Yield Of Shallot Research Articles

PENGARUH JARAK TANAM DAN DOSIS PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Effect of Plant Spacing and Dosage Manure on Growth and Yield of Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.). This study aims to determine the effect of plant spacing and doses of manure is right for the growth and yield of onion maximum. This research was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station, substations Organic Horticulture Darussalam, Banda Aceh. This research has been conducted on the month in March 2016 to May 2016. This study used a randomized block design (RAK) factorial 2 x 4 with three replications, so that there are 8 combined treatments and 24 experimental units. Factors studied were plant spacing which consists of two levels ie (20 cm x 15 cm) and (20 cm x 25 cm) and the dose of manure which consists of four levels ie (without manure), (10 ton ha-1) , (20 ton ha-1) and (30 ton ha-1). The results showed that the spacing of significant effect on the wet weight berangkasan per plot and the dry weight of tuber per plot, plant height significantly affected the age of 30 HST and berangkasan dry weight per plot. Influential no significant effect on plant height at 15 and 45 days after planting, leaf number aged 15, 30 and 45 days after planting, the number of tillers per hill, tuber number per hill, wet weight berangkasan per clump, dry weight berangkasan per clump, dry weight of tuber per hill. Growth and the best results encountered at a spacing of 15 cm x 20 cm. Dose manure no real effect on all the observed variables. There was no significant interaction between treatment and dose spacing of manure, so there is no relationship between the two factors. Keywords : onion, plant spacing and doses of manure

Effect of Selenium Biofortification and Beneficial Microorganism Inoculation on Yield, Quality and Antioxidant Properties of Shallot Bulbs.

Plant biofortification with selenium in interaction with the application of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF)-based formulate, with the goal of enhancing Se bioavailability, is beneficial for the development of the environmentally friendly production of functional food with a high content of this microelement. Research was carried out in order to assess the effects of an AMF-based formulate and a non-inoculated control in factorial combination with two selenium treatments with an organic (selenocystine) or inorganic form (sodium selenate) and a non-treated control on the yield, quality, antioxidant properties, and elemental composition of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). Selenocystine showed the best effect on the growth and yield of mycorrhized plants, whereas sodium selenate was the most effective on the non-inoculated plants. The soluble solids, total sugars, monosaccharides, titratable acidity, and proteins attained higher values upon AMF inoculation. Sodium selenate resulted in higher soluble solids, total sugars and monosaccharide content, and titratable acidity than the non-treated control, and it also resulted in higher monosaccharides when compared to selenocystine; the latter showed higher protein content than the control. Calcium, Na, S, and Cl bulb concentrations were higher in the plants inoculated with the beneficial microorganisms. Calcium and sodium concentrations were higher in the bulbs of plants treated with both the selenium forms than in the control. Selenocystine-treated plants showed enhanced accumulation of sulfur and chlorine compared to the untreated plants. The AMF inoculation increased the bulb selenium content by 530%, and the Se biofortification with selenocystine and sodium selenate increased this value by 36% and 21%, respectively, compared to control plants. The AMF-based formulate led to increases in ascorbic acid and antioxidant activity when compared to the non-inoculated control. The bulb ascorbic acid was increased by fortification with both selenium forms when compared to the non-treated control. The results of our investigation showed that both AMF and selenium application represent environmentally friendly strategies to enhance the overall yield and quality performances of shallot bulbs, as well as their selenium content.

Growth and Yield of Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) with Application of Beneficial Microorganisms

Shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group) is one of the most widely utilized vegetables by Indonesian people. Some technologies have been adapted to improved shallot productivity. One of those are the application of beneficial microorganisms. We applied mycorrhizal fungi, Trichoderma sp., and Bacillus thuringiensis as well as the combination among these microorganisms were applied in Shallots cultivation and were investigated to improve the growth and development of shallot. A field experiment was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with two treatment factors. The first factor consisted of two shallot cultivars, namely Biru Lancor and Crok Kuning; whilst the second factor consisted of six beneficial microorganism treatments, i.e. control, mycorrhizae, Trichoderma sp., Bacillus thuringiensis, the combination of mycorrhizae and Trichoderma sp., and the combination of those three microorganisms. The observation was conducted on infection percentage of mycorrhizae, total population of Trichoderma sp., leaf area, leaf area index, net assimilation rate, crop growth rate, harvest index, and plant yield. The data obtained were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at 5% significance level. The results showed the leaf area of shallot was improved as affected by the application of mycorrhizal fungi. The effectiveness and implication of mycorrhizal fungi on shallot growth would decrease if the application of was combined with other microorganisms. However, the application of beneficial microorganisms had not been able to increase component yield and yield of Biru Lancor and Crok Kuning, indicated by bulb weight, number of bulb, bulb diameter, number of bulb per cluster, and bulb yield per hectare.

The effect of plant spacing at the growth and yield of shallot from true shallot seed in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi

Abstract. Saidah, Muchtar, Syafruddin, Pangestuti R. 2019. The effect of plant spacing at the growth and yield of shallot from true shallot seed in Sigi District, Central Sulawesi. Pros Sem Nas Masy Biodiv Indon 5: 209-212. Generally, shallots are cultivated using seed bulb (vegetatively). The problem is the cost of providing seed bulbs is quite high. One of the ways to save the usage of seed bulbs is by using seed (True Shallot Seed). An effort to improve the yield of shallots from the True Seed of Shallot (TSS) is the use of the right and suitable spacing. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of various plant spacing on the growth and yield of shallots from True Seed of Shallot (TSS). This research was conducted in the farmer’s land in Kalukubula Village, Biromaru Sub-district, Sigi District, from December 2017 to March 2018. This research was designed using a Randomized Block Design non Factorial consisting of 3 treatments of spacing and repeated 10 times, so that the total experimental plot was 30 plots. The treatment consisted of JT1 = 10 cm x 10 cm, JT2 = 8 cm x 10 cm, and JT3 = 6 cm x 10 cm. The observations included plant height/length, number of leaves, number of bulbs per clump, weight of bulbs per clump, bulb weight, and bulb diameter. The results showed that the plant spacing of 8 cm x 10 cm (JT2) provided greater plant height/length, number of leaves, number of bulbs per clump, weight of bulbs per clump than the other treatments, while 10 cm x 10 cm spacing provided bulb weight and bulb diameter greater than the other treatments.

Phenotypic Evaluation and Genetic Profiling of Shallot Genotypes Adapted to Peatland of South Kalimantan Using Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers

The escalating demand of shallot has forced the increase of domestic production, including through extension of harvest area by utilization of arable land on peatland. This study was aimed to analyze genetic profile of shallot adapted in peatland areas using SSR markers. Twenty-one shallot genotypes were tested in the field and eighteen primers dispersed throughout the genome was applied to analyze genetic diversity of the peatland-adapted shallots. Phenotypic evaluation revealed that shallot yield potential ranged from 6.66 to 14.21 t/ha. Of these, seven shallot clones (11 NA, 1111 TA, 12 NA, 12 NC, 20 NA and 22 N) had good yield potential and comparable with those of five released shallot varieties. Nine out of 12 shallot clones were moderately resistant to A lternaria porii . Clustering analysis showed that shallot genotypes were clustered into two main groups, Clustered I and II which consisted of 13 and 8 genotypes, respectively. The closest genetic relatedness was observed between 8NC and 8NA (0.85), while the farthest ones was between 11NA and Kramat2 (0.51). This result implies that cross combination between 11NA and Kramat2 is valuable and suitable for breeding programs aimed at improving shallot potential yield in the future.

Improvement of soil quality using bokashi composting and NPK fertilizer to increase shallot yield on dry land

The use of NPK fertilizer and bokashi composting, which is a fermented organic matter combined with microbial stock, have been reported as potential agricultural practices to enhance the farming la...

Adaptation of six shallots varieties to phosphate solubilizing bacteria on the flower formation, seeds fromation, and yields on the lowland

Using seeds as planting materials is a solution to improve the quality and quantity of shallot. This study aims to determine the interaction between shallot varieties and Phosphate- Solubilizing Bacteria (PSB) on the flowering and shallot yield on the lowlands. The research was conducted in Mijil Village, Jaten, Karanganyar, 98 m altitude with Vertisol-type soil order in June to December 2016, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with two factors. Shallot varieties used as factors are Bima, Manjung, Ilokos, Bima (bulb seeds), Mentes and Rubaru. PSB factors are control and with PSB inoculation. Observed variables included plant height, number of leaves, flowering percentage, seed formation and shallot bulb yield. Results showed that there was no interaction between varieties and PSB inoculation on all observed variables. However, PSB inoculation were able to increase the number of flowering plants and seed weight per plot. Bima variety have the highest average yield compared to other varieties in terms of number of leaves, number of bulbs per plant and bulb weight per plot (fresh harvest weight 317.74 g equivalent to 17.65 ton per hectare and dry weight 288.16 g consumption equivalent to 16 ton per hectare).

Aplication of giberelins on flowering and yield of two varieties of shallot in lowland

Shallot is one of horticultural commodities which has difficulties in flowering and producing seeds. Flowering of shallot generally occurs in highlands at 9-12° C. Flowering in lowland can be supported with vernalization or replace cold temperature with gibberelin (GA3). This research is aimed to determine the effect of varieties, the concentration of GA3 applied and their interaction on flowering and yield of shallots grown in the lowlands, 98 m altitude with Vertisol-type soil. The research was conducted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors, which were varieties (V): Bima and Mentes and concentration of GA3 (C) 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm and 200 ppm and repeated three times. Varieties have significant effect (P<0.05) on plant height, leaf number, the number of bulbs per clumps, weight of fresh bulbs per clumps, and percentage of small and large bulbs produced. Bima varieties were able to flower and produced seeds, while Mentes varieties could not produce flowers and seeds. GA3 concentration have no significant effect in all of the observed component. GA3 can’t replace cold temperature for supported flowering in varieties Mentes which were planted in lowlands. There was interaction between varieties and GA3 concentration occurs in variable percentage of small and large bulbs.

Identification of purple blotch pathogen of shallot by PCR using specific primer for Alternaria genus

Purple blotch (Alternaria porri), having symptom similar to stemphylium blight (Stemphylium vesicarium), is one of the important diseases that significantly lowered shallot yield in Indonesia. However, stemphylium blight has never been reported. Purple blotch pathogens from farmers’ crops in Bantul and experimental crop in Centre of Innovative Agricultural Technology Universitas Gadjah Mada (CIAT-UGM) Sleman Regencies were identified to observe whether Stemphylium sp. was found with A. porri. Thirteen isolates obtained showed variability in colony texture, colour and pigmentation. DNA fingerprinting through Polymerase Chain Reaction of BOX and Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus region dispersed those isolates into two main groups. Identification using Alternaria-specific primers, Dir1ITSAlt/Inv1ITSAlt revealed that 10 isolates were Stemphylium sp. and 3 isolates were Alternaria sp. A. porri was only identified from CIAT-UGM. This finding emphasise that the Alternaria-specific primer was able to amplify Stemphylium sp. Besides, stemphylium blight disease may have been occurred in farmers’ crops in Bantul.

Physiological properties, growth, and yield of shallot (Allium cepa var. Aggregatum) in coastal sand land with inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum and cow manure

Physiological properties, growth, and yield of shallot (Allium cepa var. Aggregatum) in coastal sand land with inoculation of Trichoderma asperellum and cow manure

Kajian Penggunaan Debu Limbah Tembakau dan Pemberian Vermikompos Terhadap Populasi Ditilenchus pada Bawang Merah

&lt;p&gt;Shallot is a high value commodity for Indonesian people. The rate of shallot production is considered quite slow considering of the increasing population, income, and the area of shallot cultivation. On the cultivation of shallots common obstacle of Ditylenchus that cause damage to the stems and shallot bulb. The dust of tobacco and vermicompost waste is known to suppress the development of nematodes. This study aims to examine the use of tobacco ash waste and vermicompost on the population of Ditylenchus nematodes as well as the growth and yield of shallot. This research was conducted at Faculty of Agriculture, Sebelas Maret University (UNS) Surakata in August to December 2016. The study was performed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with treatments in the form of tobacco dust, vermicompost, combined tobacco dust and vermicompost and control treatment. Data were analyzed using variance test (F test) with 5% level. If the result shows significant effect then followed by DMRT of 5% level. The result of this research showed that the use of combination of tobacco ash waste and vermicompost could decrease nematode ditylenchus population in the soil. The use of tobacco ash waste could decrease total of parasite nematode population on plant tissue. The treatment didn’t give any effect to shallot’s yield. Shallot’s yield was not influenced by the existence of nematode ditylenchus and another on plant tissue.&lt;/p&gt;

The Effect of Liquid Sediment Coastal and Cow Manure on Growth and Yield of Shallot on Peat Soil

The objective of the research to know the effect liquid sediment coastal and cow manure on the growth and yield of shallot on peat soil and to know the best dosage can be increased on the yield of shallot. Research conducted at the research field of Faculty of Agriculture, the University of Tanjungpura on April to June 2016, using a completely randomized design factorial with two factors and each treatment combination was replicated three times. The first factor was LLC concentration levels (0.3; 0.6; 0.9 L plant-1). The second factor was cattle manure dosages (25; 50; 75 g plant-1). The research showed that there was an interaction between liquid sediment coastal and cow manure significantly improved the number of tillers, number of bulbs, and fresh weight of shallot. However, there was an interaction between liquid sediment coastal and cow manure and also the effect each treatment not significantly to plant height of shallot. The treatment of liquid sediment coastal 0,6 L plant-1 and cow manure 75 g plant-1 can improve the yield of shallot on peat soil.

Pertumbuhan dan hasil panen Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum l.) akibat penambahan pupuk KCl berbasis pupuk organik berbeda

The research aims to determine the effect of KCl addition on the growth and yield of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) on various organic fertilizer bases. The research was conducted using a monofactor experiment with Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) consisting of 8 treatments with four replications. The treatment is without fertilization (K0), chicken manure (K1), goat manure (K2), cattle manure (K3), chicken manure + KCl (K4), goat manure + KCl (K5), cattle manure + KCl (K6), Urea, SP-36, KCl (K7). The observed parameters are plant height, leaf number, bulb number, bulb diameter, wet weight of plant and the potassium (K) uptake of plant. Data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results of the research showed organic fertilizer with or without KCl addition or NPK fertilizer gave higher plant height, leaf number, bulb diameter and wet weight of plant and potasium (K) uptake compared to without fertilization. The KCl addition on organic fertilizer did not increase wet weight of plant. The treatment chicken manure gave the higher indication on yield of plant compare to goat and cow manure.Keywords: shallot, organic fertilizer, KCl

Shallot Growth and Yields Based on Ammonium:Nitrate Ratio on Coastal Sandy Soil

Nitrogen was a key component for increasing yield and quality of vegetables like shallots. The growth and development of plants were influenced by nitrogen form. Common plants preferred nitrate for growth, but the enormity preference varies within plant species and other environmental factors. The purpose of this experiment was to study the effect of ammonium:nitrate ratio in sandy soil to growth and yield of shallot (Allium cepa L. Aggregatum group). The experiment had been conducted in August-October 2015 in the sandy land on Samas Beach, Bantul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research was arranged in a Split-Plot design. The main plot was the source of nitrogen (NH4+; NO3-; NH4+: NO3- 1:1; NH4+: NO3- 1:2; and NH4+: NO3- 2:1) and the subplot was cultivars (Crok Kuning, Tiron, and Bima Brebes). Each subplot covered an area of 2.5 m² (2.5 m x 1 m) with three blocks as replications. Shallot bulbs were planted in sixth-row, spacing 20 cm between rows and 15 cm within rows. The dose was applied according to the recommendation of BPTP (urea 200 kg ha-1, ZA 250 kg ha-1, SP-36 150 kg ha-1, and KCl 150 kg ha-1) 144.5 kg N ha-1. Ammonium:nitrate ratio influenced shallot growth in sandy soil through number of leaves at maximum vegetative phase and its leaf area. The NH4+: NO3- 1:2 ratio gave the best result in dry weight of leaves following bulb dry weight than other ratio. Nevertheless, ammonium:nitrate ratio had no significant influence on bulb dry weight (ton ha-1).

Various Shallot Seed Treatments with Trichoderma to Increase Growth and Yield on Sandy Coastal

Sandy coastal area is a poor land, with minimal nutrients and low ability to store water and nutrition. Therefore, plant is difficult to grow well, consequently the treatments for improving sandy coastal is required before planting to support their growth. Application of Trichoderma as a plant-growth promoting and controlling pathogens had been known. Shallot seed treatment by Trichoderma agents was intended to improve and support plant growth and yield in the sandy coastal land. The aim of experiment was to determine the most effective treatment to improve growth and yield of shallot on sandy coastal land. The experiment had been carried out in Yogyakarta during August - November 2015. The factorial treatments of cultivar and Trichoderma applications were arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replications. The shallot cultivars consisted of Tiron, Crok, and Biru, while Trichoderma application consisted of control (no treatment), sprayed with Trichoderma, soaked in Trichoderma, matricontioning media i.e. rice husk charcoal and brick in combination with Trichoderma. The collected data related to plant growth and yield. The result showed that seed treatment methods with Trichoderma increased the plant height, the leaf area index, extensive root, net assimilation rate (NAR), plant growth rate (PGR), Nitrate Reductase Activities (NRA), total chlorophyll, and fresh bulb weight. The best technical treatment for cultivar Tiron was soaked with Trichoderma, and Crok was sprayed with Trichoderma, while Biru cultivar was using brick in combination with Trichoderma.

Effects of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Growth and Yield of Shallot in Sandy Coastal Land

The marginal sandy coastal land should be utilized to maintain production level of shallot. But for increasing the productivity of sandy coastal land, in the shallot cultivation should be applied biological fertilizers, such as Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). The purpose of this research was to obtain the most effective isolate of PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) to the growth of three shallot cultivars in the sandy coastal land. The research had been conducted in August-November 2015 at Samas sandy coastal land, Bantul. The Factorial treatments were assigned in Randomized Complete Block Design with three blocks as replications. The first factor was shallot cultivars consisted of Crok, Tiron and Tuk-tuk, while the second factor was the PGPR suspension, i.e. control (without PGPR), PGPR isolates BP25.2 (Bacillus methylotrophicus), BP25.6 (Bacillus amyloliquofaciens), BP25.7 (Bacillus subtilis), BrSM 4 (Burkholderiacepacia), and BrSG 5 (Burkholderiaseminalis). The data of growth and yield were analyzed using ANOVA with α = 5%, then followed by DMRT α 5% . The result showed that Tiron cultivar was able to grow in sandy coastal land, proven from its good germination, high number of bulb, high fresh weight, and dry weight of bulb. Meanwhile, BP25.2 isolate was able to increase seed growth simultaneously of Tiron cultivar and BrSM 4 isolate was able to increase the chlorophyll content of Tuk-tuk cultivars.

GROWTH AND YIELD OF SHALLOT LEMBAH PALU VARIETY ON DIFFERENT DIRECTION AND FORM OF SEEDBEDS GROWING ON DRY LAND

This study aimed to determine the growth and yield of shallot Lembah Palu variety planted on dry land with different direction and form of seedbeds. It have been carried out in January-April 2013 in the village of Guntarano, Tanantovea Sub Districts, District of Donggala, Central Sulawesi. This study used a Spilt Plot Design. The main plot was the seedbed direction (A) consisting of: (A1) = seedbeds in the direction of the slope of the land, and (A2) = seedbeds crossed the slope direction. Sub-plot was the form of beds (B) comprises of: (B1) = depth seedbeds and (B2) = high seedbeds. Each treatment was repeated 3 times, so that there were 12 experimental units. The research found that (i) the direction of the beds as well as its interaction with the form of beds did not significantly affect the growth and yield of shallot ‘Lembah Palu’ on dry land. (ii) depth seedbeds produces the number of leaves, leaf length, leaf dry weight, total leaf areaper plant, and total dry weight per plant, and the number of tubers per clump and the weight of the harvested dry tuber per hectare was higher than high seedbeds form.

KAJIAN BEBERAPA TINGKAT CEKAMAN KEKERINGAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL BAWANG MERAH LOKAL NTT

Development of shallot in NTT is closely related to the utilization of dry land that highly susceptible to drought stress.  The growth and yield of shallot on drought condition depended on the level of stress experienced all phases of shallot  and the genetic capability of each shallot cultivars. The objective  of this study is to determine the growth and yield of local shallots NTT with several drought conditions. The experiment had been conducted from April to December 2015, using a randomized block design group. The treatment consisted of two factors which were the level of drought stress and cultivars of local shallots from NTT. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan Multiple 0.05. The results showed that the water supply upto 75% of field capacity was still able to support the growth of shallot in the form of plant height and number of leaves, while the number of tillers and number of tubers was generated by the provision of water 50% of field capacity. The highest result was shown by cultivars from Rote and Sabu both on the supply of water of 100%, XGeneve 75% and 50% of field capacity. Cultivars Rote, Sabu and Semau were not able to generate decent harvested tubers on condition of water supply 25% of field capacity. Keywords: Drought, Growth and Yield, Local Shallots from NTT

Nutrient budgeting of shallot (Allium cepaL. Aggregatum group) in Central and East Java, Indonesia

Indonesia has several shallot production centers along with varieties of shallot which have different productivities. NPK fertilization is one of the efforts to improve shallot yields. The purpose of this study was to determine the shallot yield and nutrient budgets in shallot field. The production centers chosen for this study were in Bantul, Central Java and Nganjuk, East Java, Indonesia. Biru variety is common variety of shallot planted in Bantul, while Thailand variety is planted in Nganjuk. The results showed that the yield of Biru variety was 10.43 t ha-1 and Thailand variety was 4.43 t ha-1. The total NPK of soil in Bantul and Nganjuk was very low. In Bantul N fertilizer was applied at average dose of 88.57 kg ha-1, whereas in Nganjuk at 107.73 kg ha-1. However N uptake both in Bantul and Nganjuk was low, so N fertilizer application efficiency was only 43.26 and 18.32%, respectively. In Bantul K fertilizer was applied at average dose of 168.27 kg ha-1 whereas in Nganjuk was 80 kg ha-1. However K uptake in both areas was low, so K fertilizer application efficiency was only 30.96 and 27.33%, respectively. In Bantul P fertilizer was applied at 162.17 kg ha-1, whereas in Nganjuk at 164 kg ha-1. However P uptake in both areas was very low, so that P fertilizer application efficiency was also very low, i.e., only 0.25 and 0.14%.

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Yield of shallot bulbs in Banten still low because famers do not use organic fertilizers. This study aims to study the effectiveness of organic fertilizers combined with inorganic fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallot. This study was conducted in farmers’ fields in Sawahluhur village, district Kasemen, Serang. Studies used a randomized complete block design consisting of 5 treatments and 4 replications. The varieties used are Bima. The results showed that the use of organic fertilizers in combination with inorganic fertilizers provide a good influence on the growth and yield of shallots. The use of organic artificial fertilizer 5.000 kg//ha + Urea 100 kg/ha+ SP-36 200 kg/ha + 300 kg/ha NPK Phonska resulted in higher yield of tubers and profits than without organic fertilizer on shallots farming.