Shanghai University Research Articles

The versions of Shiguzhai Hui Ju Jian Bian Dan Fang by Wu Mianxue

Shiguzhai Hui Ju Jian Bian Dan Fang, was the only medical book for prescription and formula collected and compiled by Wu Mianxue in the period of the Wanli in the Ming Dynasty (1573-1620). It had seven volumes in total with six of them popular at that time. The volumes contained 1,460 folk formula and clinical prescriptions which were divided into 111 categories based on their corresponding symptoms of diseases. The set was issued in the beginning of the 17th century, with only three subsets of the volumes left in China today. The three remained versions were the subset of volumes 4-5 left in the Ming Dynasty in the Medical College of Tianjin, the subset of volumes 1-2 and 6-7, with preface, left in the seventeenth of the Shun Zhi Period in the Qing Dynasty (1660) in the Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine and the subset of volumes 4 and 6-7 from time unknown. Additionally, three unabridged versions were found in the Cabinet Library of the National Archives of Japan. They were the Ming version with preface of the seventeenth of the Shun Zhi Period in the Qing Dynasty and a hand-copied version left in the Edo period. It was found that the preface in the seventeenth of the Shun Zhi Period in the Qing Dynasty in both of these versions in China as well as the version in Japan, were counterfeit. The main texts in these versions were edited according to the Ming version. The hand-copied version in Japan was transcribed by Kasahara Eisan and edited by Tanba Motoken according to the Ming version in the late Edo Period.

The Broad Prospects of the Cooperation in the Filial Piety of Family between Confucianism and Christianity

This is a dialogue between Paulos Huang (Professor at Shanghai University) and Xianglong Zhang on the cooperation in the Filial Piety of Family between Confucianism and Christianity. It includes the following issues: How has Professor Lin HE influenced Zhang to study philosophy? Zhang’s study on Phenomenology and Daoism in USA. How has Zhang changed his study focus from Phenomenology into Chinese traditions after he returned to China from USA? The cooperation potentiality between Confucianism and Christianity on the filial piety of family. How has Amish in Pennsylvania influenced Zhang to promote similar Confucian special zone in China? The aim of education to study so as to become a real human being in Confucianism and Finland.

Calling for the Third Enlightenment through a Dialogue on Modernity, Liberalism and the Revival of Guoxue

On 31 October 2018, Paul Huang of Shanghai University and Professor Huang Yusheng of Tsinghua University had an academic dialogue. They recalled and reflected on the "Second Enlightenment" in China that began in 1978. Then they reflected on the Absoluteness, modernity and freedom in Chinese context from the perspective of comparative Chinese and Western philosophy. By a review of their academic research, they exchanged ideas on current hot topics in Chinese philosophical research, how the development of Chinese philosophy in the context of globalization can be adapted to Chinese society. Issues of temporality, freedom, individual subjectivity and the Absolute are discussed in the context of modernity, liberalism and the revival of Chinese classical studies. The two scholars call for attention to Luther and the advent of the Third Enlightenment as a way of rectifying the flaws left by the beheading of Western and Eastern philosophical thought. In particular, they suggest that the absoluteness of truth should be protected by sorting out the distinction between anthropology and theology within Western studies.

The Moderating Role of Sociability and Social Connection for the Relationship between Soccer Participation and Teamwork Ability among Chinese College Students

In order to provide empirical evidence for soccer's promotion of teamwork ability and to examine whether sociability and social connection have an effect on this promotion, we explored the relationship between soccer participation (volume, duration), teamwork ability and sociability and social connection (SSC). Using the method of stratified sampling, a questionnaire survey was carried out in four universities in Shanghai. All the respondents are undergraduate students, which include the specially recruited soccer athletes and the soccer participants from ordinary college students. The findings from this study indicate that participating in soccer can positively predict the teamwork ability of college students, and SSC can negatively moderate the effect of soccer participation on teamwork ability. The effect of soccer participation on teamwork ability was different in the collegiate soccer athletes and collegiate soccer participants groups. An important value of soccer, which is often overlooked, is the help it provides college students, who have insufficient sociability and social connections, in better integrating into the team and in improving their teamwork ability. We highly recommend that college students participate in soccer to improve their teamwork skills in study and work and to better prepare for their careers.

Association between Sleep and Suicidal Ideation in Chinese Undergraduate Students

Suicide is an important global public health issue, which deserves more attention. This study aims to examine the relative independent relationship between suicide ideation and subjective sleep quality, sleep hygiene, and insomnia symptoms in undergraduate students in China. This population-based study included 2379 undergraduate students aged 18-26, randomly recruited from three public universities in Shanghai. The participants completed four questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; Sleep Hygiene Practice Scale; Insomnia Severity Index; and the Symptom Checklist 90 (specifically the depression and anxiety dimensions and Q15-suicide ideation). The results of Spearman's correlation analysis indicate that poor sleep quality, short sleep duration, poor sleep hygiene, and insomnia symptoms were all associated with suicidal ideation in undergraduate students. However, according to the results of the hierarchical linear regression, no experience of sharing a bedroom at home, poor relationship with roommates, short sleep duration, sleep medicine use, and good daytime function were related to suicidal ideation, after controlling for the symptoms of depression and anxiety, which may be important in the identification of suicidal ideation. Sleep problems are highly discoverable and modifiable, and have a low sense of shame, therefore, sleep interventions for individuals with suicidal ideation and poor sleep quality may be an efficient and effective approach to suicide prevention.

Mini-film advertising The impact of brand cues and loneliness

Mini-film advertising has grown in popularity through viral internet videos. Despite its prevalence, little is known about how combining brand information with storylines might impact on the advert’s effectiveness. Research by Dr Lydia Qianqian Li from Shanghai University, China, highlights the importance of brand cue placement and audience characteristics such as loneliness when developing mini-film … Mini-film advertising The impact of brand cues and loneliness Read More »

Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial for the synergizing effects of rTMS and Tui Na on upper limb motor function and cortical activity in ischemic stroke.

Upper limb motor dysfunction after stroke is a serious threat to the living quality of patients and their families. Recovery of upper limb motor function after stroke largely relies on the activation and remodeling of neural circuits. rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) has been proved to promote the reconstruction of neural synapses and neural circuits. However, there are still a large number of patients who cannot fully recover and leave behind varying degrees of dysfunction. Considering the systemic pathology after stroke, in addition to focal brain injury, stroke can also cause extensive dysfunction of peripheral organs. The rehabilitation strategy for stroke should combine the treatment of primary brain lesions with the intervention of secondary systemic damage. The aim of this trial is to verify the efficacy of rTMS synergize with Tui Na (Chinese Massage) on upper limb motor function after ischemic stroke, and to explore the mechanism of activation and remodeling of sensorimotor neural circuits with functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Ninety patients will be randomly assigned to either rTMS + Tui Na + conventional rehabilitation group (the experimental group) or rTMS + conventional rehabilitation group (the control group) in 1:1 ratio. Intervention is conducted five sessions a week, with a total of twenty sessions. The primary outcome is Fugl-Meyer Assessment, and the secondary outcomes include Muscle Strength, Modified Ashworth Assessment, Modified Barthel Index Assessment, motor evoked potentials and functional near-infrared spectroscopy. There are four time points for the evaluation, including baseline, 2 weeks and 4 weeks after the start of treatment, and 4 weeks after the end of treatment. This study is a randomized controlled trial. This study was approved by Institutional Ethics Committee of Shanghai Third Rehabilitation Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (approval No. SH3RH-2021-EC-012) on December, 16th, 2021. The protocol was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200056266), on February 3th, 2022. Patient recruitment was initiated on February 10th, 2022, and the study will be continued until December 2023.

Test reliability and comparability of paper and Chinese electronic version of the western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index: protocol for a randomised controlled clinical trial

IntroductionThe Western Ontario and McMaster University osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) is the most commonly used indicator of disease-specific outcome in knee osteoarthritis for its convenience and reliability. It has two formats...

Understanding the complexity of provincial-level elite sport policy change: The case of Shanghai municipality.

The analysis of elite sport policy changes at the provincial level remains relatively uncharted territory despite the substantial contributions of provincial-level elite sport to national elite sport success. Data were gathered from semistructured face-to-face interviews and official and semiofficial documents. The key findings were that (1) Guangdong, as a provincial compatriot of Shanghai, has made tremendous efforts and obtained notable achievements in professional football and thus serves as a powerful stimulant for policy reform regarding elite sports in Shanghai; (2) the policy stream has been strengthened by knowledge-based (epistemic) communities at the Shanghai University of Sports that can examine cause and effect relationships and further propose specific policies; and (3) the general director of the Shanghai Administration of Sports plays a central role in advocating for policy proposals. The current research offers practical insights into strategies for reviewing policy trajectories to enhance policy design and implementation.

Research agendas and organizational commitment among academics in mainland China.

This research pioneered the investigation of the statistically predictive power of academics’ research agendas for their organizational commitment—beyond age, gender, academic rank, and academic discipline. Three hundred and thirty-two academics from nine research-oriented comprehensive universities in Zhejiang province and Shanghai, mainland China, responded to the Multi-Dimensional Research Agendas Inventory-12 Items (MDRAI-12) and the Organizational Commitment Inventory. Three main findings were obtained. First, the MDRAI-12 was confirmed to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing the research agendas of academics in mainland China. Second, both academics’ research agendas and their organizational commitment varied as a function of demographics. Third and most importantly, when age, gender, academic rank, and academic discipline were put under control, three of the four trailblazing research agendas (scientific ambition, collaboration, and discovery) predicted the three adaptive organizational commitments (affective, normative, and ideal), whereas the two cohesive research agendas (convergence and conservative) chiefly contributed to the two maladaptive organizational commitments (economic and choice). These findings have shed new light on the literature concerning research agendas and that on organizational commitment. At the same time, the findings have practical implications for university academics and senior managers in their respective efforts to promote innovative research and adaptive organizational commitment among academics.

Association study between the KCNE family gene polymorphisms of potassium channel gene and the susceptibility of atrial fibrillation

Objective: To investigate the relationship between KCNE family gene polymorphisms of potassium channel gene and the susceptibility of atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods: In the case-control study, a total of 648 subjects were studied, of which 338 patients with atrial fibrillation were selected from the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Putuo Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2019 to December 2019, and 310 healthy people were selected from the physical examination population during the same period. DNA sequencing technology and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to detect the genotype and allele frequency of rs1805127 of KCNE1, rs9984281 of KCNE2, rs9516, rs626930 of KCNE3 and rs12621643 of KCNE4. Results: The ages of subjects in atrial fibrillation group and control group were (69±13) and (73±8) years, respectively (P=0.077). Men subjects accounted for 57.70% (195 men) and 40.00% (124 men) in the two groups, respectively (P=0.092). The distribution frequencies of the allele C at rs1805127 of gene KCNE1, the allele A at rs9984281 of gene KCNE2 and the allele G at rs12621643 of gene KCNE4 were significantly different between groups (P<0.05). After adjustment for sex, smoking, hypertension, cardiac insufficiency and other factors, it was found that the increase in the frequency of the above three loci would increase the risk of atrial fibrillation (rs1805127 OR=7.064, 95%CI:1.559-31.997; rs9984281 OR=4.210, 95%CI:1.118-15.850; rs12621643 OR=2.679, 95%CI:1.025-6.998). Conclusion: The rs1805127 of KCNE1, the rs9984281 of KCNE2,the rs12621643 of KCNE4 were significantly associated with the susceptibility to atrial fibrillation.

Effect of TEAS combined with general anesthesia on early postoperative cognitive function in elderly patients undergoing single-port thoracoscopic lobectomy.

To investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on early cognitive function in elderly patients after single port thoracoscopic lobectomy. One hundred and nine patients who underwent single whole thoracoscopic lobectomy in Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2020 to October 2021 were included in this single-center, retrospective observational study. According to the treatment records, before anesthesia, 56 patients received TEAS (TEAS-group), and 53 patients applied electrodes at the same acupoint without electrical stimulation (control-group). Preoperative and postoperative cognitive function (Mini mental state examination, MMSE score), serum neuron specific enolase (NSE), S100β protein and p-tau protein levels and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. After operation, the MMSE of the TEAS-group was significantly better than that of the Control-group, with the MMSE of the TEAS-group returned to the preoperative level 72 hours after operation. Serum NSE, S100β and p-tau concentrations 24 hours and 72 hours after operation in the TEAS-group returned to their preoperative level and were significantly lower than those in the control-group. Hospitalization time of the TEAS-group was significantly shorter and hospitalization expenses were significantly lower comparing to the control-group. TEAS treatment could promote improved early postoperative cognitive function of elderly patients undergoing single port thoracoscopic lobectomy and could accelerate the recovery.

Physical activity and mental health in sports university students during the COVID-19 school confinement in Shanghai.

BackgroundIn 2022, Shanghai was seriously affected by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The government implemented citywide static management for 2 months, as well as all universities in Shanghai, which changed the normal learning and living style of sports students and led to a decline in physical activity level. As the physical activity has a strong correlation with mental health, this study aimed to investigate the current state of physical activity (PA) and mental health of the students in Shanghai University of Sport. It will try to reveal the correlation between PA and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, fear of COVID-19 and smartphone addiction.MethodsA cross-sectional survey was conducted on a random sample of 400 students who came from six different majors in May 2022 at the Shanghai University of Sport. Respondents completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form (IPAQ-SF), the Chinese version of the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Chinese version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Chinese version of the COVID-19 Fear Scale (FCV- 19S), and the Smartphone Addiction Scale (SAS-SV). Demographics, PA, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, fear of COVID-19, and smartphone addiction were compared. A binary logistic regression model was used for the further analysis.ResultsA total of 376 college students were included in the final analysis. Binary logistics analysis showed that moderate physical activity (MPA) was negatively correlated with depression (OR = 0.95, 95%CI = 0.93–0.98), anxiety (OR = 0.97, 95%CI = 0.95–0.99), fear of COVID 19(OR = 0.99, 95%CI = 0.98–0.99)and smartphone addiction (OR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.9–0.98) (all P < 0.05). Sedentary behavior was positively correlated with smartphone addiction (OR = 1.01, P < 0.01, 95%CI = 1.001–1.004).ConclusionThere was an association between the presence of MPA and depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, fear of COVID-19, smartphone addiction, and sedentary behavior associated with smartphone addiction levels. Clarifying the causal relationship between PA and mental health will require further research.

A tale of two cities: the education and experiences of two ICJ judges in China and America

Abstract This article draws upon multi-archival research to rediscover the experiences and research of Judges VK Wellington Koo and Shi Jiuyong at St John’s University in Shanghai and Columbia University in New York City. The former was the first Chinese person to be elected Vice President of the International Court of Justice while the latter became the first Chinese person to helm the Court. It aims to offer crucial insights into the making of these two eminent international judges from China and their perceptions of international law. More importantly, it sheds light on the movement of people—missionaries, law professors and diplomats—and the circulation of their ideas as drivers of the expansion of international law. This article strives to examine these understudied major figures to make the legal history of international dispute settlement more geographically and racially inclusive.

Effects of resistance training combined with balance training on physical function among older adults: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial

IntroductionThe world’s population is ageing. Age-related declines in physical function negatively affect the quality of life but may be ameliorated by certain types of exercise. The purpose of this study...

Evaluation and analysis of anxiety and depression symptoms for college students during COVID-19 pandemic

BackgroundThe mental health of students is affected by COVID-19. We aim to evaluate the anxiety and depression symptoms among college students during COVID-19 pandemic, analyze the influence factors that contribute to college students’ anxiety and depression symptoms, and provide some suggestions for improving the mental health of college students.MethodsWith 179 college students participating, an online questionnaire consisting of a general questionnaire, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) was conducted in universities in Shanghai. The anxiety and depression symptoms among college students were evaluated using GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales, and influence factors were analyzed using an unordered multi-class Logistic regression model.ResultsThe reliability and validity of the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales were good (reliability ≥ 0.9, validity = 100%). The incidence of anxiety was 32.4%, of which were 23.5%, 8.4%, and 0.6% in mild, moderate, and severe, respectively; and the incidence of depression was 46.40%, of which in mild, moderate, moderate to severe, and severe were 28.5%, 10.1%, 7.3%, and 0.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that male students with strong psychological quality, who were not easily affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, who received less negative or false information, and who had a strong grasp of psychology and related knowledge were less likely to suffer from mild or moderate anxiety symptoms [OR (95% CI) 0.18 (0.04, 0.81), 0.12 (0.05, 0.33), 0.23 (0.06, 0.89) and 0.07 (0.01, 0.74)]. Furthermore, college students who were not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic were less likely to suffer from mild, moderate, and moderate to severe depression symptoms [OR (95% CI) 0.23 (0.08, 0.65), 0.22 (0.05, 0.93), 0.10 (0.02, 0.54)].ConclusionThe GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales are suitable for evaluating anxiety and depression symptoms in college students. The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with a high incidence of anxiety and depression symptoms among college students, although gender and mental state fluctuations during the pandemic, negative and false information, and exposure to psychology and related courses were the main influencing factors.

Research on the Implementation Dilemma and Breakthrough of Ideological and Political Curriculum in Colleges and Universities

Moral education is the fundamental task of education, and ideological and political course is the key course to implement this task. However, it is not enough to rely on a single course, so some universities in Shanghai put forward the concept of ideological and political course. On the basis of adhering to the traditional ideological and political courses as the core, ideological and political education is infiltrated into other courses, so as to realize the whole course and all-round education. At present, colleges and universities carry out ideological and political curriculum, and have achieved some results, but there are also some problems in the implementation process. Colleges and universities need to sort out and analyze the problems and work out a plan to break through the dilemma, so as to truly realize the educational function of ideological and political curriculum.

Impact of improved stroke green channel process on the delay of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute cerebral infarction during the COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study.

ObjectiveThis study analyzed the impact of the improved stroke green channel process on the delay of intravenous thrombolysis in patients with acute cerebral infarction under coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) prevention and control measures.MethodsWe included 57 patients from the stroke center of the Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine before the improvement of the stroke green channel process (March–July 2019), as well as 94 patients during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak (March–July 2020) and 68 patients during the Omicron variant outbreak (March–July 2022) after the improvement of stroke green channel process. The door-to-needle time (DNT), door-to-imaging time (DIT), and door-to-test completion time were compared among the three groups. We analyzed the impact of this process improvement in the emergency green channel during the pandemic on the delay of intravenous thrombolysis.ResultsThis study included a total of 229 patients with acute cerebral infarction who went through the green channel for intravenous thrombolysis (57 in the pre-pandemic group, 94 in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak group, and 68 in the Omicron outbreak group). The percentages of patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis in the pre-pandemic, SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, and Omicron outbreak groups differed significantly (19.32%, 22.27%, and 28.94%, respectively, P = 0.029). Compared to the pre-pandemic group, the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score at admission was significantly higher in the Omicron outbreak group (7.71 ± 7.36 in the Omicron outbreak group vs. 5.00 ± 4.52 in the pre-pandemic group) (P = 0.026) but not in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak group (4.79 ± 5.94 in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak group vs. 5.00 ± 4.52 in the pre-pandemic group, P = 0.970). Significantly higher proportions of patients undergoing emergency intravenous thrombolysis came to the hospital by ambulance in the SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron outbreak groups compared to the pre-pandemic group (38.6% in the pre-pandemic group, 51.1% in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak group, and 82.4% in the Omicron outbreak group, P < 0.001). Compared to the pre-pandemic group, the DIT was significantly higher in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak group (22.42 ± 7.62 min in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak group vs. 18.91 ± 8.23 min in the pre-pandemic group, P =0.031) but not the Omicron outbreak group (20.35 ± 10.38 min in the Omicron outbreak group vs. 18.91 ± 8.23 min in the pre-pandemic group, P = 0.543). The door-to-test completion time was significantly longer in the SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron outbreak groups compared to that in the pre-pandemic group (78.37 ± 25.17 min in the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak group, 92.60 ± 25.82 min in the Omicron outbreak group vs. 65.11 ± 22.35 min in the pre-pandemic group, P < 0.001); however, the DNT in the SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron outbreak groups did not differ significantly from those in the pre-pandemic group (both P > 0.05).ConclusionDuring the two periods of the COVID-19 outbreak (SARS-CoV-2 and Omicron), after the improvement of the green channel for intravenous thrombolysis, there might be some delay in in-hospital DIT during the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, however, the in-hospital delay indicator DNT for intravenous thrombolysis were not affected.

Prevalence of cervicovaginal human papillomavirus infection and genotype distribution in Shanghai, China

BackgroundThe evaluation of human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence rate dynamics and genotype distribution could support the adoption of more targeted prevention and treatment of cervical cancer. We aimed to assess the infection status and genotype characteristics of HPV among gynecological outpatients in Shanghai, China.MethodsClinical specimens were collected from patients attending gynaecological department of the Putuo Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, between January 2015 and December 2019. The cervicovaginal infection of 17 high-risk genotypes and 10 low-risk genotypes were analyzed by Luminex-based multiple assays.ResultsThe overall HPV infection rate was 18.81% (95% CI 18.31–19.30%) in Shanghai city, with high-risk, low-risk and mixed high- and low-risk HPV prevalence being 11.65% (95% CI 11.24–12.06%), 4.19% (95% CI 3.94–4.44%) and 2.96% (95% CI 2.74–3.17%), respectively. The five most prevalent high-risk genotypes were HPV-52 (2.95%), HPV-16 (2.34%), HPV-58 (2.07%), HPV-53 (1.67%) and HPV-39 (1.36%). The most common low-risk genotype was HPV-61 (1.52%), followed by HPV-6 (1.29%) and HPV-81 (1.19%). Moreover, the coverage of HPV genotype by nonavalent vaccine was 10.42%, and non-vaccine-covered high-risk genotype was 7.70%. The 15–24 years age group demonstrated the highest HPV prevalence (43.14%), and significant differences were observed among different age groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study revealed the HPV prevalence and genotype distribution among women in Shanghai city, which could serve as guidance for HPV vaccination and preventative strategies against cervical cancer in this area.

Safety and efficacy of low-dose and long-course tirofiban in large hemispheric infarction.

BackgroundThe clinical efficacy and safety of tirofiban in the treatment of large hemispheric infarction (LHI) remain controversial.MethodsThis study prospectively enrolled patients with acute LHI who were admitted to Putuo Hospital affiliated with Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from June 2021 to December 2021. The patients were randomly assigned to the tirofiban group [3–4 μg/(kg·h)] or control group (clopidogrel 75 mg/d).ResultsA total of 71 patients with acute LHI were selected: 36 in the tirofiban group and 35 in the control group. The reduction of the NIHSS score in the tirofiban group was 2.92 ± 9.31 at discharge, and that of the control group was −3.23 ± 12.06 (p = 0.021, OR, 0.006; 95% CI, 0.004–0.008). Six patients (16.7%) in tirofiban group and 14 patients (40%) in control group died during hospitalization (p = 0.029, OR, 0.300; 95% CI, 0.099–0.908). There was significant difference in Modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 5–6 scores at 90 days between the two groups (p = 0.023, OR, 0.327; 95% CI, 0.124–0.867). However, there was no significant difference in mRS 0–1 (p = 0.321, OR, 0.972; 95% CI, 0.920–1.027), mRS 2 (p = 0.572, OR, 2.00; 95% CI, 0.173–23.109), mRS 3 (p = 0.225, OR, 2.214; 95% CI, 0.601–8.161), or mRS 4(p = 0.284, OR, 1.859; 95% CI, 0.593–5.825) scores between the two groups. There was no difference in symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (p = 0.29, OR, 0.305; 95% CI, 0.030–3.081), asymptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (p = 0.123, OR, 0.284; 95% CI, 0.053–1.518). There was a significant difference in systemic bleeding events during hospitalization (p = 0.044, OR, 0.309; 95% CI, 0.096–1.000).ConclusionsLow-dose and long-course tirofiban treatment may significantly improve the early neurological function and reduce the in-hospital mortality in LHI patients. Meanwhile, tirofiban does not increase the risk of any type of bleeding events.