Shallot Plants Research Articles

THE USE OF SOIL RENEWAL MATERIALS TO IMPROVE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN INCREASING THE RESULTS OF ONIONS FROM TUMBERS

The development of the shallot commodity in Indonesia is excelent. This can be monitored by the consumption of shallots which continues to increase in line with the increase in population. Cultivation of shallots usually utilizes bulbs for planting material. This is because the use of bulbs is easier and more practical. Besides that, the success rate is high. This study aimed to (1) identify the best formula/dose of organic matter and mycorrhiza and the interactions between the two treatments in increasing shallot production on ultisols, (2) analyze the improvement of chemical properties of ultisols using soil enhancers, and (3) analyzing the increase in the production of mini bulb shallots using soil amendments. The study used several levels of factorial randomized block design (RBD) with mycorrhiza and organic fertilizer. Treatment 1 (Mycorrhiza), M0 = Control, M1 = 10 g/polybag, M2 = 20 g/polybag, M3 = 30 g/polybag, M4 = 40 g/polybag, and Treatment 2 (Organic Fertilizer), P0 = Control, P1 = organic fertilizer (0.6 kg/polybag), P2 = organic fertilizer (1.2 kg/polybag), P3 = organic fertilizer (1.8 kg/polybag), P4 = organic fertilizer (2.4 kg/polybag). The results showed that the interaction between mycorrhizal treatment and organic fertilizers had a significant effect. The highest yield on shallot plant height was in the M4P4 treatment, while the lowest was in the M3P0 treatment. The interaction between mycorrhizal treatment and organic fertilizers had a significant effect. The highest yield on the number of shallot leaves was in the M1P3 treatment, while the lowest was in the M3P0 treatment.

Analisis Ekonomi Sistem Fertigasi Pada Budidaya Bawang Merah (Allium cepa L.)

Shallot cultivation using the fertigation system is a method of providing fertilizer and irrigation water for shallot plants through a drip irrigation system, which is more efficient and effective, so as to increase productivity. However, farmers still do not know information regarding the implementation of the fertigation system on shallots and the benefits. The purpose of this study was to analyze the cost requirements of the fertigation system, the economic feasibility of the business, and the minimum area of shallot cultivation area for business farmers who use the fertigation system and do not apply the fertigation system in Nambahrejo Village, Kota Gajah District, Central Lampung. There are two types of data obtained, namely primary data obtained from direct survey methods or collecting questionnaire data and interviews with farmers, and secondary data from literature and the like. The research results show that the shallot fertigation system with a quarter ha land area is feasible with a total cost value of ±Rp. 134,044,026,-/year, the NPV value is Rp. 291,029,252/year, Net B/C of 1.25, IRR of 35%, and payback period (PP) of 0.58 years / ±7 months. Shallot cultivation is recommended to be carried out with a minimum area of ¼ ha with 3 planting periods per year.

PENGARUH MEDIA TANAM DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR BONGGOL PISANG (Musa sp.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH ( Allium cepa L.)

Shallots are a horticultural crop that is very important for society. One effort to increase production is by providing Banana Weevil POC. This research aims to determine the effect of planting media and liquid organic fertilizer from banana weevil (Musa sp.) on the growth and yield of local varieties of shallot plants (Allium cepa L.). This research was carried out on residential land located at Bendorejo Hamlet, Bendosewu Village, Talun District, Blitar Regency. In April-June 2023. The research was prepared using (RAK) factorial with two factors, namely the composition of the planting media (M) and the concentration of Banana Weevil POC (D), with each treatment having 3 replications. Observations were made after the plants were 7 days after planting, with an observation interval of 14 days. The observation parameters include plant height, number of leaves, number of tubers, and tuber weight. The results of the research showed that the combination treatment of cow dung and Banana Weevil POC with a concentration of 10 ml had a significant effect on plant height, number of tubers and tuber weight. However, it has no effect on the number of leaves.

Strategi Pemberdayaan Petani Dalam Pengembangan Bawang Merah (Studi Kasus Desa Pajeng Kecamatan Gondang Kabupaten Bojonegoro)

This research aims to analyze the role of stakeholders in empowering the development of shallot agribusiness in Pajeng Village, Gondang District, Bojonegoro Regency. Evaluate the empowerment process for the development of shallot agribusiness in Pajeng Village, Gondang District, Bojonegoro Regency, and determine the development strategy for shallot Agribusiness in Pajeng Village, Gondang District, Bojonegoro Regency. Pajeng Village, located in Gondang District, Bojonegoro Regency, has significant agricultural potential, with the main focus on shallot production. Shallots are not just an agricultural crop, they are the backbone of the economy for local communities. The success of shallot production not only affects farmers' income, but also determines the economic stability and welfare of the Pajeng Village community as a whole. The importance of shallots in the local economic structure creates its own challenges and opportunities. Even though it is a superior commodity, farmers in Pajeng Village still face various obstacles in marketing their products. Price variability, limited markets, and hampered market accessibility are the main obstacles that affect farmers' ability to obtain optimal profits from their shallot harvest. Through case studies in Pajeng Village, it is hoped that solutions can be found that are appropriate to the local context, encourage the application of sustainable technology, and increase farmers' access to markets. The strategy for empowering farmers in developing shallot agribusiness is not only about increasing productivity but also establishing a strong foundation for sustainable economic and social development of Pajeng Village. There is so much interest in farmers developing shallot plants and the problems faced by farmers, researchers want to know the development of the Agribusiness system that has been going on so far. So it can be known how big the farming business is in developing shallot agribusiness. This causes researchers to intend to find out what strategies are used in developing shallot agribusiness. So this research is entitled "Farmer Empowerment Strategy in the Development of Shallot Agribusiness in Pajeng Village, Gondang District, Bojonegoro Regency". qualitative research approach, namely to obtain data and collect as complete information as possible by describing the strategy for empowering the shallot farming community in Pajeng village, Gondang District, Bojonegoro Regency. By using a qualitative approach, it is hoped that the data obtained will be more complete, more in-depth, credible and meaningful so that the research

Effectiveness of Biopesticides Nicotiana tabacum L and Ageratum conyzoides L As Controlling Spodoptera exigua in Red Onion (Allium ascalonicum L.)

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum) are a commodity in Indonesia that has high economic value. One of the pests that often attacks and reduces shallot yields is the onion caterpillar pest S. exigua. Tobacco plants and babadotan weeds are types of plants that can be used as botanical pesticides as a method of controlling and preventing pest attacks on plants. Tobacco and babadotan plants contain secondary metabolite compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and tannins which are able to kill insect pests on shallot plants. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of tobacco extract (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) as control of the onion caterpillar pest Spodoptera exigua on shallots. The highest combined mortality rate was treated with T6 at 96JSP with an average of 75%,The lowest larval mortality percentage test was found in T2 with an average mortality result of 22.50%.The results of biosafety testing show that the combination of tobacco extract and babadotan extract cannot be used together. From the conclusions that have been obtained, the extracts of (Nicotiana tabacum L.) and (Ageratum conyzoides L.), both single extracts and combination extracts, are effective in controlling the pest S.exigua

Peran Penyuluh Pertanian Dalam Penanggulangan Hama Penyakit Pada Bawang Merah (Allium Cepa L) Di Kampung Arsopura Distrik Skanto Kabupaten Keerom

The agricultural sector is a strategic sector in national development. The increase in production has been given by agricultural extension activities. The agricultural instructor must be someone who is competent in the field of agriculture and can communicate effectively and be responsive in dealing with every problem and question quetioned by farmers. The centers for shallot production in Papua Province are Kerom, Merauke, Tolikara and Jayawijaya Regencies. Shallot farming is always faced with risks. in the form of a decrease in production due to unpredictable weather factors and attacks by pests and diseases (such as wilt disease). To overcome the problems above, an agricultural instructor is needed who can help farmers in diagnosing pests and diseases of shallot plants. The research aims to determine the role of agricultural instructors for shallot farmers in controlling plant pests. This research was carried out in Arsopura village, Skanto District, Keerom Regency for 6 months from August 2022 to February 2023. This research used the Arithmetic Mean analysis method with average assessment criteria of 1.00-1.66 with categories of No Role, 1.67- 2.33. There were 60 questions asked by the resource person for each indicator, with 17 facilitator indicator questions, 15 motivator questions, 14 educator questions and 15 communicator questions. The results of the research show that agricultural extension workers play a role in controlling pests and diseases in shallot plants. The scores obtained for the facilitator indicator were 2.69, motivator 2.69, educator 2.34, and communicator 2.44, each in the Role category. Agricultural instructors play a very important role and always provide new technologies to increase shallot production, in Arsopura Village, Skanto District, Keerom Regency.

Pengaruh Komposisi Media Tanam dan Konsentrasi Pupuk Organik Cair Daun Kelor (moringa oleifera L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)

This study aims to determine the effect of the composition of the planting medium with the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of Moringa leaves on the growth and yield of shallot plants. This research was conducted in October 2022 - March 2023 in the greenhouse of the Soil Science Study Program, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Jember. The study used a completely randomized design with 2 factors, there were 16 treatment combinations, 3 repetitions, and each repetition there were 3 experimental units, so that 144 experimental units were obtained. The first factor is the composition of the planting medium consisting of control; soil: cow manure (1:2); soil: cow manure (2:2) and soil: cow manure (3:2). The second factor was the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer for moringa leaves which consisted of control; 20ml/l; 50 ml/l and 80ml/l. The results showed that there was an interaction effect between the treatment of the composition of the planting medium and the concentration of liquid organic fertilizer of Moringa leaves on the fresh weight of the tubers and the dry weight of the tubers. The treatment of the composition of the planting media was able to increase the growth and yield of shallot plants, and the addition of liquid organic fertilizer for Moringa leaves was able to increase the growth and yield of shallot plants.

Effectiveness of NPK (11-11-28) fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallot

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of NPK (11-11-28) fertilizer on the growth and yield of shallot. This research was carried out in Malang Regency on DS 2019, using of plot 3.5 m x 5 m with 9 treatments, using RBD, repeated 3 times. The treatment includes: A. Control, B. Half of Fertilization Recommended/HFR, C. HFR + NPK 2 g.l-1 water, D. HFR + NPK 4 g.l-1 water, E. HFR + NPK 6 g.l-1 water, F. Full of Fertilization Recommended/FFR, G. FFR + NPK 2 g.l-1 water, H. FFR + NPK 4 g.l-1 water, I. FFR + NPK 6 g.l-1 water. The results showed the application of NPK (11-11-28) fertilizer as much as 6 g.l-1 water combined with 150 kg Urea.ha-1 +250 kg ZA.ha-1 +100 kg SP36.ha-1 +100 kg KCl.ha-1 (treatment E) obtained of dry tuber weight of 14.28 t.ha-1 with an R/C ratio of 4.10. Applying liquid of NPK (11-11-28) fertilizer on shallot plants can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers of full recommendation and is economically feasible.

Improvement in physio-biochemical characteristics of shallot plants with nano silica at several levels of drought stress

Plants are stressed if the environment in which they grow changes, which can reduce the rate of vegetative and generative growth and finally the production of plant. One of the factors that causes stress in plants is the availability of water which greatly influences the productivity of shallot plants as shown by changes in physiological and biochemical characters. Analysis of physiobiochemical characteristics of shallots for the application of nano silica at several levels of water stress is the aim of this research. Parameters analyzed at the Central Pharmacy Research Laboratory Faculty of Pharmacy, Tissue Culture Laboratory and Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, November 2022 to March 2023. This study used RBCD with 2 treatment factors. The first factor namely water stress condition (80, 60 and 40% field capacity). The second factor namely the application of nano silica which consisted of 4 levels of concentration (0, 6, 12 and 18 g/l). The results showed that the addition of water based on field capacity at 80% optimal conditions significantly increasing chlorophyll a, b, and total, leaf relative water content, H2O2 and SOD enzymes. Application of nanosilica at concentration of 18 g/l significantly increased chlorophyll a, b and total.

Pengaruh Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Plus Pada Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum) terhadap Keanekaragaman Arthropoda di Lahan Gambut

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) from the Lilyceae family are annual horticultural plants. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the application of organic fertilizer plus on the diversity of arthropods in shallot plants in peatlands. The method used in this research was a one-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. Data from arthropod identification results are grouped based on order and family which are presented in tabular form. Then an analysis was carried out using diversity indices, species richness and species evenness. The results of the research show that the most dominant arthropods are the predator group. The results also show that the level of arthropod species diversity is moderate, the level of arthropod species richness is low, the level of evenness of arthropod species shows an unstable distribution. The most dominant group of arthropods is the predator group and the results of the LSD analysis test at the 5% level showed a real influence on the diversity of arthropods in shallot plants in peatlands where organic fertilizer plus 125 g/hole was applied with an average of 48.40 individuals.

PENERAPAN INOVASI PETANI DALAM PENGENDALIAN HAMA ULAT BAWANG (Spodoptera Exigua) PADA TANAMAN BAWANG MERAH MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAP LAMPU DI DESA TONTONAN KECAMATAN ANGGERAJA KABUPATEN ENREKANG

Environmentally friendly pest control is crucial in the shallot farming process while maintaining sustainability. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of farmer innovations in controlling shallot caterpillar pests using lamp traps in Tontonan Village. The text has been revised to adhere to conventional structure, clear and objective language, formal register, precise word choice, and grammatical correctness. The content has not been changed beyond minor adjustments to improve clarity and flow. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach and involved shallot farm owners in the village who use the innovation of lamp traps to control pests in shallot plants. The informants were selected through the snowball sampling method. Data was collected through observation, interviews, and documentation using media such as interview guides. The data was analyzed using a qualitative analysis consisting of three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The study revealed that implementing light traps to control Spodoptera Exigua pests in shallot plants is a viable alternative for farmers in comparison to using synthetic or chemical pesticides. The benefits of pest control using light traps are numerous, including being environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and capable of enhancing the quality and quantity of shallot production, thereby increasing the income of farmers. Important aspects in the process of adopting technological innovations in light traps include the effectiveness of pest control, reduction in the use of chemical pesticides, affordability, increased farmer knowledge, information dissemination, and collaboration.

Design Of An Expert System To Diagnose Diseases In Onion Plants Using The Web-Based Dempster Shafer Method

This study aims to design a website-based shallot disease expert system and determine the feasibility level of the website. The final result of this research is an expert system for diagnosing diseases in shallot plants using the Dempster Shafer method based on a case study web at the Monta District Agriculture UPTD which has been tested for feasibility. This research uses the R&D method with the Waterfall model. The stages in this study include five stages, namely (1) requirements stage, (2) design, (3) coding, (4) program testing, and (5) maintenance. with a sample of shallot farmers in the District of Monta, as many as 25 people were counted in small-group trials and large-group trials. The instrument used is a Questionnaire containing questions, with Data Analysis Techniques using a Likert scale. The results of this study are (1) an expert system for diagnosing diseases in shallot plants using the Dempster Shafer method based on a web case study at the UPTD Agriculture, Monta District; (2) the quality of the designed website-based shallot disease expert system is included in the very feasible category in terms of content and in terms of appearance, this is based on website feasibility assessments from material experts with a percentage of 93.3% and user ratings with a percentage of 95.5%, an expert system for diagnosing diseases in shallot plants using the web-based Dempster Shafer method in a case study at the Monta District Agriculture UPTD was declared very feasible to use.

Application of Silica Nanoparticles in Combination with Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus thuringiensis for Anthracnose Disease Control in Shallot.

<b>Background and Objective:</b> Anthracnose in shallot contributes to significant losses. To solve this issue, silica nanoparticles, in combination with <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> were used together. <b>Materials and Methods:</b> <i>In vitro</i> antagonistic test of <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> B-27 with <i>Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</i> was carried out using dual culture and co-culture methods. Treatment in greenhouse experiments was carried out using single application of silica, <i>B. thuringiensis</i>, <i>B. velezensis</i>, a combination of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i> and a combination of <i>B. thuringiensis</i>, <i>B. velezensis</i> and silica. Detection of <i>B. velezensis</i> in the roots of shallot plants was carried out by PCR using a pair of specific primers. <b>Results:</b> <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> was able to inhibit the growth of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> mycelium <i>in vitro</i>, both in the dual culture and co-culture methods, by 62.8 and 77.17%, respectively. Treatment of <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and <i>B. velezensis</i>, either individually or in combination with silica, could reduce the intensity of anthracnose disease by 20% each and stimulate the growth of shallot plants. The PCR detection using specific primers on the roots of shallot plants showed that <i>B. velezensis</i> was detected with a DNA band length of ±576 bp. <b>Conclusion:</b> <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> can inhibit the growth of <i>C. gloeosporioides</i> mycelium <i>in vitro</i>. Applying <i>B. velezensis</i>, <i>B. thuringiensis</i> and silica can reduce the intensity of anthracnose disease, promote plant growth and increase plant productivity. Furthermore, <i>B. velezensis</i> was detected in the roots of shallot plants, revealing that the bacteria are well-established.

Increasing Red Onion Plant (Allium ascalonicum L) Growth and Production by Providing Cascing and NPK 16.16.16. Fertilizer

Riau Province relies on other regions, such as North Sumatra, West Sumatra, and Java, for its needs. However, when natural disasters occur, or transportation disruptions happen from the sources of onion production, the price of shallots in the market increases. To reduce Riau companies' dependency on this raw material, it is necessary to develop shallot plants using optimal cultivation techniques to maximize growth and production. This research was conducted at the Experimental Garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Pasir Pengaraian University, Rokan Hulu Regency, for three months from May 2022 to July 2022. The research utilized a completely randomized factorial design with two factors. The first factor involved the application of Vermicompost Fertilizer, with four treatment levels: 0. 200. 400. and 600 g/plot. The second factor involved the application of NPK 16.16.16 fertilizer with four treatment levels: 0. 10. 20. and 30 g/plot. The parameters observed included plant height, harvest age, number of tubers per cluster, tuber weight per bulb, wet tuber weight per cluster, dry tuber weight, and percentage of tuber weight loss. The research results indicated that the interaction between vermicompost fertilizer and NPK 16.16.16 fertilizer had a significant impact on plant height, harvest age, number of tubers per cluster, number of tubers per tuber, wet tuber weight per cluster, and dry tuber weight per cluster. The best treatment was a combination of Vermicompost 600 g/plot and NPK 16.16.16 30 g/plot. The main effect of the Vermicompost Fertilizer application was significant for all observation parameters, and the main effect of NPK 16.16.16 also had a significant impact on all observation parameters.

Manufacturer Layout Guide on Agricultural Management of Chicken Manure and Charcoal Husk on Growth and the Absorption of Silica in Onions Red (Allium Ascalonicum L.)

One effort to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer is by using organic fertilizer using manure or rice husk charcoal. The research used chicken manure with 3 levels: A0 = 0 kg/plot (0 ton/ha), A1 = 3.75 kg/plot (10 tons/ha), A2 = 7.5 kg/plot (20 tons/ha), A3 = 11.25 kg/plot (30 tons/ha). The second factor, husk charcoal with 3 levels: S0 = 0 kg/plot (0 ton/ha), S1 = 1.9 kg/plot (5 tons/ha), S2 = 3.8 kg/plot (10 tons/ha), S3 = 5.7 kg/plot (15 tons/ha). The results showed that treatment with a dose of chicken manure at 7.5 kg/plot significantly increased leaf length, tuber wet weight per plant, tuber wet weight per plot, tuber dry weight per plant, tuber dry weight per plot, root volume, soil pH. , soil CEC, soil C-organic content, but had no significant effect on the number of bulbs and Si uptake of shallot plants. The activated charcoal dose treatment had no significant effect on leaf length, number of tubers, wet weight of tubers per plant, wet weight of tubers per plot, dry weight of tubers per plant, dry weight of tubers per plot and root volume. The interaction between the dose of chicken manure and husk charcoal had no significant effect on all parameters observed, and had no significant effect on the availability of silica in paddy fields.

Characteristics and Agronomic Efficiency of Fertilizer Urea Granules- Acidic Coated Bamboo Biochar Acrylate on Plant Onion Red (Allium ascaloniucm L.)

The use of urea-biochar granular fertilizer is intended to overcome the problem of inefficiency in the excessive use of urea fertilizer. The efficiency of urea is relatively low because 40-70% of N is lost from the soil. The purpose of this study was to determine the agronomic efficiency of acrylic acid-coated bamboo urea-biochar fertilizer on shallot plants. The research was conducted in the greenhouse of UPT Plant Pest and Disease Control Center in Celuk Sukawati Gianyar Village, and in the Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Udayana University, arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with a single factor consisting of 9 treatments and repeated 3 times. Parameters observed were plant growth yields (height, weight of tubers and fresh litter, weight of tubers and oven-dried litter, number of tillers), fertilizer agronomic efficiency. The results showed that the S30 treatment significantly increased the shallot plant height by 43.67 cm, the weight of the oven-dried bulbs by19.68 g and the RAE value by 362%, so that fertilization with the S30 treatment was the most efficient compared to other treatments and could be used by farmers in increasing the growth and yield of shallot plants.

Effect of Fobio on Intensity of Moler Disease (Fusarium oxysporum) on Various Shallot Cultivars

Fusarium oxysporum is the pathogen that causes moler disease which can reduce the productivity of shallot plants. The use of cultivars greatly affects the production. Control method that is more environmentally friendly is currently being pursued towards organic farming. Fobio is a biopesticide containing plant root microorganisms as biological control agents. This study aims to determine the effect of Fobio biopesticide on Fusarium wilt (moler) disease incidence and production of three shallot cultivars. The experiment was conducted in the shallot planting area of Sukorejo Village, Rejoso District, Nganjuk Regency, East Java. This experiment was arranged in the split plot design with two factors. The main plot of the concentration of the biopesticide formula (Fobio) consisted of 3 levels namely control (chemical fungicide), 5 ml/liter, and 10 ml/liter, and the subplot of shallot cultivar consisted of 3 types namely Tajuk, Biru Lanchor, and Super Philip. The observation in this study were the incubation period, disease symptoms, disease intensity, and shallot bulb yield. The results showed that Fobio biopesticide at the concentration of 10 ml/liter caused the same disease suppression as chemical fungicide (control) in the three shallot cultivars with the disease incidence of 18.78%. Fobio biopesticide concentration of 10 ml/liter had also the same effect as chemical fungicide on the production of those shallot cultivars, with the average wet weight of 2.25 kg/treatment and dry weight of 1.49 kg/treatment.

Pengaruh Penggunaan Pupuk Organik Cair Nira Aren (<i>Arenga pinnata</i>) Terhadap pertumbuhan Tanaman Bawang Merah (<i>Allium ascalonicum</i>)

The need for red onions has not yet been balanced by the amount of production, so the government always brings in red onions through imports to meet the community's needs. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of the growth of shallots (Allium ascalonicum) on the application of liquid organic fertilizer from sap (Arenga pinnata). The approach used in this research is quantitative research. The research was carried out using a completely randomized design (CRD) with different concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer from palm sap, with concentrations of 0 ml, 20 ml, 40 ml, 60 ml, 80 ml and 100 ml, a total of 6 treatments, with 5 replications. The results of the research show that based on the ANOVA test, the calculated F value was 1,954, while the F table (0.05) on the diameter of shallot plant bulbs shows that there is a significant influence provided that F calculated>F table. Apart from that, based on the results of the anova test, the parameters of plant height (0.178), the significant value of the number of plant leaves (0.067), and the significant value of the diameter of the plant tuber (0.133) so that the research results obtained indicate that liquid organic fertilizer of sugar palm sap has an effect on height growth. plants, number of leaves, and diameter of shallot bulbs (Allium ascalonicum).

Ethnobotany of Plants as Traditional Food Additives by the Community in Sitellu Tali Urang Jehe Sub-District Pakpak Bharat District

Ethnobotany is a science that studies the relationship between humans and plants. This study aims to find out what types of plants are found and used as food additives traditionally, to find out which plant organs will be used as food additives traditionally, and to determine the cultural significance index/Cultural Significance Index (ICS) plants used as traditional Food Additives (BTP) in Sitellu Tali Urang Jehe District. This research is qualitative research and quantitative research. Qualitative research was carried out by calculating the presentation of plant species, and plant organs and calculating cultural interest index values, while qualitative research was carried out by participatory observation, where the researcher was involved in the informants' daily activities. The results of the study obtained 7 typical traditional plants used as food additives namely Rhinacanthus sp, Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K. Jansen, Curculigo sp, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Etlingera elatior J, Allium schoenoprasom and Solanum sp. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that there are 26 plant species belonging to 13 families. Plant organs used in food additives are: Leaves 27%, Rhizomes 23,1%, Fruits 34,6%, Stems 3,8% and Tubers 11,5%. The calculation of the ICS value of shallot plants has the highest preference or importance value among other plants, namely 50, while cassava leaves and lime recipes have the lowest importance value among other plants, namely 4.

Monitoring Pesticide Watering On Plants Shallot Using Mosquitto Network (MQTT) Client-Server Network

Shallots are one of the leading commodities in several regions in Indonesia. In the cultivation of shallot plants there are pests that can reduce the quality of shallots. Along with the times, and to overcome the problem of watering pesticides for shallot plants, an automation tool is designed to make it easier for farmers to water pesticides. The design of this tool uses the concept of Internet of Thing (IoT) where the application used is Node-RED with the MQTT protocol. The optimum humidity for the growth and development of shallot plants is 50-70%, so soil moisture sensors are used to measure soil moisture. Pesticide watering also looks at weather conditions such as rain. Therefore, the raindrop sensor is used to detect rain. From several trials that have been carried out, it produces one experimental result that shows soil moisture of 35% where weather conditions are not raining and, the relay is active to perform pesticide watering. This indicates that the pesticide watering of shallot plants using the MQTT client-server network is successful carried out.