Shallow Blocks Research Articles

Feasibility Study of Offshore Solar Energy Near the Coastal Area of Bangladesh

The sustainable development of a country is very much dependent on access to electricity. The shortage of power is one of the major barriers to the economic development of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is lacking in its fossil fuel reservation. The abundance of renewable energy sources in the form of solar energy (4-6.5 kWh/m²) provides opportunities for renewable energy systems in the offshore areas of Bangladesh. The offshore area of Bangladesh is mostly unused except for some natural gas exploration and fishing. The 200 nautical miles of Bangladesh from the coast is divided into several blocks and the number of shallow blocks is 11 which have areas from 4500-7700 square kilometers. The average depth of these blocks ranges from 20-200 meters deep. Bangladesh has a favorable geographical location to capture a good amount of solar energy. The proper utilization of this solar energy may reduce the country’s energy demand to a great extent as the land is scarce and reduced by 1% each year. Therefore, Bangladesh cannot afford to lose more lands to solar-based power plants. Bangladesh's government has already made a master plan to utilize abundant solar energy in different ways. There are about 4.13 million solar-home systems (SHS) have been installed under the government program by the year 2019. However, the surplus power from these small discrete power generations cannot be brought into the main grid due to their remote location and fluctuation in production. There are rooftop solar and solar mini-grid projects that facilitated the capacity of 3.07 MW and 5 MW, respectively. A capacity of 40 MW could also be touched by solar irrigation projects with more than 1515 pumps for serving the country’s rural people, and a solar-diesel hybrid solution program has been supporting the telecom operators. Bangladesh power development board (BPDB), and Infrastructure Development Company Limited (IDCOL) have been promoting numerous research-development solar projects to many governments and private universities to build a sustainable energy-equipped country. Here, SS-01 near the Hiron Point is considered where no grid power is available. The Hiron Point Public Base Station (HPPBS) is the gateway of Mongla Port. It’s necessary to provide electricity to the station for smooth port operation. This article is a window to look into the effectiveness of an offshore solar power plant.

Segmentation of Pulmonary Parenchyma from Pulmonary CT Based on ResU-Net++ Model

Pulmonary parenchyma segmentation is an important basic step in CT detection, which requires high accuracy and speed. According to the characteristics of lung structure, we present a method for segmenting CT images of lung parenchyma based on the ResU-net++ neural network model. The model preserves the deep feature parameters extracted from the residual blocks while paying attention to preserving the feature parameters obtained by transferring the shallow convolution blocks. The experimental results show that compared with U-net and U-net++ models, the lung parenchyma segmentation results using this method are more accurate, the accuracy of lung parenchyma edge identification is significantly improved, and it is more suitable for the diverse structures at both ends of the lung.

Attention-DPU: Dual-path UNet with an attention mechanism for ultrasound image segmentation

With the continuous advancement in computer vision, image segmentation has achieved fruitful results in many applications such as medical image processing. In recent years, UNet and Dual Path Network (DPN) have achieved promising results in medical image segmentation. UNet cannot effectively obtain new features and reuse features. Also, DPN cannot effectively transfer the contour information of shallow blocks to the subsequent deep blocks. This paper proposes a dual path U-shaped network with the attention mechanism (Attention-DPU); taking advantage of the two networks. In the proposed network, the ordinary convolutional layer is replaced by the micro block with a dual path. Also, the attention mechanism is adopted to improve the efficiency and accuracy of segmentation.

The Specific Features of the Geodynamic Settings in the Southeastern Part of the Magellan Seamounts, Pacific Ocean

Based on a detailed bathymetric map of the southeastern part of the Magellan Seamounts created using the results of multibeam echo sounding, a lineament analysis of the seafloor relief was performed, linear landforms were distinguished and their azimuths were measured, and a rose diagram was constructed showing the lineament direction in the area. Models of the deep and subsurface deformation fields of the area that identify blocks with predominant extension and compression stresses were constructed. The block motions occur along the lines of sign changes of the stresses (block boundaries). The directions of the block boundaries are compared with the lineament direction and a conclusion is made on their spatial and genetic relationship. The systems of directions of the linear landforms and the boundaries of deep and shallow blocks are partially consistent with four main systems of the global regmatic network, which indicates a significant influence of the latter on the structural plan of the area. The stress redistribution is related to modern geological processes that lead to the formation of new features of the seafloor relief and partial destruction of the old guyot surfaces.

An initialization strategy for addressing barren plateaus in parametrized quantum circuits

Parametrized quantum circuits initialized with random initial parameter values are characterized by barren plateaus where the gradient becomes exponentially small in the number of qubits. In this technical note we theoretically motivate and empirically validate an initialization strategy which can resolve the barren plateau problem for practical applications. The technique involves randomly selecting some of the initial parameter values, then choosing the remaining values so that the circuit is a sequence of shallow blocks that each evaluates to the identity. This initialization limits the effective depth of the circuits used to calculate the first parameter update so that they cannot be stuck in a barren plateau at the start of training. In turn, this makes some of the most compact ansätze usable in practice, which was not possible before even for rather basic problems. We show empirically that variational quantum eigensolvers and quantum neural networks initialized using this strategy can be trained using a gradient based method.

Geodynamic Features of the Northwestern Part of the Magellan Seamounts, Pacific Ocean

A lineament analysis of the sea-floor relief in the north-western part of the Magellan Seamounts has been performed on the basis of the detailed bathymetric map of the area, which was created based on the results of multibeam echo sounding. According to the analysis, linear features of the relief were identified, the bearings of their strikes were measured and rose-charts of the lineaments in the study area were produced. Next, models of deep and subsurface deformation fields in the area were constructed emphasizing the blocks that were dominated by tensile or compressive stress. Interrelated movements of the blocks take place along the lines of sign changes of the stresses (along the block boundaries). The spatial and genetic relationships of the lineaments of the relief and the block boundaries were suggested by comparing the rose-diagrams of their directions. Both the linear system of landforms and the boundaries of deep and shallow blocks partially correspond to the four main systems of regmatic global network, which indicates a significant influence of the regmatic network on the structural plan of the area. Redistribution of stress values in the blocks appears to be associated with modern geological processes leading to formation of new features of the seafloor topography and partial destruction of guyots’ old surfaces.

Deformation and mechanism of landslide influenced by the effects of reservoir water and rainfall, Three Gorges, China

Since the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir in June 2003, numerous preexisting landslides have been reactivated. This paper seeks to find the factors influencing landslide deformation and the relationship between displacement and fluctuation of the reservoir water level, while the displacement and the intensity of rainfall based on monitoring data; 6 years of monitoring were carried out on the Shiliushubao landslide, a old landslide, consisting of a deep-seated main block and two shallow blocks, with a volume of 1,180 × 104 m3 and located on the left bank of the Yangtze River, 66 km upstream of the Three Gorges dam. This landslide was reactivated by the impoundment and since then the landslide body has been experiencing persistent deformation with an observed maximum cumulative displacement of 8,598.5 mm up to December 2009. Based on the monitoring data, we analyzed the relationship between the fluctuation of the reservoir water level and displacement, rainfall and displacement, and found that the rainfall is the major factor influencing deformation for two shallow blocks and the displacement has a positive correlation with the variation of rainfall intensity. The fluctuation of the reservoir water level is the primary factor for main block, and the deformation rate has a negative correlation with the variation of reservoir water level, declined with the rise of the water level and increased with the drawdown of the water level.

Ultrasound-guided Regional Anesthesia

Approaches There are many approaches to regional blocks with ultrasound guidance. Here are some common techniques and some comments on their utility. Offline Markings. This means making skin markings based on ultrasound scans (but not imaging while the needle is placed). This method is limited by changes in patient position, skin mobility, elastic properties of soft tissue, distortion by local anesthetic injection and overall accuracy of the markings. Furthermore, although the required depth can be noted it is difficult to mark the anticipated angle of needle insertion. It is most commonly used today for spinal and epidural blocks. Online approaches (live realtime imaging while the needle is placed) are generally classified as either out-of-plane or in-plane. Out-of-plane (OOP). With this approach the needle tip crosses the plane of imaging as an echogenic dot. This approach is mostly used for shallow blocks and sometimes used for catheter insertion. The advantage is that the needle paths are short but one concern is that anatomic structures may be punctured outside the plane of imaging. In-plane (IP). With in-plane technique the entire shaft and needle tip are within the plane of imaging. This is an increasingly popular technique for regional blockade and provides the most direct form of guidance. The downsides are the longer needle paths and partial lineups are possible (when the shaft is mistaken for the needle tip). The most common error for novices with in-plane technique is to advance the needle without adequately identifying the tip. Hand on needle hub. This technique uses extension tubing and a reservoir syringe. It has the advantage of being a very precise method for needle control. Hand on syringe. This technique is often used with out-of-plane approaches to regional blocks and allows one operator to easily control the injection while the needle is moving. Needle tip visibility. Needle tip visibility is primarily influenced by the needle diameter and angle of insertion. Echogenic needles can be an advantage when steep angles of needle insertion are necessary. Spatial compound imaging also can help improve needle tip visibility over a limited range of angles. The needle bevel is easiest to identify when oriented to face the transducer. Solutions for injection. Injections of clinically degassed solutions of local anesthetic (all visible air removed) are recommended to help outline the visible borders of peripheral nerves with anechoic fluid.

Sequence Stratigraphy, Sedimentology, and Hydrocarbon Potential in the North-Eastern Part of the Pannonian Basin: ABSTRACT

The Pannonian basin lies within the Alpine mountain belts of east-central Europe. Deformation of the Pannonian region occurred during the final stage of thrusting and folding in the outer part of the Carpathians. The result was a system of several smaller individual basins separated by relatively shallow basement blocks. The {open_quotes}North-eastern part of the Pannonian basin{close_quotes} represents one of these individual basins. Over the basement, the Neogene sedimentation started with continental or marine transgressive beds followed by shallow-marine shales and marls with sandy intercalations. Several stratigraphic sequences were separated within the succession of sedimentary deposits using the seismic, paleontologic, and well-log data. These sequences with their hydrocarbon significance are largely described in the paper.