Shadowing Research Articles

Selective Attention Measurement of Experienced Simultaneous Interpreters Using EEG Phase-Locked Response.

We quantified the electroencephalogram signals associated with the selective attention processing of experienced simultaneous interpreters and calculated the phase-locked responses evoked by a 40-Hz auditory steady-state response (40-Hz ASSR) and the values of robust inter-trial coherence (ITC) for environmental changes. Since we assumed that an interpreter's attention ability improves with an increase in the number of years of experience of simultaneous interpretation, we divided the participants into two groups based on their simultaneous interpretation experience: experts with more than 15 years of experience (E group; n = 7) and beginners with <1 year (B group; n = 15). We also compared two conditions: simultaneous interpretation (SI) and shadowing (SH). We found a significant interaction in the ITC between years of SI experience (E and B groups) and tasks (SI and SH). This result demonstrates that the number of years of SI experience influences selective attention during interpretation.

Development of new health provision models by advanced practice midwives - The Master of Science in Midwifery at the Bern University of Applied Sciences (BFH): an educational concept for the future

Background: The increase in chronic diseases, dealing with a diverse clientele, the rapidly developing digitalization in healthcare as well as the demand for interprofessionalism poses complex demands on the midwifery as profession. Within this context institutions of higher education are expected to train midwives as trendsetters in the development of new, integrated healthcare models which can meet the health needs of mothers and their families. Goal: The goal of the master course in midwifery is to increase awareness of the relevance of current challenges in maternity care. Midwives are prepared to competently deal with current health issues, using innovative healthcare models, by taking on advanced and specialized roles. Methods: The course imparts knowledge and know-how for midwives who wish to prepare to take on duties in modern obstetric and maternity care. Midwifery master students complete interprofessional course modules, such as Ethics, Advanced Practice or Health Policy and Health Economics, conjointly with fellow students of nursing, physiotherapy as well as nutrition and dietetics degrees. Three profession-specific course modules focus on the challenges imposed by complex processes in perinatal care. Results: The case study of a 5th semester student shows how the course supports the development of the new role of an Advanced Practice Midwife (APM) in the field of perinatal mental health. As an assignment within the profession-specific course module Perinatal Mental Health the student developed a concept draft for an APM role. She presented the concept in her own field of work, where she was charged with further developing and advancing the project. Furthermore, the student focused her Transfer Course modules on the project and deepened her skills in mental health and research skills through work shadowing in a research department and mental health ward, also called ,,Crisis lntervention Centre", in a university psychiatric clinic. Based on the APN model she finally developed how to establish the APM role in her master thesis. To conduct the needs assessment for mentally ill pregnant women and mothers she is conducting a secondary data analysis of a research project of the Division of Midwifery of BFH. Relevance: The establishment of integrated and intersectoral healthcare models is currently being discussed in Switzerland. The models require specific skills in healthcare professionals. The interprofessionally oriented master studies at BFH teach midwives to meet the requirements of needs-based, family-centred perinatal healthcare and strengthen its quality. Recommendations/Conclusions: The interlocking of master studies and practice offers the unique opportunity to further develop innovative healthcare models which are aimed at addressing present and future challenges in healthcare delivery and which are based on research.

“Shadowing a nurse” technique

No abstract available

Diversity Evaluation for Enhanced Detection in Multiple Input Multiple Output Vehicle - to - Vehicle Communication

Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication holds a promise to revolutionize road transport operations proposed in vehicular communications as an element of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). However, the vehicular communication channel suffers from low SNR arising from shadowing, multi-path fading and Doppler shift which degrade detection performance by increasing BER. MIMO techniques improvising diversity gain have been proposed as a mitigation factor to enhance detection. In this paper it is empirically determined that for given processing algorithm BER performance is linearly related to diversity order of the system. Simulations results indicate that detection performance increases with diversity order for a given processing algorithm dependent on the power loading algorithm.

Retracted: Controlling energy consumption by Internet of Things (IoT) applications

The concept of Internet-of-Things (IoT) emerged around two decades ago but has gained momentum during the last few years. The modern technology has infused this innovative paradigm on several scales but still lacks shadowing many aspects of our daily life. Several businesses have attempted its interjection in their processes, however, some of the features of IoT have been avoided by most of them due to its cryptic nature and requiring technical skills prior to its replete use. The development of IoT is well ahead of its need to be and linked to an inability of adopting its fast-paced changes along with the lack of strong business operational models. This paper contributes to the developing of a smart home where electrical appliances would react according to the environment while users would be able to control them through smart gadgets. The conventional setup of arranging and organising the electrical appliances is compared to the newly-developed, several patterns have been observed through which carbon footprints and electricity consumption could be reduced. The collected data has been analysed and it proves that IoT does not only helps save energy consumption but also to save the environment. This paper also highlights the challenges faced by consumers who are affected by the penetration of IoT into their lives along with benefits of infusing IoT applications. The overall theme of this paper is, therefore, to make the consumer understand the benefits of IoT applications into their lives using Arduino setup to control electrical home appliances as a benchmark.

Characteristics of Thermally-Induced Near-Surface Flows over an Enclosed Crater: Observations of the Meteor Crater Experiment (METCRAX)

AbstractMeteorological measurements of the Meteor Crater Experiment (METCRAX) were used to analyze the characteristics of the thermally-induced flows over an enclosed crater (Arizona, USA). Despite its relatively small size, this crater acts as an effective wind shelter. Daytime upslope winds and nocturnal downslope flows are regularly observed on its west/east sidewalls. The times of diurnal wind-direction shift (i.e., around sunrise and sunset) were slightly mismatched between the sites based on the east and west sidewalls, owing to the crater’s shadowing effects. Under conditions of relatively weak synoptic forcing, the nocturnal downslope flows prevail throughout the night, despite quite a low wind velocity near the surface.

Efficient Pathloss Model for determining Mobile Radio Link Design

The focus of this paper is on efficient pathloss model for determining mobile radio link design. A fixed 3G BTS transmitter was also used to generate the data. Log-normal shadowing model was used to analyse the data. The calculated data were compared using path loss exponent and standard deviation. They were found to be within the specified range for urban area cellular radio environment like Enugu urban. The result is a provision of a link design network with an adequate coverage and quality of service.

Research on parton distributions in nucleon

We present the parton distributions at leading order(LO) coming from GJR,MSTW and CTEQ parton sets and compare them at different momentum scales.Obvious differences exist in their gluon and sea quark distributions at small x region.Itindicates that people have not known the nucleon parton distributions very well.We analysze the influence of higher twist effects,i.e.,the shadowing effects and anti-shadowing effects,on parton distributions.Because of the shadowing effects,the twist-4 gluon and sea quark distributions are smaller than the twist-2 distributions at small and middle x region,while,the anti-shadowing effects make the twist-4 gluon and sea quark distributions larger than the twist-2 distributions at x≥2 region.Finally,we present a detailed analysis of how the proton's momentum is shared among various parton flavors at different Q~2 for different parton sets.With the numerical calculation,we show that the MD-DGLAP equations are momentum conservation.

Diagnostic value of color Doppler twinkling artifact and in urinary calcium stones: an in vitro experiment

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of twinkling artifact in urinary calcium stones. Methods Calcium oxalate monohydrate, hydroxyapatite and whitlockite stone phantoms were prepared and embedded in porcine kidneys for ultrasound scanning. The length and width of twinkling artifact were measured. The intensity of twinkling artifact and the contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N ratio) of acoustic shadowing were recorded and all the data was analyzed statistically. Results All the stone phantoms generated twinkling artifact and acoustic shadowing. The difference of the intensity, length and width of twinkling artifact and the C/N ratio of acoustic shadowing had statistically significant each composition (P<0.01). There was no overlap between 95% confidence interval of the intensity of twinkling artifact for any two compositions, and any two compositions of stones could be differentiated by the intensity of twinkling artifact (P<0.05). The C/N ratio of acoustic shadowing of calcium oxalate monohydrate and whitlockite stone phantoms were higher than those of hydroxyapatite ones (P<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve displayed that the cutoff value of 1 127 of the intensity of twinkling artifact could be used to diagnose hydroxyapatite stones. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and area under the curve (AUC) were 74%, 68%, 69.8%, 72.3% and 0.743 respectively. Conclusions Twinkling artifact could be used to differentiate the calcium stones, which will be helpful for clinical treatment. Key words: Ultrasonography; Kidney calculi; Twinkling artifact

Characteristics of fundus image in combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium

Objective To investigate the characteristics of fundus image in patients with combined hamartoma of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium (CHRRPE).Methods Eight eyes of 8 cases with CHRRPE were included in this study.There were 5 males and 3 females,ranging from 6 to 21 years old (mean 14.13 years).In all cases,unilateral eye was affected.The best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 0.02 to 0.2.The intraocular pressure in all eyes was normal.The ocular anterior segment in all cases was alright.For all cases,fundus photography,fundus autofluorescence (AF),fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were taken.The characteristics of fundus image were analyzed.Results All the CHRRPE lesions located at posterior pole,presenting as yellow-white elevations,surrounded by hyperpigmentation.Retinal vascular tortuosity and proliferation of epiretinal membrane were found in all CHRRPE lesions.In 8 affected eyes,lesions were involved in macula and optic disc in 3 eyes (37.5％),lesions were located in macula in 5 eyes (62.5％).AF images showed lesion bulges and the surrounding hyperpigmentation corresponding to the local hypo-AF in 7 eyes (87.5％),dense epiretinal membrane corresponding to the local hyper-AF in 1 eye (12.5％).FFA showed local hypofluorescence of choroidal background corresponding to lesions and the surrounding hyperpigmentation,tortuous retinal vascular due to traction of shrinkage membranes.Retinal capillary leakage and the fluorescence brightness gradually increased in all lesions.No retinal hemorrhage,exudation,area of capillary non-perfusion,retinal and choroidal neovascularization could be found in 8 CHRRPE eyes.SD-OCT showed disorganized and elevated lesion with uneven reflectivity in inner retina,mild attenuation of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment junction in all CHRRPE eyes.Of the 8 CHRRPE eyes,cavernous hypo-reflective shadowing due to the shielded optical signal acquisition below dense epiretinal membranes in 2 eyes (25.0％),membrane-like hyper-reflective signals connecting with RPE in 1 eyes (12.5％).Conclusions Decreased AF appear in the location of CHRRPE lesion and the surrounding hyperpigmentation.Hypofluorescence of choroidal background can be found in the early phase of FFA,the fluorescence brightness of CHRRPE lesion gradually increases in FFA process.The retinal elevation,attenuated signal reflection of the RPE and photoreceptor inner segment/ outer segment junction in CHRRPE lesion can be verified by OCT. Key words: Retinal diseases; Hamartoma/diagnosis; Fluorescein angiography; Tomography, optical coherence

Enhancement of Indoor Localization by Path-Loss Reduction Using Modified RSSI Technique

Localization is one of the most challenging and important issue in wireless sensor networks (WSN), especially if cost effective approaches are demanded. Distance measurement based on RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) is a low cost and low complexity of the distance measurement technique, and it is widely applied in the range-based localization of the WSN. The RSS (Received Signal Strength) used to estimate the distance between an unknown node and a number of reference nodes with known co-ordinates. Location of the target node is then determined by trilateration. Log-normal shadowing model can better describe the relationship between the RSSI value and the distance. Due to the Non-line of sight and multipath transmission effects in the indoor environment, the distance error or ranging error will be large. It is a challenging task to optimize the transmission power of WSNs, in presence of path loss, because although increasing the transmission power reduces the residual energy, it also reduces the number of retransmissions required. In this paper, experimental results that are carried out to analyze the sensitivity of RSSI measurements in an indoor environment for various power levels are presented. Along with the reduction in the Distance error through improved RSSI technique, Path-loss also reduced comparatively.

Shadowing and training needed for nurses’ revalidation by NMC

Shadowing and training needed for nurses’ revalidation by NMC

Consequences of shadowing property of G-spaces

Consequences of shadowing property of G-spaces

Closed-loop transmit diversity (transmit beamforming) for mitigation of interference and multipath fading in wireless communication systems

The wireless communication channel suffers from many impairments such as the thermal noise often modeled as Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN), the path loss in power as the radio signal propagates, the shadowing due to the presence of fixed obstacles in the radio path, and the fading which combines the effects of multiple propagation paths and the rapid movement of mobile units reflectors. Deploying multiple antennas at the transmitter has been shown to increase diversity and therefore improve signal quality with increased throughput. This paper proposes a transmit diversity scheme, where multiple transmit antennas are used at the transmitter. A feedback path is provided from the receiver to communicate the channel seen by the receiver to the transmitter (closed-loop). When closed-loop transmit diversity is applied, the symbol from each transmit antenna is multiplied with a complex number corresponding to the inverse of the phase of the channel so as to ensure that the signals add constructively at the receiver. From this research it was found that sending the same information on multiple transmit antenna does not always provide diversity gain. However if the transmitted symbols are multiplied by a complex phase to ensure that the phases align at the receiver, there is diversity gain though the bit error rate performance seems to be slightly poorer than the maximal ratio combining case.

Pilomatrixoma in Breast

A 47 years old, male, referred node in left breast, little painful to handling, 2 months ago. Reporting trauma in thoracic region 6 months ago, when suffered fall from height. Personal and family history negative. Physical examination: node of 1.5 cm, hardened in region to ids 0.5 cm of the areola and not linked to axilary lynph nodes. Laboratory tests: mammography birads iv ace of costs of node with limits indistict + microcalcifications inside and ultrasonography showing lobulated node, heterogeneous, posterior acoustic shadowing producer and with increased vascularization. Birads category iv. Submitted to excisional biopsy and the freezing of examination showed up negative for malignant neoplasm and is confirmed diagnosis of pilomatrixoma. Pilomatrixomas are uncommon benign skin neoplasms arising from the hair follicle matrix. They occur more commonly in children than adults. Most originate on the head, neck, or upper extremities, less commonly on the trunk or lower extremities, and very infrequently in the breast. Despite a very low propensity for malignant degeneration, surgical excision is the treatment of choice for pilomatrixomas, mainly for symptomatic and cosmetic reasons in. Given the age, location, and low chance of malignant degeneration, conservative management may be considered in rare case of pilomatrixoma of the adult breast. Developing in the subcutaneous tissue and arising from the matrix cells of the hair bulb, these benign tumors usually develop during the first two decades of life and have been very rarely described to degenerate to pilomatrixcarcinoma. Commonly found on the head with the cheek being a frequent location, followed by the neck and upper extremities in decreasing frequency. Pilomatrixomas are very rarely found in the breast. Surgery is curative and reoccurence after excision is rare. A differential diagnosis of a superficial breast lesion includes seborrheic keratosis, dermal nevus, epidermal inclusion cyst, and basal cell carcinoma. Much less frequently, dermal or subdermal lesions can represent or hemangioma breast carcinoma. We suggest a conservative approach of interval follow-up for any small superficial breast mass with benign imaging characteristics. Such masses can be assigned into a BI-RADS 3 category without a pathologic diagnosis or following a benign biopsy result to ensure stability over time. Also, conservative management can be considered in cases of pilomatrixoma of the adult breast. Although, most advise surgical excision of the tumor, especially in a pediatric population, an asymptomatic pilomatrixoma cosmetically acceptable to the patient seems safe to monitor with imaging as there is very low chance of malignant degeneration. CONCLUSIONS: pilomatrixomas represent table with benign neoplasm of rare differential diagnosis with breast cancer. Be construed as malignant neoplasm in due to find the fna keratinous material. The treatment is the simple exeresis of the tumor. A recurrence is rarely observed. When multiple recurrences are observed, one most make differential diagnosis of a pilomatrix carcinoma. Rarely may be associated with myotonic dystrophy and the rubinstein-taybi syndrome.

Shadowing a Floor Nurse: Increasing Our Scope

Shadowing a Floor Nurse: Increasing Our Scope

An effective way to improve listening skills through shadowing

While improving listening comprehension skills has been one of the most difficult areas for language teachers and learners, shadowing has been playing a sensational role in improving learners’ listening skills in Japan in recent years. Most studies reported the effectiveness of short-term shadowing training in terms of learners’ listening skill improvement. However, how teachers can improve the skills effectively has not been fully examined. In order to explore a more effective procedure for teaching through shadowing, this study examined the shadowing procedure as a method of teaching listening. The research question was to determine whether the use of a combination of two levels of materials for shadowing improves learners’ listening comprehension skills better than materials of similar difficulty levels. The results show that a combination of the two different difficulties of materials improves learners’ listening comprehension skills more than offering materials at only one level of difficulty. リスニング力向上は教師・学習者にとって最も難しい分野であるが、近年シャドーイングは日本で重要な役割を担っている。多くの研究では、短期間のシャドーイング訓練の効果自体は報告されているが、どのように効果的に向上させるかについては十分には深められていない。シャドーイングを用いた、より効果的な指導法を研究するために、本論ではその方法を追及する。本論の目的は、難易度の異なる教材を組み合わせた場合と同程度の難易度の教材を使用した場合のどちらが効果的かを検討することである。その結果、難易度の異なる教材を組み合わせた場合の方が効果的だということが確認された。

Stereoscopic study of renal proximal tubular basement membrane by quick-freezing and deep-etching method.

Rat kidney tissue was quickly frozen, fractured and deeply etched. A replica was prepared by shadowing with platinum and carbon. The proximal tubular basement membrane was found to be different from that in conventional ultrathin sections. The lamina lucida was not electron translucent but filled with a traversing filamentous structure, which connected the tubular cell membranes with the lamina densa. The lamina densa had a three-dimensional polygonal meshwork structure. This meshwork was composed of fibrils (6-9 nm in thickness). In the lamina reticularis, collagen fibrils and micro-threads formed a loose network structure. The traversing filamentous structure in the lamina lucida might serve as an anchorage for the cell membranes and extracellular matrices.

Nondensity of the orbital shadowing property in $C^{1}$-topology

Nondensity of the orbital shadowing property in $C^{1}$-topology

Comparison of Spectrum Sensing Algorithms for Cognitive Radio Systems

Cognitive radio (CR), which is proposed as a technology that utilizes the frequency resources effectively, has studied to relive scarcity of the frequency resources. CR provides opportunistically under-utilize licensed frequency to the secondary user. However, in the wireless channels, due to the effect of fading and shadowing environments, spectrum sensing performance is compromised. Besides, to detect and classify various CR systems, a novel spectrum sensing algorithm is needed. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed the spectrum sensing algorithm with water marking scheme.