Shangdong Province Research Articles

A new agaricoid species of Porotheleum (Porotheleaceae, Agaricales) from Shandong Province, China

Porotheleum microsporum, a new agaricoid species of the genus Porotheleum (Porotheleaceae, Agaricales), was found growing on the live bark of Salix babylonica in Quancheng Park (Ji’nan City, Shangdong Province, China). This discovery, a testament to our rigorous research, is described and illustrated based on morphological, molecular, and ecological evidence. Our phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 with the 5.8S rDNA (ITS) and the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU) support the inclusion of this new species in the genus Porotheleum as it forms an independent clade in the phylogenetic tree. Morphologically, P. microsporum differs from any known species by combining a pale-yellow pileus with an ochre-yellow center and relatively small basidiospores.

Effect of neighbourhood greenness on the association between air pollution and risk of stroke first onset: A case-crossover study in shandong province, China.

Higher neighbourhood greenness is associated with beneficial health outcomes, and short-term exposure to air pollution is associated with an elevated risk of stroke onset. However, little is known about their interactions. Daily data on stroke first onset were collected from 20 counties in Shangdong Province, China, from 2013 to 2019. The enhanced vegetation index (EVI) and concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) were calculated for each individual at the village or community level based on their home address to measure their neighbourhood exposure to greenness and air pollution. EVI was categorised as low or high, and a time-stratified case-crossover design was used to estimate the percent excess risk (ER%) of stroke associated with short-term exposure to air pollution. We further stratified greenness on the basis of EVI values into quartiles and introduced interaction terms between air pollutant concentrations and the median EVI values of the quartiles to assess the effect of greenness on the associations between short-term exposure and stroke. Individuals living in the high-greenness areas had weaker associations between total stroke risk and exposure to NO2 (low greenness: ER%=1.765% [95% CI 1.205%-2.328%]; high greenness: ER%=0.368% [95% CI -0.252% to 0.991%]; P=0.001), O3 (low greenness: 0.476% [95% CI 0.246%-0.706%]; high greenness: ER%=0.085% [95% CI -0.156% to 0.327%]; P=0.011), and SO2 (low greenness: 0.632% [95% CI 0.138%-1.129%]; high greenness: ER%=-0.177% [95% CI -0.782% to 0.431%]; P=0.035). Residence in areas with higher greenness was related to weaker associations between air pollution and stroke risk, suggesting that effectively planning green spaces can improve public health.

Pseudomyopia as an independent risk factor for myopia onset: a prospective cohort study among school-aged children

AimTo investigate whether pseudomyopia is an independent risk factor for myopia onset based on a population-based cohort study.MethodsNon-myopic children were recruited from schools in rural and urban settings of Shangdong...

A new species of Mutinus (Phallaceae, Phallales) from Shandong Province, China

A new species, Mutinus taishanensis (Phallaceae, Phallales, Basidiomycota), was found growing in a forest of Phyllostachys flexuosa and Quercus palustris in Zhulin Temple, Mount Tai Scenic Area (Tai’an City, Shangdong Province, China). It is described as new based on morphological, molecular and ecological evidence. Our phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the large subunit of nuclear ribosomal DNA (LSU), subunit 6 of ATP synthase (atp6) and the second largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) support the inclusion of this new species in the genus Mutinus as it forms an independent clade in the phylogenetic tree. Morphologically, M. taishanensis differs from any known species by the combination of light red to red pseudostipe, red conical fertile portion (covering about 1/4–1/5 of the total length of pseudostipe), and relatively small basidiospores. We present this new species with illustrated morphological description. phylogeny and comparison with morphologically similar or phylogenetically related species.

Characteristics and depressive symptoms among self-reported HIV infection through heterosexual transmission men who have sex with men

Objective: To understand the characteristics and depressive status of men who have sex with men (MSM) who self-reported HIV infection through heterosexual transmission and to provide evidence for personalized management of HIV infected people. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in Shandong province from September to December in 2019. Male HIV patients aged ≥15 years who self-reported HIV infection through heterosexual transmission were selected to verify the route of infection by one-to-one interview in Ji'nan, Qingdao, Weifang and Linyi cities of Shangdong province. According to the 1∶1 ratio, local HIV patients with age difference ≤3 years who self-reported MSM were selected as controls. A questionnaire survey was conducted, including data on demographic characteristics, behavior status, CES-D and PSSS. The related factors of the depressive symptoms and characteristics were analyzed. Results: A total of 373 male HIV patients were interviewed, and 39.7%(148/373) were confirmed as MSM after reexamination. The interviewers were: aged (40.3±12.0) years old, 41.9% (62/148) married/cohabiting. 27.0% (40/148) had been tested before HIV diagnosis, 71.6% (106/148) had homosexual partners ≥2 and 55.4% (82/148) had depressive symptom. Multivariate analysis showed that the MSM without HIV testings before diagnosis, had homosexual partners ≥2 before diagnosis, had first homosexual behavior at the age >30 years old and with depressive symptoms were more likely to conceal the true infection route. The incidence of depression among MSM who self-reported HIV infection through heterosexual transmission was related to physical health status social support and occupational stability. Conclusions: Some male HIV persons self-reported as being heterosexually transmitted were really transmitted through homosexual behavior. There were high-risk behaviors such as multiple partners and intersex among this group, and with high incidence of depression. It is necessary to encourage the reexamination program during follow-up and target on psychological and behavioral interventions, continuously.

Health-Related Quality of Life and Utility Scores of Posttreatment Patients with Gastric Cancer at Different Pathological Stages: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is a key variable in the evaluation of health economics. We aimed to evaluate the HRQoL and utility scores of patients with gastric cancer and related precancerous lesions by assessing their quality of life using a single standardized health measurement instrument. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in six counties in Shangdong Province from November 2019 to March 2020. Subjects with precancerous lesions and gastric cancer (cardia and noncardia) were included and surveyed. Patients were divided into four groups: low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (LGIN), high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN), early gastric cancer (EGC), and advanced gastric cancer (AGC). All patients, except those with LGIN, received treatment. The five-level EQ-5D was used to assess HRQoL and generate utility scores using the Chinese-specific tariff published in 2017. Results The study included 566 respondents. The average utility was 0.927 for precancerous lesions (LGIN: 0.930; HGIN: 0.926), 0.906 for early gastric cancer (EGC), and 0.756 for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). Visual analogue scale (VAS) means were 76.82 (LGIN: 78.08; HGIN: 74.81), 72.26, and 69.16 for precancerous lesions, EGC, and AGC, respectively. HRQoL was lower in women with AGC than in men (0.612 vs. 0.792, P = 0.035). AGC patients were more likely to report problems across all five dimensions than patients in other stages. The proportion of patients reporting pain/discomfort problems was highest across all gastric cancer stages (LGIN, 35.6%; HGIN, 34.4%; EGC, 35.6%; and AGC, 55.7%), followed by anxiety/depression (LGIN, 17.5%; HGIN, 18%; EGC, 22.8%; and AGC, 47.7%). Conclusions HRQoL declined as cancer progressed, with the most dramatic decline observed in patients with AGC. A more advanced pathological stage was associated with a greater decrease in health utility. The obtained utilities for different pathological stages of gastric cancer were significant parameters for researchers to perform further cost-utility analysis. Pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression were problems that seriously affected the patients in all groups.

基于熵理论的山东省国家湿地公园管理绩效评价

量化评价管理绩效能为湿地公园管理措施的优化提供理论支持。选取山东省68个国家湿地公园作为研究对象，从自然环境、社会经济角度出发，选择植被覆盖率、废水排放量等8个指标构建指标体系。结合相关数据，基于熵理论定量评价国家级湿地公园的管理绩效。结果表明，（1）山东省整体总熵流为负（-0.3018），其中41个湿地公园为负熵流，系统趋于稳定，管理绩效提升；（2）正熵流主要来自废水排放量（0.0854±0.0434），负熵流则主要来自环保投入（-0.0802±0.0392）；（3）国民生产总值和熵流呈现负相关关系，而第一产业产值比重和第二产业产值比重均和熵流呈现正相关关系。综合经济发展和熵流评价结果，2个市的湿地公园面临高管理风险，其中菏泽市需要引起注意；山东省近海和海岸湿地的管理绩效较低，且面临高管理风险，应当优先制定、开展保护治理规划。;Quantitative assessment of management effectiveness is important to provide reliable theoretical support for improving management measures of wetland parks. In this research, we developed an evaluation workflow composited by 8 indicators such as socio-economic and environmental sustainable, and applied entropy theory into quantitative assessment of management effectiveness of 68 National Wetland Parks in Shandong Province. The results showed that (1) Total entropy flow of 68 National Wetland Parks in Shandong Province was -0.3018 and 41 out of 68 were negative, indicating the system tended to be stable and management effectiveness are increased. (2) Positive entropy flow mainly contributed by Effluent volume, while negative values mainly came from expenditure for environment protection. (3) Gross national product and entropy flow were negatively correlated, while the proportion of the primary and secondary industry GDP were positively correlated respectively. Based on economic development situation and entropy flow analysis, we concluded that two cities' management of National Wetland Parks were under high risk in Shangdong Province, especially Heze city. And there exists low effective and high-risk management in coastal wetlands in Shangdong Province, which needs local government's foresight conservation planning.

Scientificity of traditional commodity grade of Chinese medicinal materials--taking Lonicerae Japonicae Flos as example

Taking Lonicerae Japonicae Flos as an example, the method of "expert consensus of different regions" was used to screen the representative samples and evaluate their commodity grades. The correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) of "commodity grade-appearance characteristic-component content" were carried out to reveal the scientificity of traditional commodity grade of Chinese medicinal material. By referring to the existing literature and the grade investigation from the sample collection regions, 78 "initial grade" samples were screened out from 118 collected samples. Authoritative experts from four regions(n=4) including Linyi(Shangdong province), Bozhou(Anhui province), Anguo(Hebei province) and Beijing were organized to evaluate their commodity grades, separately. Based on the grade consistency rate(R_i≥70%), 69 "local grade" samples were screened out from the "initial grade" samples. Based on the average grade consistency rate ■ "authoritative grade" samples were screened out from the "local grade" samples, including15 first-grade samples, 9 second-grade samples, 11 third-grade samples and 17 fourth-grade samples. For these "authoritative grade" samples, the main appea-rance characteristics were quantified and the contents of 13 components were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography(UPLC). Furthermore, the total contents of 6 phenolic acids, 4 flavonoids and 3 iridoids were calculated, respectively. The results of correlation analysis showed that 4 appearance characteristics indices were correlated with the commodity grades: color, rate of yellow bars(including blooming flowers), rate of black heads(including black bars), and rate of stems and leaves(including bud debris). Five component content indices were correlated with the commodity grades: chlorogenic acid, isochlorogenic acid C, sweroside, loganin and the total contents of six phenolic acids. Furthermore, chlorogenic acid, loganin and the total contents of six phenolic acids showed significantly negative correlation with the main appearance characteristics, indicating that the appearance characteristics of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos can reflect its internal quality, and these 3 indices can be used as quality markers(Q-markers). The results of hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the samples of four grades were classified into four categories, and the samples with the same grades and the same categories accounted for 80.8% of the total samples, while the samples with the different grades were obviously classified into different categories. The results of PLS-DA analysis showed that the samples of different grades showed obvious intragroup aggregation and intergroup dispersion. The above results indicated that it was feasible to evaluate the traditional commodity grade of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos by the method of "expert consensus of different regions". For the evaluation of traditional commodity grade of Chinese medicinal material, the samples should be representative, expert conclusions should have enough consensuses, and grade determination should be authoritative. As the crystallization of clinical experience, traditional commodity grade can scientifically reflect the internal quality of Chinese medicinal material.

Effects of mineral trioxide aggregate and ethanolic extracts of Shandong propolis on the biological properties of human dental pulp fibroblasts

Objective To evaluate the effect of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and propolis from Shangdong province on the cell viability, mineralization and migration and anti-inflammatory ability of dental pulp fibroblasts. Methods The human dental pulp fibroblasts were cultured and subjected to 10 mg/L of propolis and 1:8 dilution of MTA extraction. The cell viability was evaluated with cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) after 1, 5, 7 and 9 days. The cells in the upper inserts and the test culture media on the bottoms of 24-well plates interacted for 15 hours. Then the numbers of cells migrated through the permeable membranes were compared. The cells seeded in the 24-well plates were incubated in osteogenic medium with different materials for 21 days and stained with alizarin red S, then photographed. To evaluate the deposition of calcified matrix, the wells were destained with 100 mmol/L cetylpyridinium chloride. Finally, the cells were exposed to 1 mg/L lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response, in the presence of propolis, MTA extraction. The cells were collected after 3 h, and the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Statistical analysis was performed by one-way ANOVA and nonparametric tests (P Results The cell viability of propolis group was significantly lower than those of MTA and control groups on days 5, 7 and 9, while MTA significantly increased the numbers of the viable cells on days 7 and 9. The migration cells of propolis group (26.67±2.52) were fewer than control group (61.33±4.93), and the cells of MTA group (80.00±2.65) were statistically more than those of the other two groups. The propolis group significantly induced more calcified matrix deposition than MTA group after 21 days of culture. Propolis significantly suppressed the expressions of IL-1β and IL-6 after LPS exposure compared with MTA and control groups. Conclusion The propolis from Shandong compared with MTA showed a certain degree of cytotoxicity, and had no significant effect on cell migration. On the other hand, propolis exhibited significant anti-inflammatory and mineralization promotion effect, suggesting that the active ingredients of propolis could be introduced as a supplement of pulp capping materials, or used as an irrigant or intracanal medicament due to its excellent anti-inflammatory effect. Propolis may have potential in vital pulp treatment of young permanent tooth suffering pulp inflammation.

Effects of buried oxide layer on working speed of SiGe heterojunction photo-transistor**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61604106, 61774012, and 61901010), the Beijing Future Chip Technology High Precision Innovation Center Research Fund, China (Grant No. KYJJ2016008), the Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation, China (Grant No. 4192014), and the Municipal Natural Science Foundation of Shangdong

The effects of buried oxide (BOX) layer on the capacitance of SiGe heterojunction photo-transistor (HPT), including the collector–substrate capacitance, the base–collector capacitance, and the base–emitter capacitance, are studied by using a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate as compared with the devices on native Si substrates. By introducing the BOX layer into Si-based SiGe HPT, the maximum photo-characteristic frequency ft,opt of SOI-based SiGe HPT reaches up to 24.51 GHz, which is 1.5 times higher than the value obtained from Si-based SiGe HPT. In addition, the maximum optical cut-off frequency fβ,opt, namely its 3-dB bandwidth, reaches up to 1.13 GHz, improved by 1.18 times. However, with the increase of optical power or collector current, this improvement on the frequency characteristic from BOX layer becomes less dominant as confirmed by reducing the 3-dB bandwidth of SOI-based SiGe HPT which approaches to the 3-dB bandwidth of Si-based SiGe HPT at higher injection conditions.

The correlation between post-traumatic growth and sleep quality among parents of children with epilepsy

Objective To explore the correlation between post-traumatic growth (PTG) and sleep quality among parents of children with epilepsy. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 191 parents of children with epilepsy were selected from Shangdong Province Third Hospital by convenience sampling method, the questionnaire included socio-demographic questionnaire, the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Results The score of PTGI and PSQI of parents of children with epilepsy were (28.63±10.85) and (5.97±3.72), respectively. The score of PTGI and PSQI in parents' health status with health, general, worse was (29.44±10.66), (25.28±11.26), (19.00±7.81) and (5.57±3.51), (7.23±3.53), (15.00±1.73), the difference was significant (F=3.07, 12.69, P<0.05 or 0.01). The score of PSQI in parents with or without major negative events was (8.50±4.16), (5.67±3.57), the difference was significant (t=-3.12, P<0.01). There was a negative correlation between PTGI and PSQI among parents of children with epilepsy (r=-0.159, P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the dimension of PTG appreciation life and the sleep quality of parents (B=0.455, P<0.01). Conclusions Parents with epilepsy have normal sleep quality, but at the same time have a certain level of PTG, and the level of PTG appreciated by parents is related to their sleep quality. Therefore, by promoting parents with epilepsy to actively appreciate life, it helps to alleviate their sleep problems. Key words: Children with epilepsy; Parents; Post-traumatic growth; Sleep quality; Related factors

Distribution of Trace Elements in Holocene Loess-paleosol Sequence and Environmental Change in Lower Reaches of The Yellow River

Based on field investigation, samples in loess-paleosol sequence profile were collected systematically at Longshan site in Shangdong province in lower reaches of The Yellow River. Trace elements(Mn, Cu, Ba, Ni, Pb, Rb, Sr, Ti, V and Zn) were measured and analyzed systematically by X-Ray and compared with climate substitution index(grain size, Rb/Sr, Ba/Sr). The results as follows:(1) According to the significant correlation between the content of Ti, Ba, Cu, Ni, V, Zn, Rb, Pb, Sr in the LS loess-soil sequence and the index of soil strength (soil grain size, Rb/Sr, Ba/Sr), it can be concluded that the migration and change of trace elements in Holocene period were mainly affected by the environmental evolution of this period. Mn is insensitive to climate change in this profile. The content of Pb in the surface layer of soil is the highest, which may be caused by human activities. (2) The contents of Ti, Ba, Cu, Ni, V, Zn and Rb in the paleosol( S0 ) were accumulated accompanied by the clay(< 5μm) increase while the coarse silt(10∼50μm) reduced, suggesting the intensified pedogenic modification to the accumulated dust when it was humid climate. It implied that the climate was warm and humid during the mid-Holocene optimum. (3) Content of Ti, Ba, Cu, Ni, V, Zn, Rb and clay(< 5μm)in loess layer (Lt, L1, L0) was lower and coarse silt (10-50μm) content was higher when compared with the paleosol layer (S0), suggesting that the intensity of soil formation was weak and aeolian sand activity was frequent. It further indicated that the paleoenvironment was cold and dry with frequent dust storms during the periods of loess formation.

Numerical simulation of tubular turbine applied in wave energy extraction

Overtopping wave energy convertor is becoming increasing popular with the advantages of high efficiency and good reliability. As the core of this type of wave energy extraction device, a shaft tubular turbine with the design head of 15m was optimization designed based on the wave condition somewhere in Shangdong province. Navier-Stokes equations and SIMPLEC algorithm were taken for the numerical simulation of the 3D steady turbulent flow field. By taking consideration of the hydraulic performance of various methods, the best blade airfoil, blade setting angle and guide vane axis were determined. The result shows that the tubular turbine after optimization design not only has the best hydraulic performance with the highest efficiency of 85.36% but also meets the requirement for smooth operation under wave condition. The tubular turbine designed for application in wave energy extraction by numerical simulation is able to supply support for the related research of this field.

The damage risk evaluation of Aphis gossypii on wheat by host shift and fitness comparison in wheat and cotton

Aphids are considered as one of the key pests for wheat production worldwide. Major aphid species that infest wheat in China include Sitobion avenae, Rhopalosiphum padi, Schizaphis graminum and Metopolophium dirhodum. However, during our wheat field survey in Wenshang County of Shangdong Province, China, we observed that Aphis gossypii can feed on wheat. The damage risk of A. gossypii on wheat was assessed using host shift method. A population of A. gossypii collected from a wheat field in 2015 and another population reared on cotton under laboratory conditions for a decade without exposure to insecticides were used in the study. The results of host shift demonstrated that the A. gossypii colony from wheat has not yet developed wheat specialization. Moreover, the assessment of A. gossypii fitness on wheat and cotton showed that fecundity and net reproductive rate of A. gossypii population fed on wheat was significantly higher comparing to the population fed on cotton, whether the initial host of A. gossypii population was wheat or cotton. This study raises a warning that the cotton aphid has potential to establish well on wheat and it may cause significant effects under specific circumstances. Therefore, future studies are required to evaluate the effects of A. gossypii on wheat production.

Drought-induced responses of organic osmolytes and proline metabolism during pre-flowering stage in leaves of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

AbstractPeanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), an improtant oil crop, usually encounters drought stress in the process of growth and development, especially at pre-flowering stage. In order to gain insight into the drought tolerance potentials based on osmolyte accumulation and metabolism of proline aspects of peanut, pot experiments were conducted with a split-plot design in Tai'an, Shangdong Province, China in 2013 and 2014. Pre-flowering drought (PFD) stress and optinum irrigation (control, CK) were served as the main plots and the two peanut cultivars Shanhua 11 and Hua 17 served as sub-plots. Shanhua 11 was drought-tolerant cultivar and Hua 17 was drought-sensitive. The content of soluble sugars, soluble protein, free proline and other free amino acids, the activities of enzymes involved in proline metabolism, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content and ion leakage were all investigated in the two cultivars at pre-flowering stage. Results showed that PFD stress significantly increased the levels of soluble protein, free proline and free amino acid, and increased Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P-5-CS, EC 2.7.2.11) activity in the leaves of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive cultivars. The activity of proline dehydrogenase (proDH) (EC 1.5.99.8) decreased under PFD stress in both cultivars. The leaves of the tolerant cultivar maintained higher increments of osmolyte levels, lower increments of MDA content and ion leakage, as well as a higher increased proportion of P-5-CS activity and higher inhibited proportion of proDH activity under water stress compared with the drought-sensitive cultivar. The study suggests that proline accumulation in peanut leaves under PFD can be explained by the higher enhanced activities of P-5-CS and higher inhibition of proDH. The results will provide useful information for genetic improvement of peanut under drought tolerance.

Health economic evaluation of a 23 value pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination pilot programme among elderly chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in China

Objective: From the perspective of health economics, to evaluate 23 pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination programme among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient. Methods: In the pilot counties of the project of integrated care pathway for COPD patient (Hanbin district of Hanzhong city in Shanxi Province, Qianjian district of Qingqing city, Huandao district of Qindao city in Shangdong Province, Wen county of Jiaozuo city in Henan Province), information of insurance participants of New Rural Cooperative Medical System (NRCS) was collected by local NRCM information system, which included general information as well as records of medical care and medical fee. Nonprobability sampling method was applied to select a total of 860 objects, who were over 60 years old with local household registration, hospitalized within one recent year due to COPD acute exacerbation, and without vaccination of 23 voluntary pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine within 3 years. A quasi-experimental design without control group was adopted. Objects were vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine from January to December in 2013, then were followed up from January in 2014 for one year. Data of effectiveness and medical cost was collected by self-designed questionnaire and <EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire >(Chinese version). Paired rank sum test applied to test the difference of quality of life, number and direct medical cost of treatment (including outpatient treatment and hospitalization) due to COPD acute exacerbation, one year before and after intervention. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and cost-benefit ratio (CBR) of the programme were calculated. Results: By January 2014, eight hundred sixty objects were vaccinated. By January 2015, seven hundred eighty eight objects were followed up, with 72 cases withdrawed (8.4%). On average, COPD patients reduced 1.12±2.51 treatments due to acute exacerbation, including 0.28±2.09 outpatient treatments and 0.85±1.15 hospitalizations. Total medical cost was saved by 3 610.21 per capita yuan, including outpatient cost of 241.41 yuan and hospitalization cost of 269.82 yuan; Quality of life was gained by 0.03 QALY gain per capita. The ICER was dominant and CBR was 12.00. Conclusion: COPD patients vaccinated with 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine within one year reduced treatments due to acute exacerbation. The vaccination was cost effective and cost saving , and we suggest the vaccine should be covered in the public health program or health insurance scheme in conditional region.

The Status research of ICU Nurses career situations of tertiary general hospital in Shangdong Province

Objective To understand the status quo of ICU nurses career situations and its influencing factors in Shandong province. Methods A total of 247 ICU nurses were investigated by questionnaires on career condition. Results The career condition score was 79.19±11.63. In addition, statistical significances were revealed by occupational career questionnaire of ICU nurses in different aspect of the scores with age, gender, working years in the ICU, access years to ICU nurses specialist, whether to participate in career training. The scores of career condition and career identity ICU nurses were different, the 40-years-older group was higher than 31-40 years group (P=0.007, P=0.005). The dimension scores of male nurses organizational commitment was higher than that of female nurses (P= 0.002). The scores of career condition whose ICU working life more than 16 years were higher than those of within 5 years (P=0.013). The career condition scores of the ICU nurses with access years of specialist qualifications 7 - 9 years was higher than those of within 3 years (P=0.011). Conclusions The career condition score of ICU clinical nurse specialists was at a medium level, it still needs to be further improved, managers should pay attention to the different levels of nurses to provide career training, in order to promote the professional development of critical care nurses. Key words: Specialist nurses; Career; Critical care; Investigation

Functions and clinical applications of frozen-thawed platelet without dimethyl sulfoxide elution

Objective To investigate the functions and feasibility of clinical applications of frozen-thawed platelet without dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) elution. Methods From January to December 2015, a total of 60 bags (200 mL/bag) of cryopreserved platelets which were prepared and saved by Dongying Central Blood Station of Shangdong Province were included into this study, by simple random sampling method. These 60 bags of cryopreserved platelets were thawed and included in thawed original platelet group (n=60). After mixing 10 mL platelet of thawed original platelet group with 30 mL fresh frozen-thawed plasma according to the volume ratio of 1∶3, the new gained ones were included into the mixed platelet group (n=60). And a total of fresh platelet which were collected by our blood station in the same period were included into control group (n=60). The quality of above-mentioned frozen-thawed platelets, fresh liquid platelets, and fresh frozen-thawed plasma met the relevant regulations in Quality Requirements for Whole Blood and Blood Components (GB18469-2012). A total of 150 patients who received frozen-thawed platelets without DMSO elution transfusion in the Second People′s Hospital of Dongying at the same period were randomly selected as blood transfusions reaction observation objects, by using simple random sampling method. Three groups of platelets were detected with thrombelastogram and coagulation time after recalcification, so as to compare the platelet coagulation function in each group. A retrospective analysis was carried out on the transfusion reactions of 150 patients after transfusion with frozen-thawed platelets without DMSO elution, and the platelet counts in peripheral blood were compared before and 1, 24, 48 and 72 h after transfusion, so as to analyze the clinical application of frozen-thawed platelets without DMSO elution. The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Board of Investigation in Human Being of the Second People′s Hospital of Dongying. Informed consent was obtained from all participants. Results ① Thrombelastography coagulation index (CI) of mixed platelet group was 2.5±0.2, which was higher than that of 1.0±0.1 in control group, and that of 0.9±0.2 in thawed original platelet group, and the differences were statistical significant (t=16.69, 23.02; P<0.05). ② The coagulation time after recalcification of mixed platelet group, thawed original platelet group and control group were (6.5±0.5), (9.0±0.75), (11.0±1.08) min, respectively. There was significant different of coagulation time after recalcification among these three groups (F=27.38, P<0.05). Compared with control group, the coagulation time after recalcification of platelet in thawed original platelet group was obviously shortened, and the difference was statistically significant (q=-7.38, P<0.05). Compared with control group and original platelet group, the coagulation time after recalcification of platelet in mixed platelet group was also obviously shortened, and the differences were statistically significant (q=-3.36, -2.29, P<0.05). ③ In this study, 150 patients were transfused with a total of 319 therapeutic dose of frozen-thawed platelet without DMSO elution, and no adverse transfusion reaction were found in them. Compared with pre-transfusion, the platelet count was increased by (7.6±1.1)×109/L of 48 h after transfusion, the increase value was lower than those of (16.3±2.5)×109/L and (13.5±2.5)×109/L at 1 and 24 h after the transfusion, and the differences were statistically significant (t=-24.87, -25.92, P<0.05). Conclusions The coagulation function of the mixture of frozen-thawed platelet without DMSO elution and fresh frozen-thawed plasma (the volume ratio of 1∶3) was significantly increased, its quick hemostasis effect was good. No adverse transfusion reaction was found of clinical transfusion of frozen-thawed platelet without DMSO elution, which could meet the need of acute hemostasis. Key words: Dimethyl sulfoxide; Blood preservation; Blood platelets; Plasma

An Internet-of-Things solution for food safety and quality control: A pilot project in China

Abstract Serval shaking-world food safety incidents happened in China recently shows that Chinese are facing with a serious problem of food safety, happened in China recently. Because food supplies are decentralized in many regions and agencies, it is very hard for the Chinese government to supervise these supplies’ businesses. Fortunately, with the help of the technologies of the Internet of Things, the food supplies can become more transparent and safer than before. Hence, on the basis of the Internet of Things, this paper introduces a pilot project in China: the Internet of Agricultural Things (AIoT for short), which integrates state-of-the-art technologies to provide a method to easily track and trace the supply processes of foods. So that, AIoT can counter the food safety problem. In AIoT, we leverage the enhanced technologies of service oriented architecture, global identification and parsing, and electronic pedigree. Especially, AIoT may fuse the sensed data from the supply chains of fresh vegetables to show an intuitive view for users, including end customers. These fusions may help the users make decisions more easily when they are buying foods or supervising the food supplies. In addition, we deploy AIoT in several application scenarios, including Lushang Ltd., the biggest food supplier in Shangdong Province. According to the deployment and evaluation of the whole platform, the enhanced technologies for the Internet of Agricultural Things are proved to be efficient and effective in improving the safety of food supplies.

Schrödinger Equation of a Particle on a Rotating Curved Surface**Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants Nos 11047020, 11404157, 11274166, 11275097, 11475085 and 11535005, and the Natural Science Foundation of Shangdong Province under Grants Nos ZR2012AM022 and ZR2011AM019.

We derive the Schrödinger equation of a particle constrained to move on a rotating curved surface S. Using the thin-layer quantization scheme to confine the particle on S, and with a proper choice of gauge transformation for the wave function, we obtain the well-known geometric potential Vg and an additive Coriolis-induced geometric potential in the co-rotational curvilinear coordinates. This novel effective potential, which is included in the surface Schrödinger equation and is coupled with the mean curvature of S, contains an imaginary part in the general case which gives rise to a non-Hermitian surface Hamiltonian. We find that the non-Hermitian term vanishes when S is a minimal surface or a revolution surface which is axially symmetric around the rolling axis.