Five Walks in Search of the Future in Shanghai

Shanghai is invariably used in film sets and popular discourse as an image of the future. But what sort of future can be found here? Is it a qualitative or quantitative advance? Is there any trace in the landscape of China’s officially still-Communist ideology? Has the city become so contradictory as to be all-but unreadable? Contemporary Shanghai is often read as a purely capitalist spectacle, with the interruption between the colonial metropolis of the interwar years and the commercial megalopolis of today barely thought about. A sort of super-NEP has now visibly created one of the world’s most visually capitalist cities, at least in its neon-lit night-time appearance and its skyline of competing pinnacles. Yet this seeming contradiction is invariably effaced, smoothed over in the reigning notion of the ’harmonious society’.
 This essay is a series of beginners’ impressions of the city’s architecture, so it is deeply tentative, but it finds hints of various non-capitalist built forms – particularly a concomitance with Soviet Socialist Realist architecture of the 1950s. It finds at the same time a dramatic cityscape of primitive accumulation, with extreme juxtapositions between the pre-1990s city and the present. Finally, in an excursion to the 2010 Shanghai Expo, we find two attempts to revive the language of a more egalitarian urban politics; in the Venezuelan Pavilion, an unashamed exercise in ’21st century socialism’; and in the ’Future Cities Pavilion’, which balances a wildly contradictory series of possible futures, alternately fossil fuel-driven and ecological, egalitarian and neoliberal, as if they could all happen at the same time.

American Students’ Experience with Sustainability in Shanghai Expo 2010

American Students’ Experience with Sustainability in Shanghai Expo 2010

Design and operation of the hydrogen supply chain for fuel-cell vehicles in Expo Shanghai 2010

During the Expo Shanghai 2010, 196 fuel-cell vehicles (FCVs) were used to transport visitors in and around the Expo Site. To ensure a reliable fuel supply to these FCVs, a well-designed hydrogen supply chain was established, including an industrial by-product hydrogen purification facility, two fixed hydrogen refueling stations and two mobile hydrogen refueling stations. This paper describes the design of this hydrogen supply chain. The experiences, learnings and quantitative findings from the operation of this hydrogen infrastructure are also presented. In general, the hydrogen supply chain performed well in terms of hydrogen quality and the stations availability. The fact that the FCVs were refueled over 20000 times without major incidents can clearly be seen as a success.

Experimental and Theoretical Analysis on the Load Capacity of the Membrane Structure

In this paper, the representative local part of the membrane roof in 2010 Shanghai EXPO central axis is chosen to carry out the full-size experiment. First, the mechanical properties of PTFE coated fabrics are studied according to the biaxial stress-strain curves under five stress-ratios. The ultimate capacity of single-layer model and double-layer model are got by piling sandbags. The numerical simulations are presented to compare with the experiment data. Results show the material strength, joint strength, and tension protocols agree well with the design. The failure of two models can be considered as material failure. The ultimate capacity of double-layer model is about 1.8 times the single-layer one. The differences between experiment data and numerical simulation are large, because the constitutive relationship used in numerical calculation differs with the practice.

Tubular structures in China: state of the art and applications

Tubular structures have been widely used in China owing to their excellent structural performance and attractive appearance, along with the rapid economic development and great events including the 2008 Beijing Olympics and the 2010 Shanghai EXPO. This paper presents the state of the art and applications of tubular structures in China in recent years. Apart from bridges, tubular structures are also commonly seen in spatial structures, high-rise buildings and transmission towers. Applications of tubular structures in these landmark buildings, such as the National Stadium ‘Bird's Nest' and the National Aquatics Center ‘Water Cube' are illustrated, focusing on the specific characteristics of each tubular structure. With the booming usage of tubular structures, considerable experiment-based research has been carried out in China. The latest developments of research on tubular joints in China are reviewed, along with the practical applications. Emphasis is placed on the static strength, non-rigid behaviour and seismic performance of special tubular joints. Based on results obtained from both research and practical applications, Chinese technical specifications for the design of tubular structures are established and also briefly introduced.

Application of Meta-synthesis Method in Project Management of Large-scale Complex Projects

Complexity theory and Meta-synthesis method are respectively the fundamental theory and methodology of engineering management of large-scale complex projects. Overall Project Management, an innovative model designed for 2010 Shanghai World Expo, acts as the carrier of Meta-synthesis method. Based on the analysis of complexity of Expo projects and the root causes, this article elaborates the background to the introduction of Overall Project Management in Expo projects and its positioning, significance, organization, implementation and service contents. Keywords: Meta-synthesis, Large-scale complex projects, Overall project management, Shanghai Expo

Mechanical properties of PTFE coated fabrics

This article presents the mechanical properties of PTFE coated fabrics used in Central axis roof of Shanghai Expo. First, groups of off-axial and biaxial tensile tests are carried out, and the failure mechanism and strength criterion are studied. Then, on-axial samples are tested under different strain rates, and the relationship between strain rates, tensile strength, and strain at break are determined. Finally, the effects of temperature on mechanical properties are studied. Results show that PTFE coated fabrics are typically orthotropic and its strength can be predicted by the Tsai—Hill strength criterion. The tensile strength and strain at break show linear with the strain rate’s logarithm. The temperature has little effect on the mechanical properties and the temperature reduction factor is proposed for the design and analysis.

China-ASEAN Relations, October 2009 to March 2010: Chronology of Events

China-ASEAN Relations, October 2010 to March 2011: Chronology of Events Weng Cuifen As a research institute based in Singapore, the EAI monitors developments in relations and interactions between China and the individual countries of Southeast Asia as well as the ASEAN grouping as a whole. This material is presented in the form of (1) a chronology of events, and (2) important documents — the Editors October 2010 4th Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao attends the 8th Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM 8) Summit in Brussels to exchange views on ways to recover from and prevent financial crises. Wen Jiabao presents a brief account of the achievements made since the ASEM 7 Summit convened in Beijing two years ago, particularly the economic and financial recovery made by ASEM partners. He also proposes some recommendations to the ASEM 8 leaders. 12th At the first ASEAN Defence Ministers’ Meeting Plus (ADMM Plus) in Hanoi with the defence ministers from the 10 member states and eight of ASEAN’s dialogue partners, Chinese National Defence Minister General Liang Guanglie says, “China is positive and open to regional security cooperation and supports ASEAN centrality” in the ADMM Plus mechanism. General Liang recommends that the new forum promote mutual understanding and trust to consolidate the political foundation for regional security cooperation, and to move ahead with practical cooperation. [End Page 353] 21st The 7th China-ASEAN Expo opens in Nanning, Guangxi. Themed “CAFTA and New Opportunities”, this expo is the first one after the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area agreement came into effect on 1 January 2010. Deputy Director General Jia Guoyong of the Trade Development Bureau of Ministry of Commerce of China reports that the annual expo has been instrumental in boosting the economies between ASEAN and China. 29th At the 13th ASEAN-China Summit, the ASEAN leaders and Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao agree to a Joint Statement on Sustainable Development, with a view to sustaining economic growth and promoting trade and investment linkages, social development, poverty reduction and environmental protection. The joint statement substantiates the ASEAN Leaders’ Statement on Sustained Recovery and Development which was adopted at the 16th ASEAN Summit in April 2010. The ASEAN leaders meet the three East Asian state leaders from Japan, the Republic of Korea and China at the ASEAN Plus Three Summit, where they voice their accord for the Luang Prabang Joint Declaration on ASEAN Plus Three Civil Service Cooperation. The declaration was adopted just before the ASEAN Plus Three Summit takes place, by the heads of the ASEAN Conference on Civil Service Matters Plus Three, during their meeting in Luang Prabang, Lao PDR. 31st The 2010 Shanghai Expo is declared officially closed by the Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao in Shanghai. The ASEAN member states participate in the expo and the Summit Forum preceding the closing ceremony. S. Pushpanathan, Deputy Secretary-General of ASEAN for the ASEAN Economic Com-munity, says, “There was no better platform for ASEAN to reach out to 70 million Chinese visitors at one go than at the Shanghai Expo”. ASEAN is one of the 13 international organisations in the International Organisations Joint Pavilion. November 2010 12th Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva, during his trip to Guangzhou to attend the opening ceremony of the 16th Asian Games, meets with Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao. Wen says that China has become the biggest export partner and second-largest trading partner of Thailand, and the two countries should use the platform of the China-ASEAN free trade area to increase bilateral trade exchanges. The ASEAN-China Air Transport Agreement is signed at the 9th ASEAN and China Transport Ministers Meeting. The member states of ASEAN agree to allow designated ASEAN airlines to fly from any city with an international airport in its region to any city in China with an international airport, and vice versa with full third and fourth freedom traffic rights. [End Page 354] 14th At the invitation of Singapore’s Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong, China’s Vice-President Xi Jinping arrives in Singapore for a three-day official visit. After a meeting with Singapore’s then Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, Xi and Lee attend the unveiling ceremony by the Singapore River bank of the monument...

The study of Comparative study about Shanghai Expo - The point of Korea and Italy pavilion -

일반 대중의 계몽을 그 주된 목적으로 하는 세계박람회에서는 문명의 욕구를 충족시키기 위하여 인간이 활용할 수 있는 수단을 전시할 수 있고 또한 특정 분야 또는 제반 분야에서 인류의 노력으로 성취된 발전상을 전시하거나 미래에 대한 비전을 제시할 수 있다. 즉, 세계박람회는 인류가 이룩한 문명의 발전 성과를 특정한 주제에 맞추어 한자리에 비교, 전시함으로써 이전까지 축적한 인류 사회의 지식과 기술을 함께 나누고 다가오는 미래에 대한 비전을 제시하고 새로운 인류 문명을 창조해 가는 경제, 문화 분야의 종합 올림픽이라 할 수 있다. <BR> 이러한 인류의 대축제인 엑스포에서 특히 최대 규모로 진행하고는 상해 엑스포에 전시된 한국과 이태리와의 전시관의 문화적, 주제별, 표현기술, 시공기법 등의 공통점과 차이점을 분석, 고찰함으로써 문화적, 역사적 공통점을 찾아내고 한국의 문화를 알리는 차기 엑스포에 발전적 모습으로 표현되기 위한 연구 자료로 제시되기를 기대한다.<BR>

Research on nonrepresentation as shown in Shanghai Expo - Focusing on European pavilions-

후기 구조주의 철학자들이 근대 문명을 인간중심주의라고 비판하고 표상 개념을 우선적으로 해체하려고 하면서 등장하게 된 표상의 해체 즉 탈기능, 탈중심, 탈상식, 탈형식, 탈표현, 탈장르, 중첩, 움직임 등이 특징인 ‘비표상’이 현대 문명의 키워드로 등장하였다. <BR> 이러한 비표상 담론은 철학, 미학, 과학, 예술을 포괄하여 폭넓게 연구되고 있고 특히 현대건축에서 디지털 건축설계기술과 모델링, 첨단공업 등의 발전을 토대로 기상천외한, 의외성의 비표상 건축물이 창작되고 있다. <BR> 이 논문은 이러한 현대 문명사적 시대정신을 반영하여 중국 상하이 EXPO에 나타난 국가전시관에서의 비표상성을 연구, 분석하였다. 그 중에서 서구의 현대건축문화를 주도하는 유럽전시관(영국, 독일, 프랑스, 이태리, 스페인)에 나타난 비표상성을 고찰함으로써 보다 첨단적이며 차별화된 현대 전시관 디자인의 방향성을 타진하고자 한다.<BR>

Avatar-based Intelligent Navigation for Online Shanghai Expo

Shanghai Expo 2010 is an international event which will demonstrate the scientific, economic and cultural advance of the exhibiting countries. The local government launches a project named on-line Shanghai Expo in order to make the event accessible to people through Internet. Virtual reality technologies, especial intelligent virtual environment (IVE), are exploited to support the Expo. IVE, based on semantic, is the integration of Virtual Environment and Artificial Intelligence. It can improve the interaction between avatar and the virtual world by giving the objects in the environment semantic information. In this paper we employ intelligent virtual environment to build a virtual environment of realistic behavior and intelligent navigation.

Life-cycle Environmental Friendly Construction of A Large Scale Project: A Case Study

Environmental friendly construction is one of the key tasks for the construction professionals. Large projects, which have great environmental and social impact, should act as the models of environmental friendly construction. In this paper, the authors have concluded some measures which are taken to promote positive impact of the World Expo Shanghai 2010 on environment and human health. The findings of this case study can be referred by construction professionals when conduction large scale projects.