Shaft Length Research Articles

Active coolant control onto thermal behaviors of precision ball screw unit

Being a critical factor affecting the motion accuracy of precision machine tools, structural thermal elongation of precision ball screw unit is generally caused by the comprehensive influence from heat generations of screw-nut pair/bearings and time-varying ambient temperature. To resist 2 thermal disturbances above to guarantee precisely the original length of screw shaft, an active coolant control strategy is proposed in this paper. This strategy is based on a premise hypothesis: For the slender and long tubular structure of screw shaft, the screw shaft temperature is approximately equal to its recirculating coolant temperature. The reason is that the intensive forced coolant convection is capable of eliminating screw shaft temperature rises caused by friction heat generations and ambient air convections. Based on this premise, screw coolant temperature can be consistently controlled by an active strategy, further to correct the thermal elongation of screw shaft. It can be experimentally verified that the thermal variations of machine positioning accuracy caused by the active coolant control strategy are not more than 10 μm, which are lower than traditional strategy. Besides, based on detected structural temperatures of precision ball screw unit, the theoretical model above is further proved to be reliable by FE simulation method.

Defining length stability in paediatric femoral shaft fractures treated with titanium elastic nails.

IntroductionOptimal paediatric femoral shaft fracture patterns or lengths amenable to titanium elastic nail stabilization have not been well defined. The purpose of this study is to identify radiographic parameters predictive of treatment failure with flexible intramedullary nails based upon fracture morphology.MethodsA retrospective review was performed of all femoral shaft fractures treated with flexible intramedullary nails over a five-year period. All patients with at least six weeks of postoperative radiographic imaging were included. Fracture characteristics included location, pattern, length, obliquity, angulation, translation and shortening. Postoperative radiographs were reviewed to determine shortening and angulation.ResultsThere were 58 patients with 60 femoral shaft fractures stabilized with titanium nails, with 46 healing within acceptable parameters and 14 considered malunions. Six of the 14 malunions developed complications requiring early unplanned intervention. No patients in the treatment success group had a complication. Between the treatment success and failure groups, fracture pattern, location, length, obliquity, angulation, translation or shortening were not statistically different. Mean nail canal fill was significantly lower in the failure group (0.72 versus 0.81; p = 0.0146), with a receiver operating characteristic curve identifying canal fill 76% as the optimal threshold.ConclusionThis is the first study to measure the length and obliquity of paediatric femoral shaft fractures and to determine their relationship to radiographic alignment after healing. None of the preoperative fracture characteristics were predictive of malalignment or shortening. We recommend the use of larger nail sizes in the treatment of paediatric femoral shaft fractures, especially if there is concern for residual instability.Level of evidenceIV

A novel wireless instrumentation system for measurement of PTO (power take-off) torque requirement during rotary tillage

A wireless instrumentation system was successfully developed and tested to overcome the constraints associated in collection of torque data of PTO-driven agricultural machinery with benefits such as no disturbance in telescopic action or vertical inclination of Cardan shaft. The system ensured no alterations in standard length of PTO driveline shaft. Further, telemetry system enabled remote acquisition of signals without inducing any risk of damaging the associated electronic components. It offered sensitivity of 1.6 mV/V per kN-m of applied torque with good linearity during static calibration. The performance was assessed based on accuracy, non-linearity, hysteresis, and non-repeatability and their values were 97.06%, 2.57%, 3.44%, and 0.26%, respectively. The data obtained for torque were validated with the torque computed from axial and radial load data of PTO ball bearing acquired simultaneously during rotary tillage. The low values of mean absolute percentage error (7.78% and 6.58%), maximum absolute variation (15.17% and 15.39%), and root mean square error (21.24 and 22.16 N-m), indicated good accuracy of the system. The experiments were designed with active tillage tools having two different numbers of blades, transmission gear ratios, engine speeds, tyre sizes, and four working depths as treatments. Results revealed that considered variables other than tire size, significantly affected the PTO torque and power. The decrease in PTO torque and power was found to be levelled off beyond velocity ratio 7.92. The developed instrumentation technique is simple, reliable and could be useful for database generation, implement design, and matching for effective utilization of tractor engine power. • Novel instrumentation technique was used to measure PTO (power take-off) torque. • It does not disturb the telescopic action or vertical inclination of Cardan shaft. • Sensitivity 1.6 mV/V per kN-m of applied torque with good linearity in calibration. • Data validated with torque computed from axial and radial load of PTO ball bearing. • The low values of MAPE, MAV, and RMSE indicated good accuracy of the system.

Light-Driven Linear Inchworm Motor Based on Liquid Crystal Elastomer Actuators Fabricated with Rubbing Overwriting.

Linear displacement is used for positioning and scanning, e.g., in robotics at different scales or in scientific instrumentation. Most linear motors are either powered by rotary drives or are driven directly by pressure, electromagnetic forces or a shape change in a medium, such as piezoelectrics or shape-memory materials. Here, we present a centimeter-scale light-powered linear inchworm motor, driven by two liquid crystal elastomer (LCE) accordion-like actuators. The rubbing overwriting technique was used to fabricate the LCE actuators, made of elastomer film with patterned alignment. In the linear motor, a scanned green laser beam induces a sequence of travelling deformations in a pair of actuators that move a gripper, which couples to a shaft via friction moving it with an average speed in the order of millimeters per second. The prototype linear motor demonstrates how LCE light-driven actuators with a limited stroke can be used to drive more complex mechanisms, where large displacements can be achieved, defined only by the technical constrains (the shaft length in our case), and not by the limited strain of the material. Inchworm motors driven by LCE actuators may be scaled down to sub-millimeter size and can be used in applications where remote control and power supply with light, either delivered in free space beams or via fibers, is an advantage.

Hair Growth-Promoting Effect of Resveratrol in Mice, Human Hair Follicles and Dermal Papilla Cells.

BackgroundOxidative damage has been found in various types of hair loss. As a polyphenolic phytoalexin, resveratrol (RSV) is known as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic agent.ObjectiveThus, we aim to examine the effects of RSV on hair growth.MethodsIn vivo C57BL/6 mice were used to evaluate the effects of RSV on hair cycle, hair length, skin thickness, hair follicle diameter, hair cycle score and the percentage of hair cycle stage. Then hair shaft length and hair cycle were evaluated by human hair follicles (HFs) ex vivo. The proliferative activities of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) cultured in vitro with RSV were assessed using RTCA. The ability of RSV to protect hDPCs against H2O2-induced oxidative damage is examined by a ROS assay kit.ResultsTopical application of RSV significantly promoted hair growth and stimulated the transition of hair cycle from telogen into the anagen phase on shaved C57BL/6 mice. Ex vivo experiments showed that RSV increased the hair shaft length of HFs and delayed the entry into catagen. In vitro experiments indicated that RSV proliferated hDPCs and prevented hDPCs from oxidative damage caused by H2O2.ConclusionRSV can promote hair growth and may be a potential candidate for the treatment of hair loss.

New Three-Pole Combined Radial–Axial Magnetic Bearing for Industrial Bearingless Motor Systems

This article investigates combined radial–axial magneticbearing (CRAMB) technology as an enabling component for shafted bearingless motor systems. The unique requirements of high-speed bearingless motors designed for significant power levels are used to guide a literature review on CRAMB designs. Fundamental bearing topology aspects are identified and compared. Based on the outcome of this review, a new CRAMB topology is proposed and developed to meet the needs of a bearingless motor. Key features of the proposed design include a three-pole radial force stage (driven by a three-phase motor drive) and utilization of an optimal bias flux that improves radial force density by approximately 15% (improved rotor dynamics). A full design procedure for the new bearing topology is developed and it is shown that compared to a conventional four-pole side-by-side CRAMB, this topology decreases the bearing shaft length and requires two fewer power electronic switches (6 instead of 8). The new bearing is validated via finite-element analysis and experimental test results.

Temperature profile and residual heat of monopolar laparoscopic and endoscopic dissection instruments

BackgroundEndoscopic and laparoscopic electrosurgical devices (ED) are of great importance in modern medicine but can cause adverse events such as tissue injuries and burns from residual heat. While laparoscopic tools are well investigated, detailed insights about the temperature profile of endoscopic knives are lacking. Our aim is to investigate the temperature and the residual heat of laparoscopic and endoscopic monopolar instruments to increase the safety in handling ED.MethodsAn infrared camera was used to measure the temperature of laparoscopic and endoscopic instruments during energy application and to determine the cooling time to below 50 °C at a porcine stomach. Different power levels and cutting intervals were studied to investigate their impact on the temperature profile.ResultsDuring activation, the laparoscopic hook exceeded 120 °C regularly for an up to 10 mm shaft length. With regards to endoknives, only the Dual Tip Knife showed a shaft temperature of above 50 °C. The residual heat of the laparoscopic hook remained above 50 °C for at least 15 s after activation. Endoknives cooled to below 50 °C in 4 s. A higher power level and longer cutting duration significantly increased the shaft temperature and prolonged the cooling time (p < 0.001).ConclusionResidual heat and maximum temperature during energy application depend strongly on the chosen effect and cutting duration. To avoid potential injuries, the user should not touch any tissue with the laparoscopic hook for at least 15 s and with the endoknives for at least 4 s after energy application. As the shaft also heats up to over 120 °C, the user should be careful to avoid tissue contact during activation with the shaft. These results should be strongly considered for safety reasons when handling monopolar ED.

REMOVED: The Augmenta Implant: A Cadaver Model of a Novel Anatomic Subdermal Implant for Cosmetic Penile Enhancement.

IntroductionThere are limited options for cosmetic penile enhancement and the correction of structural penile deformities.AimWe present the Augmenta, an innovative, technologically advanced subcutaneous elastomer-silicone cosmetic penile implant (CPI), as evaluated by objective structural changes in a cadaveric model.MethodsFive fresh male cadaver pelves were utilized in this preclinical setting. Placement of a subcutaneous elastomer-silicone CPI was performed via a penoscrotal approach. Penile circumference was measured at the base and distal shaft before and after implant placement. Penile length was measured from the pubic bone to the tip of the glans penis before and after implantation of Augmenta.Main Outcome MeasureObjective outcomes included changes in penile circumference and shaft length in both the flaccid and erect state, both before and after CPI placement.ResultsIn 5 cadaver models, implantation of the Augmenta CPI increased flaccid penile shaft base circumference from an average of 8.7 cm to 12.0 cm after implantation (39.1% increase, P < .001). Flaccid distal circumference increased from 7.3 cm to 10.3 cm (41.8% increase, P = .020). During the erect state, penile base circumference increased from an average of 12.5 cm to 13.7 cm (6.3% increase, P = .273), while distal erect circumference changed from an average of 11.3 cm to 12.4 cm (9.7% increase, P = .298). Nonstretched flaccid shaft length increased from an average of 12.1 cm to 14 cm (15.2% increase, P = .073).Clinical ImplicationsThe Augmenta CPI could serve as alternative option for men seeking cosmetic penile enhancement.Strengths and LimitationsLimitations include a small number of cadavers which do not completely reproduce living physiologic function and the use of a single technical approach. However, a consistent and standardized surgical approach reduces operator-dependent outcomes. Another strength is the use of fresh human cadavers that most closely represent live models.ConclusionIn a cadaveric model, the Augmenta CPI demonstrates enhancements in penile girth in both the flaccid and erect state. The unique honeycomb technology, the embedded polyester mesh, and the antimicrobial hydrophilic coating of the Augmenta CPI may provide an advantage to currently available CPIs. Clinical trials will be needed to demonstrate both the safety and feasibility. Clavell-Hernández J, Tatem AJ, Lipshultz LI, et al. The Augmenta Implant: A Cadaver Model of a Novel Anatomic Subdermal Implant for Cosmetic Penile Enhancement. Sex Med 2021;9:100447.

Outcomes of Ipsilateral Femoral Neck and Shaft Fractures Treated With Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation 2.

Ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures are relatively rare fractures, which most commonly occur in young adults following high-energy trauma. In most cases of such fractures, neck fracture is undisplaced and often of basicervical type. Many treatment methods have been described, but there is still no generalized consensus on the same. Cephalomedullary nails are one of the preferred modalities of treatment. A cephalomedullary nail-like proximal femoral nail antirotation 2 (PFNA 2) of recent design is being widely used currently. In this study, we present 13 cases of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures treated with PFNA 2 implants. The advantages of the PFNA 2 system include reduced blood loss, reduced operative time, and fewer fluoroscopy shots. PFNA 2 is a biomechanically better implant than many cephalomedullary implants. It provides satisfactory results in ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures, especially where neck fracture is of a basicervical type. Some aspects have to be taken care of when employing PFNA 2, such as anatomical reduction, and length, angulation, and rotation of both neck and shaft.

An assessment of function, intraspecific variation, and taxonomic reliability of eremobatid ctenidia (Arachnida: Solifugae)

Camel spiders, members of the order Solifugae, are a diverse but poorly understood order of arachnids. The conserved morphology within many groups in the order makes species delimitation and identification challenging. In the North American family Eremobatidae, swollen setae called ctenidia are a common character employed in species delimitation, diagnoses, and identification. Unlike many other arachnid systems, the traditional use of ctenidia characters in eremobatid taxonomy and species identification does not allow for intraspecific variation, despite variation being common in this character system. To access and document the extent of intraspecific variation in this system, a combination of light microscopy and scanning electron micrographs (SEM) were used to survey and document the inter- and intraspecific variation of ctenidia shaft number, shape, and relative length. Additionally, these characters were also evaluated for species-group level and/or genus level taxonomic utility by evaluating the phylogenetic signal for each using a previously published molecular phylogeny as a context. Lastly, as ctenidia have no known biological function, we also assessed ctenidia shaft morphology for evidence of mechano- and/or chemoreceptive function. Observations from nearly 800 museum specimens indicate that ctenidia characteristics are generally far more variable within individual species than previous taxonomic literature indicates, necessitating increased caution for utilization in species diagnoses, delimitation and identifications. Phylogenetic signal was detected for shaft number and shape, but shaft length was not constrained by phylogenetic proximity. Scanning electron micrographs did not reveal morphology consistent with arachnid mechano- or chemoreception, as evidenced by a lack of pores or shaft mobility. Although the biological function of ctenidia remains elusive, the presence of phylogenetic signal and shifts in shaft number and shape may indicate some functional significance yet undiscovered.

Hypospadias

Hypospadias

Vibration Analysis of the Drivetrain in Dependence on the Type of Gearbox Suspension Bushing

Abstract In the vast majority of technical applications, there is a necessity to transmit the torque from drive to driven machine together with the demand to overcome great distance between given devices. One of the solutions of this problem is the use of a cardan shaft. Operations of connecting shaft and drivetrain are accompanied by oscillations negatively influencing the driver comfort. Main subject of this article is the measurement of vibrations on different parts of a heavy truck and its evaluation by FFT analysis. Measurements are performed with two kinds of suspension bushing which are compared with to each other. Based on the previous measuring, influence of cardan shaft length was also investigated. First of all, dependency on the length of the cardan shaft on deflection angles for V arrangement was evaluated by analytical method. The theoretical introduction is followed by research of eigen frequency depending on the length of the cardan shaft. The results obtained by modal analysis in FEM are verified by experimental modal analysis [1].

Utilization and Outcomes of Radial Artery Access for Lower Extremity Endovascular Intervention

Radial artery access has become popular for cardiac interventions, but its role in lower extremity interventions is not well defined. We aimed to describe current utilization and outcomes of transradial access for lower extremity interventions. Peripheral vascular intervention (PVI) from 2016-2020 where transradial access was employed in the Vascular Quality Initiative (VQI) registry were studied. Cases before 2016 were excluded as documentation of transradial access was not possible in earlier years. PVIs involving radial artery access were evaluated with regard to access guidance, access-site complications, target vessels treated and the technical success of these interventions. Of 167,098 PVIs, 1,096 (0.66%) involved radial access. Utilization varied significantly by region (P < 0.01). The left radial artery was used in 66.9% of cases. Ultrasound-guided access was documented in 72.7% of cases. There were no significant differences in age, body mass index, or sex between the transradial group and other PVIs. In 450 procedures, a second access site was utilized, most commonly a retrograde femoral access (60.0%) or retrograde pedal access (16.7%). The largest sheath was 6-Fr in 78.0%. Interventions documenting radial-only access more commonly treated the aortoiliac segment (49.4% vs. 29.5%, P < 0.001) and less commonly treated the tibial segments (7.1% vs. 32.1%, P < 0.001). Technical success was 94.0%, with inability to cross the lesion (3.1%) and residual stenosis after treatment (2.2%) being most common. There were access-site complications in 2.9%, with hematoma (2.4%) being most common. Radial access is associated with high technical success rates and low access-site complication rates. Advances in device profile and shaft length may overcome shortcomings of transradial access and lead to further utilization of this access site.

Dynamic Analysis of Ball Screw Feed System with the Effects of Excitation Amplitude and Design Parameters

In this paper, a nine degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the ball screw feed system considering the contact nonlinearity between balls and raceways is established to analyze the vibration characteristics. The position relationship between raceway centers for the ball screw and bearings is determined by using the homogeneous coordinate transformation, and then the restoring force functions along the axial and lateral directions are derived. The dynamic equations of the feed system are solved by using Newmark method, and the proposed model is verified by the experimental method. Furthermore, the effect of the excitation amplitude on the axial vibration of the feed system is investigated by the frequency-amplitude curve and 3-D frequency spectrum. With the increase of excitation amplitude, the dynamic response of the feed system exits the softening, hardening type nonlinearity and jump phenomenon. Additionally, the effects of the initial contact angle, length of screw shaft and number of loaded balls on the axial vibration of the feed system in the resonance region are discussed. The results show that the dynamic model established in this paper is suitable for improving the machining accuracy and stability of the ball screw feed system.

Randomized control trial to study the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich plasma as intraoperative holding solution in hair restoration surgery: A pilot study

BackgroundHair restoration surgery is a definitive surgical procedure undertaken for androgenetic alopecia (AGA). Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapy has gained importance in recent times as a valuable adjunct to therapy in hair restoration. However, the various beneficial effects of PRP as intraoperative holding solution hair restoration surgery remain to be objectively defined. MethodsTwenty cases of AGA were allocated into two groups (PRP and non-PRP). The follicular grafts harvested were stored in platelet-rich plasma/chilled ringers lactate solution depending on subject/control and were implanted in receding hairline using hair implanters. Patients were reviewed at the end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months using clinical and folliculoscopic images. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 20.0. ResultsFollicular growth as assessed using the percentage of grafts in actively growing phase posttransplant showed faster recovery from ‘shock effluvium’ in the PRP group when compared with the non-PRP group from Week 4, through Week 8 and 3 months with the ‘lead’ increases of percentage growth difference being statistically significant(P = 0.02) between the two groups. At the end of 6 months, 100% of patients recorded a hair shaft length of >10 mm in the PRP group, whereas only 20% achieved >10 mm length. The difference in hair densities between PRP and the non-PRP group from 4 weeks up to 6 months in the non PRP group remained significant (P < 0.05). ConclusionIntraoperative PRP as a holding solution improves outcome in hair restoration surgery by a significant improvement in the mean density of the implanted follicular unit grafts at 6 months.

Influence of geometric parameters of screw nozzles of a twin screw extrusion press on the oil output

The relevance of the study is due to the search for rational geometric parameters of screw nozzles and the identification of the influence of the compression ratio of twin screw extrusion presses on the oil compression process. An important criterion in this paper is the indicator of the value of oil yield to obtain economic profit. From the analysis of optimisation methods in similar studies, the following variable geometric parameters of screw nozzles were selected for twin screw extruders: axial pitch, channel width between turns, rig width of the turn, and nozzle length. Two sets of experimental working bodies with modified geometric parameters were manufactured based on theoretical calculations and computer modelling to improve the working bodies of the EK 75/1200 twin screw extrusion press. Their theoretical compression ratio is determined, which is 5.50 and 4.33, respectively. It is also defined for the basic set of working bodies, which was recommended by the manufacturer, which was 4.69. It is established that the general nature of changes in the free volume along the length of the screw shaft is accompanied by an uneven decrease from 40 to 80% toward the press cake output. From the reviewed scientific literature, it was identified that the nature of changes in the free volume of turns along the length of the screw shaft characterises the correctness of its design. However, after analysing the results of the work performed, it was determined that the selection of rational geometric parameters of the working bodies should be considered in conjunction with other structural parameters, which will further intensify the oil compression process. It is experimentally confirmed that the oil yield depends on the degree of compression due to the geometric parameters of the screw nozzles. The oil yield increased by 0.9% when using a set of working bodies of set 1 when compared with the basic set of working bodies from the manufacturer’s factory (set 2) in terms of volume of processed raw materials per unit will bring additional profit. It was determined that with the production volume of 50 tons of oil with an improved set of working bodies (set 1), the economic effect amounted to UAH 19,250

The assessment of facial asymmetry in patients with uni- or bilateral cleft lip and palate

Introduction : A cleft is a congenital defect involving a partial or complete disruption of continuity in the anatomical tissues in places associated with the embryological development of the face. The aim of the study was to assess the extent of facial asymmetry in patients with uni- or bilateral cleft lip and palate. Materials and methods : Sixty-six patients with a cleft lip and palate (unilateral and bilateral) participated in the study. Three anthropometric measurements were examined: the length of the mandibular shaft (gonion-gnathion – go-gn), and the length (nostril anterius-nostril posterius – na-np) and width (nostril laterale-nostril mediale – nl-nm) of the nostrils. The diversity of asymmetry among the defect types and the relationship between sex, age, and type of cleft (bilateral vs. unilateral) were assessed against indicators of asymmetry. The data were statistically analyzed using Statistica PL (ver. 12, Statsoft, Poland). Results : Patients with a unilateral and bilateral cleft presented an asymmetry of length and width of the nostrils. The sex and age of the patients and the type of cleft did not affect the asymmetry of the evaluated anthropometric parameters. Conclusions : There was an asymmetry in the width and length of the nostrils, but the direction of this asymmetry had no relation to the location of the defect. The asymmetry of the width of the nostrils decreased with the age of the patient, regardless of the type of cleft. The cleft lip and palate (unilateral and bilateral) did not intensify the asymmetry of the length of the mandibular shaft. However, the direction of asymmetry in the length of the mandible was dependent on the side of the cleft – in unilateral clefts, the mandibular body usually had a slightly longer length on the healthy side of the face.

Increased agitation reliability for slurry suspension in mineral processing

Regular maintenance shutdowns are required for mineral processing tanks to clean sedimentation and scale. The labour cost and loss of production during maintenance negatively impact on the economics of the operation. Swirl Flow (SF) technology was developed to improve the reliability of agitation and to maximise tank online time between maintenance intervals. This technology simplifies the engineering in agitator mechanical design with reduced shaft length and removal of baffles. Tests showed that swirling flow could provide more energy efficient suspension compared with draft tubes or multiple impeller designs. It is demonstrated that SF is capable of suspending solids at very high concentration, which is impractical with a conventional agitator. A more uniform velocity over the tank wall surface is generated under SF, free of stagnant zones in the upper corner of the tank and other areas commonly encountered in conventional agitator designs. This feature reduces the formation of large lumpy scale that could form in the stagnant zones. Compared with a conventional agitator designs, SF provides mixing homogeneity with slightly longer mixing time.

Effect of Coupled Torsional and Transverse Vibrations of the Marine Propulsion Shaft System

In this study, the coupled torsional–transverse vibration of a propeller shaft system owing to the misalignment caused by the shaft rotation was investigated. The proposed numerical model is based on the modified version of the Jeffcott rotor model. The equation of motion describing the harmonic vibrations of the system was obtained using the Euler–Lagrange equations for the associated energy functional. Experiments considering different rotation speeds and axial loads acting on the propulsion shaft system were performed to verify the numerical model. The effects of system parameters such as shaft length and diameter, stiffness and damping coefficients, and cross-section eccentricity were also studied. The cross-section eccentricity increased the displacement response, yet coupled vibrations were not initially observed. With the increase in the eccentricity, the interaction between two vibration modes became apparent, and the agreement between numerical predictions and experimental measurements improved. Given the results, the modified version of the Jeffcott rotor model can represent the coupled torsional–transverse vibration of propulsion shaft systems.

Erectile function after partial penectomy for penile cancer.

ABSTRACTPurpose:To evaluate the erectile function in patients who underwent partial penectomy and identify factors associated with penile functional status.Materials and Methods:We identified patients who underwent partial penectomy due to penile cancer between 2009 and 2014. Clinical and pathological characteristics included patient age at the time of diagnosis, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, metabolic syndrome, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) status, penile shaft length, tumor size, primary tumor stage (pT), clinical nodal status, and local recurrence. Erectile function was assessed prospectively with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) at least 3 months after partial penectomy.Results:A total of 81 patients met analysis criteria. At the diagnosis, the median age was 62 years (range from 30 to 88). Median follow-up was 17 months (IQR 7-36). Of total patients, 37 (45%) had T2 or higher disease. Clinically positive nodes were present in 16 (20%) patients and seven (8.6%) developed local recurrence. Fifty patients (62%) had erectile dysfunction (ED) after partial penectomy, 30% had moderate or severe erectile dysfunction scores. Patients with ED versus without ED were similar in baseline characteristics except for age, penile shaft length, and presence of inguinal adenopathy (p <0.05). Multivariate analysis using logistic regression confirmed that older patients, shorter penile shaft length, and clinically positive lymph node were significantly associated with ED.Conclusion:Partial penectomy due to penile cancer provides adequate local control of the disease, however, proper counselling is important especially in relation to ED consequences. Preservation of penile length yields to more optimal erectile recovery.