Shading Effect Research Articles

Study and analysis of partial shading effect on power production of a photovoltaic string controlled by three different MPPT techniques: P&O, PSO and ANN

Partial shading occurs when some of the solar panels are exposed to reduced irradiation. Partial shading can lead to creating peaks and troughs in power production. The goal of this study is to compare the effect of partial shading on the capacity of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) methods, to find the global maximum power point. To this end, the study focuses on performance simulation and discussion of Perturb and Observe (P&O), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) controls. Analysing the three MPPT controller's results, in terms of accuracy, the ANN and PSO controls showed high performance. On the other hand, the P\&O control showed lower accuracy, particularly under partial shading. For the speed of reaction, the P&O and ANN controls proved to be the fastest, while the PSO control showed a slightly longer response time. However, it is important to note that ANN approach presents added complexity in terms of conception.

Light Polymerization through Glass-ceramics: Influence of Light-polymerizing Unit's Emitted Power and Restoration Parameters (Shade, Translucency, and Thickness) on Transmitted Radiant Power.

This in vitro study assessed light transmission through ceramic discs varying in shade, translucency, and thickness using light-polymerizing units with different radiant power/flux (RP) outputs. Disc-shaped specimens (0.5 mm, 1.0 mm, and 2.0 mm) were made from high and low-translucency glass-ceramic ingots (IPS e.max Press) in shades A1 and A4, totaling 60 discs. Two light-polymerizing units with different power outputs were used, and their emission spectra were verified. The transmitted RP values for each ceramic specimen were measured and irradiance and radiant energy influx were calculated. Differences between the light-polymerizing units and the influence of the three ceramic parameters were evaluated using an independent-samples t-test and three-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests (α = 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed in the mean transmitted RP values between the two light-polymerizing units. Furthermore, the three-way ANOVA test showed a significant effect of shade, translucency, and thickness, as well as a significant interaction between each pair of variables and all three variables on the transmitted RP (P < 0.05). Despite the significant attenuation in the transmitted RP, especially in ceramics with higher shade chromaticity and thickness and lower translucency, the calculated minimal irradiance values for both light-polymerizing units (their emitted power ≥ 500 mW) were greater than the minimum recommended irradiance threshold (100 mW/cm2). However, the exposure duration needs to be increased to provide the resin with sufficient radiant exposure for adequate polymerization.

Nitrogen Fixation and Yield of Common Bean Varieties in Response to Shade and Inoculation of Common Bean

Light is not only a primary energy source, but it is also one of the environmental factors that affect plant growth and development. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is commonly produced in association with maize as subordinate intercrops in the Sidama region. Under such a production system, the shade effect may limit the photosynthetic and nitrogen-fixing capacity of common beans. The objective of the current study was to assess how inoculation and shade affect the ability to fix nitrogen and yield components of common beans. Three common bean varieties (Hawassa dume, Nassir, and Ibbado), two shade levels (open and 25% shade) as well as two levels of inoculation (uninoculated and inoculated) were used for these purposes. The experiment was set up in factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) in four replications. In this experiment, Rhizobium inoculation and shade significantly (p &lt; 0.05) affected the number of pods plant-1 and the number of seeds pod-1. The inoculated treatment produced the maximum number of pods plant-1 (14.02) and the lowest number of pods plant-1 (10.95) was obtained from uninoculated treatments. The results also showed that the inoculated Hawassa dume variety from the open treatments derived the maximum percentage of N from N2 fixation, whereas the non-inoculated Ibbado variety from the 25% shade treatments derived the lowest percentage of N. Common bean grown on full light had significantly greater N content than shade.

Shading Alleviates Damage of Short Term Salinity and Protects Leaf Pigments in Sweet Cherry

Salt stress negatively influences fruit yield and quality in trees. In addition to environmental stresses, excess energy from sunlight possesses harmful effects on plant metabolisms. Here we reveal the effects of shading on short term salinity stress in cherry plants. Salinity and shading treatments were introduced approximately two months after planting. Three shading levels (40%, 60%, and 80%) were applied. To induce moderate salinity stress, 35 mM NaCl (sodium chloride) was utilized for one month. Many morphological and physiological aspects and chlorophyll metabolism were evaluated. We found that the plant growth, stomatal conductance and chlorophyll biosynthesis were significantly retarded under salinity during a month. However, shading treatments alleviated the salinity damage. Moreover, salt stress hindered the biosynthesis of chlorophyll at Mg-Proto IX step. Shading treatments mitigated salinity damage associated with decreasing air and leaf temperature and preventing the loss of chlorophyll and the precursors and increasing anthocyanins. The results of the study showed that shading treatments possessed a protective effect on short term salinity in cherry plants.

Effect of shading, organic fertilizer and Gibberellic acid on the flowering growth of (Lavandula angustifolia) growing in Kalar city

The experiment was conducted in the city of Kalar for the period from April 1, 2022 to September 1. The experiment included three factors. The first factor is the percentage of shading at two levels open field and 50% lath house. The second factor was organic fertilizer for poultry (Penguin) at three levels (0, 25, 50) gm.plant-1, and the third factor was spraying with Gibberellic acid at three levels (0, 250, 500) mg. L-1. The experiment was designed according to a completely randomized design (R.C.B.D.). The results showed the following. The 0% shading treatment had a significant effect on the characteristics of the number of flower clusters (19,836 clusters per plant), the length of the flower clusters (23,327 cm), the length of the flower (7,768 cm), and the fresh weight of the flower. Inflorescence (0.390 g), and the number of flowers in one inflorescence (36,095 flowers. Pink inflorescence. Plant-1). As for the effect of organic fertilizer (Penguin), both concentrations (25 and 50 gm Plant-1) had a significant effect. Characteristics of flower spike length (23.239 and 23.217 cm). Inflorescence length (6.699, 7.133 cm), inflorescence fresh weight (0.292, 0.298 g), and number of flowers in inflorescence (30.438, 30.715 flowers. inflorescence. plant-1), respectively. As for the effect of spraying with Gibberellic acid, the concentration treatment (250 and 500 mg L-1) significantly affected the length of the flower spike (22.812 and 23.215 cm). Respectively, treatment with 250 mg.L-1 significantly affected the length of the inflorescence (6.977 cm) and the number of flowers per inflorescence (30.656 flowers.Flower-1).

Pyrolysis temperature matters: Biochar-derived dissolved organic matter modulates aging behavior and biotoxicity of microplastics

Microplastics (MPs) have emerged as a novel and highly concerning contaminant that is ubiquitous in the aqueous environment. However, the aging of MPs induced by dissolved organic matter (DOM), especially biochar-derived dissolved organic matter (BDOM), and the biological toxicity after aging are not fully understood. In this study, the effects of biochar-derived BDOMs on the photoaging and biotoxicity of MPs were investigated at different pyrolysis temperatures using micro-scale polyethylene (PE) as an example. The results showed that the amount of ·OH generated by the BDOM/PE systems was related to the molecular composition and structure of BDOMs. High temperature BDOM7/9 with less lignin-like (34.33 % / 41.80 %) and more lipid (24.58 % / 19.88 %) content could produce more ·OH by itself, and its binding ability with PE was weaker due to its less hydrophobic components (SUVA260 = 0.10 / 0.11), which resulted in a weaker shading effect and less inhibition of the system, thus resulting in more ·OH production in the high temperature BDOM7/9/PE system. However, the involvement of BDOM, although favoring the long-term stable ·OH production of the system, did not significantly promote the photoaging of MPs. Furthermore, combined in vivo and in vitro biotoxicity studies of MPs showed that photoaging PE with the involvement of BDOM greatly improved systemic inflammation and tissue damage, as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS, such as ·OH and -OH)-induced cell death. For example, the addition of BDOM5/PE-light reduced the cell death of human lung, liver, and kidney cells from 54.70 %, 69.39 %, and 48.35 % to 22.78 %, 33.13 %, and 25.83 %, respectively, compared to the PE-light group. The results of this study contribute to an in-depth understanding of the environmental behavior of BDOM and MPs systems.

Numerical simulation of the effect of street trees on outdoor mean radiant temperature through decomposing pedestrian experienced thermal radiation: A case study in Guangzhou, China

Street trees have often been proposed to improve the outdoor thermal environment. However, due to the combined effects generated by street trees, the impacts of street trees on the thermal radiation field in a street canyon and mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) reduction have not been systematically analyzed in previous studies. In this paper, we developed a Tmrt decomposition model using first-order Taylor series expansion to decompose the various factors of the street trees on Tmrt reduction and quantify their individual and combined effects in Guangzhou, China. Our results showed that street trees significantly reduce Tmrt and severe heat stress events (Tmrt ≥ 60 °C). For 80% tree crown cover, the maximum decrease of Tmrt by 26.2 °C - 42.1 °C and the severe heat stress events decreased by 197 h - 500 h over the course of a year at different sidewalk locations, compared to the street canyon without trees. During the daytime, the interception of radiation (especially short-wave radiation) by street trees was the primary determinant in reducing Tmrt, with a contribution that mostly exceeded 70%. Additionally, the shading effects of street trees decreased the short-wave radiation reflected from urban surfaces, contributing about 20% to Tmrt reduction. Lastly, our results also showed the leaf area index played an important role in the Tmrt reduction. Our study quantified the individual and combined effects of each factors of reducing Tmrt by street trees, which will better understand the thermal benefits of urban street trees.

Influence of Light Irradiation on Nitrification in Microalgal–Bacterial Systems for Treating Wastewater

The use of bacterial and microalgal consortia to remove nitrogen from wastewater has garnered attention as a potential alternative to conventional systems. This approach not only reduces energy consumption but also aids in nutrient recovery. Light is essential for algae photosynthesis; however, nitrifying bacteria are also influenced by light radiation. This mini-review summarizes the current knowledge concerning photoinhibition, the light stimulation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB), resistance to light radiation, the implementation of microalgal–bacterial systems, and the possible mechanisms involved. Nitrosomonadaceae AOB and Nitrospiraceae nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) often coexist in a microalgal–bacterial system. Studies have suggested that AOB can tolerate light radiation at 200 μmol m−2·s−1 in microalgal–bacterial systems, whereas NOB are almost completely suppressed, which can result in partial nitrification in the bioreactor. An appropriate light level can stimulate AOB growth in microalgal–bacterial granular reactors and may improve algae metabolic activity. Granular sludges or artificial “light-shielding hydrogel” could effectively protect nitrifying bacteria from light intensities up to 1600 μmol m−2·s−1 in wastewater treatment reactors. Microalgal–bacterial systems along with the associated “algal shading effect” have been widely used in pond aquaculture. This approach minimizes the need for costly mechanical aeration through photo-oxygenation and facilitates nutrient recovery by filter-feeding fish.

Chitosan embedded with ZnO nanoparticles and hydroxyapatite: synthesis, antiphytopathogenic activity and effect on tomato grown under high density

This study aimed to the synthesis of the new composite ZnOHap@Cs made with ZnO nanoparticles, hydroxyapatite and chitosan, and to examine its effect on tomato grown under normal conditions or under high density in the greenhouse. In addition, its antimicrobial activities were assessed in vitro against several fungal phytopathogens, and in planta against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, the causal agent of bacterial speck disease of tomato. Results showed that ZnOHap@Cs was able to reduce radial growth of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. melonis and Alternaria solani by more than 75 and 67%, respectively. Furthermore, the composite revealed to be effective in reducing disease severity of bacterial speck when used as a foliar spray. Our study showed that the variety of tomato, Campbell 33, was affected by shade generated when grown at high density, as evidenced by increased plant height, stem thinning, decreased root biomass, and reduced photosynthetic pigments and net photosynthesis. ZnOHap@Cs treatment enhanced root biomass, content of photosynthetic pigments, and net photosynthesis of tomato when grown under low density. However, most of these variables were maintained in pre-treated plants when they grow at high density. These results highlight that ZnOHap@Cs improves partly plant physiological properties to cope with the effect of shade, and it could be used as effective fungicides for sustainable health plant protection.

Partial Shading Effect on Power Generation of BIPV System in Bangladesh

The research tries to observe the power difference for the PV module in the case of the partial and void of partial shading in Bangladesh. For analysis of the partial shading effect on the PV module it is necessary to establish an experiment set up for the PV module. To investigate the power output from PV module the partial shading effect has been generated using the paper coverage. The experimental result shows that the photovoltaic module can generate up to 41% more power output in the case of the void of the shading effect rather than in the shading effect. Around 50% portion of the PV module has been shaded for making partial shading effect. The other important factors influencing the output power of the PV module are solar irradiance, cell temperature; ideality factor. To get the maximum output it is essential to avoid shading effect which will help to generate more power. In this paper, MATLAB simulation of PV module has been done showing the partial shading effect under consideration of various factors like series resistance, ideality factor, temperature. Partial shading effect has been created by varying the level of solar radiation. An experiment has been carried out to see the overall performance of PV module under shading effect at a fixed tilt angle.

Optimization of window solar gain for a building with less cooling load

Considering solar gain through the window (SGW), this study investigated the effects of installing shading on cooling load. Approving energy analysis for the base building (without shading), the cooling, heating, and annual energy demand were calculated. The best window angle and the best shading projection were obtained using the genetic algorithm. For the yearly minimum energy demand scenario, it was found that the window should be placed in the south direction, accompanied by the shading project with a maximum length of 20 cm. The results of the genetic algorithm revealed that for windows at the angle of 75–90°, the positive shading effects on annual energy demand become maximum. In this case, the shading reduces the yearly energy consumption by 3.1 %. The optimization showed that the shades have the best results for reducing the cold load for windows that are located in the azimuth angle between 135 and 180 °.

Shade Effect on Phenology, Fruit Yield, and Phenolic Content of Two Wild Blueberry Species in Northwestern Ontario, Canada.

We studied the effect of shade on the phenology, growth, berry yield, and chemical content of two common blueberry species (Vaccinium myrtilloides and V. angustifolium) in Northwestern Ontario. We hypothesized that high shade would delay vegetative and reproductive phenology and decrease berry yield by increasing resource allocation to vegetative vs. reproductive growth, whereas moderate shade would increase berry phenolic content and antioxidant capacity. We subjected transplanted blueberry plants to a controlled shade treatment and evaluated plant phenological events, vegetative and reproductive growth, berry phenolics, and antioxidant capacity. High shade caused an earlier leaf maturation in V. myrtilloides, delayed flowering in V. angustifolium, and prolonged fruit maturation in both. The berry yield of both species decreased with increasing shade. High shade reduced the berry phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, especially in V. myrtilloides. We concluded that shade shifts species-specific vegetative and reproductive phenology, leading to a difference in resource acquisition, resulting in lower berry yield and antioxidant activity.

Effect of Sand and Dust Shading on the Output Characteristics of Solar Photovoltaic Modules in Desertification Areas

Photovoltaic power generation is rapidly developing as a kind of renewable energy that can protect the ecological environment. The establishment of photovoltaic power stations in desertification areas can play a very important role in desert windbreaks and sand fixation as well as improve the ecological environment. The realization of the effective integration of photovoltaics and deserts can have multiple benefits for the economy, society, and ecology. However, the deposition of sand and dust caused by environmental factors in desertification areas can seriously affect the power generation efficiency of PV modules. In this study, the output characteristics of photovoltaic modules were tested under three wind speed conditions (5 m/s, 10 m/s, and 15 m/s), with different sand densities, sand particle sizes, and inclination angles. The experimental study showed that the module’s output power gradually decreased with an increase in the density of accumulated sand; the sand accumulation density on the surface of the photovoltaic module increased from 0 to 40 g/m2, and the maximum output power decreased by 32.2%. As the sand particle size increased, the maximum output power of the module rose and was gradually stabilized in the three wind speed groups. As the sand particle size increased, the maximum output power of the module increased and gradually stabilized in the three wind speed groups. When the wind speed was 15 m/s, the component output power of the angle had the largest drop; the tilt angle was 60° when the relative output power rate reached the minimum (i.e., 86.5%); that is, there was electrical energy loss of approximately 13.7%. The sand particle size and accumulated sand density were the control variables related to the module temperature and the transmittance of the proportion of the impact of the module filling factor differences. According to the curve analysis of the filling factor in different sand accumulation densities, the filling factor first increased and then decreased. In this test, the filling factor at the sand accumulation density of 35 g/m2 (module temperature valley) reached the peak value. The change trend for the component filling factor under different sand particle sizes fluctuated.

The Impact of Agrivoltaic Systems on Tomato Crop: A Case Study in Southern Italy

Agrivoltaics, a system combining the production of agricultural crops and solar energy on the same land area, offers a potential solution to land use competition between different sectors. However, concerns have been raised regarding the impact of shade on plant growth under Agrivoltaic Systems (AVSs). Numerous studies have explored the effects of AVSs shading on agricultural crops. However, most of these studies focused on shade-tolerant crops, leaving a gap in the understanding of how these systems affect shade-intolerant crops. To this end, this study was conducted in Bari, southern Italy, using two types of AVSs: conventional (Con) and semi-transparent (ST) panels. The objective was to assess the impacts of the different levels of shading on the tomato yield and fruit quality. Tomato cultivation occurred between May and August under various conditions: Con panels, ST panels, and Open Field. The results revealed that soil temperature decreased under both AVSs compared to in the open field conditions. However, the significant reduction in photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), up to 43% in ST and 67% in Con, led to yield reductions ranging between 28% and 58% in ST and Con, respectively. Nonetheless, AVSs demonstrated their potential to reduce irrigation water demand by over 15% in ST and more than 20% in Con. Interestingly, the AVSs reduced fruit size but improved certain fruit quality attributes, such as titratable acidity, which is closely correlated with fruit flavour. These findings highlight the challenges of cultivating shade-intolerant crops under AVSs in a Mediterranean climate, while temperate, dry conditions may offer more favourable prospects for agricultural production.

Effect of Shading, Licorice Extract and Mycorrhizal on the Growth and Production of Commercial Cut Flowers of Two Cultivars of Shrubby Roses

An experiment was conducted using the RCBD design, namely the Factorial Experiment within the Split-Split Plot. Complementary Storyline Shading, licorice extract, and mycorrhizal were tested on two cultivars of shrubby roses in a plastic greenhouse at the Department of Horticulture and Palms in the Baghdad Governorate during the spring of 2022 for their impact on the growth and production of commercial cut flowers. The use of two varieties of shrub roses, Angelina, red in color and Maroussia, white, using three levels of shading without shading and 25% and 50%. 1 + Maiko Raisa). And (chelated iron + mycorrhizal (1 g / liter-1 + mycorrhizae) and licorice extract + chelated iron + mycorrhizae). The flowers are of anthocyanin pigment, while the V2 variety was significantly superior to the V1 variety in flower stem diameter. While the characteristics of vegetative growth represented by the average leaf area and the content of leaves of chlorophyll and the characteristics of flowering growth represented by the diameter of the flower stem, the duration of the flower remaining on the plant and the content of flowers of the anthocyanin pigment were significantly superior when using shading levels 50% (S2) and the levels of fertilization consisting of mycorrhiza and licorice extract And chelated iron (F3) in all characteristics of vegetative and flowering growth.

Low soil moisture improved shading tolerance by regulating leaf functional traits in Tetracentron sinense Oliv. seedlings

Tetracentron sinense Oliv. is an endangered relict tree found in south-central China. A low number of seedlings among the natural populations has resulted in the poor regeneration of this species. However, the mechanisms underlying seedling survival and growth remain poorly understood. Leaf functional traits (LFT) likely characterize the growth and development of T. sinense in different ecological environments, playing a crucial role in its adaptive strategies to adversity. In this study, two-factor orthogonal control experiments with two levels of light intensity (L1: 50 % natural light intensity in forest edge; L2: 10 % natural light intensity in understory) and soil moisture content (W1: 30 % moisture content in valley; W2: 15 % moisture content in mountainside) were conducted to analyze the response of the LFT of 7-month-old T. sinense seedlings to different light and soil moisture conditions. With the light intensity decreased, superoxide dismutase activity decreased, and peroxidase activity increased. With a decrease in soil moisture, the contents of chlorophyll (Chl) a, Chl b, Chl t, and soluble sugar increased, and Chl a/b decreased. A decrease in light and soil moisture decreased leaf thickness, leaf dry weight, leaf dry matter content, leaf volume, chloroplast volume, and starch grains, but increased osmophilic grains, the total nitrogen, and phosphorus contents. Moreover, the chloroplast morphology of L2W2 was more complete than that of other treatments. The results showed that the LFT of T. sinense seedlings acted synergistically to adapt to different light and soil moisture conditions, low soil moisture alleviated the effects of shading in T. sinense seedlings, and T. sinense seedlings adopted the “quick investment-return strategy” adaptation strategy under L2W2. Finally, the soil moisture of the mountainside in the natural habitat was favorable to the survival and growth of T. sinense seedlings.

Experimental riparian forest gaps and increased sediment loads modify stream metabolic patterns and biofilm composition

AbstractForest management operations greatly influence stream habitats. Canopy clearing and subsequent canopy development during succession, site preparation, and ditching alter the light environment, and increase sediment inputs and nutrient exports from upland and riparian soils to streams. These physicochemical changes affect aquatic biofilms and metabolic rates, and in this study, we tested their individual and combined effects. We used 12 artificial streamside channels, together with a field survey of nine streams in and around clear‐cuts, to assess the effects of shading, substrate composition, and nutrient addition on biofilm biomass and composition, as well as metabolic rates. We found that biofilm biomass and gross primary production (GPP) were light limited in channels under 70% canopy shading. Nitrate additions at this shading level only marginally increased autotrophic biomass, while the rates of respiration increased 10‐fold when carbon was added. Open (unshaded) channels had three times higher rates of GPP compared with channels with 70% shading, and autotrophic biomass was twice as high, largely caused by the colonization of filamentous green algae. These changes to biofilm biomass, composition, and GPP were caused by differences in light alone, as temperature was not affected by the shading treatment. Notably, higher rates of GPP led to no positive effect on net ecosystem production. Further, fine‐grained substrates negatively affected GPP as compared with stone substrates in the experimental channels. In the surveyed streams, the negative effects of fine‐grained substrates exceeded the positive influence of light on biofilm biomass. Altogether, our results highlight the need for riparian management that protects headwaters from unwanted stressors by focusing on preventing sediment erosion and carbon transport in clear‐cuts, while providing variable shade conditions in second‐growth forests.

Influence of the active irrigation system on the vegetation façade

Urban population growth has resulted in land use changes and the replacement of many vegetated areas with hard dark surfaces. The altered surfaces warm the urban climate, a phenomenon known as the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Green systems such as vegetated facades significantly affect the outdoor microclimate through evapotranspiration cooling. In particular, the method of irrigation has a major influence on evaporation efficiency. This paper investigates the effect of an active vegetated façade irrigation system on the surface temperature behaviour of the envelope. The maximum difference between the surface temperature of the actively irrigated vegetation wall and the vegetation wall irrigated by hourly interval was almost 14°C. When comparing the surface temperatures of the actively irrigated vegetated façade with the non-vegetated façade - dark cladding, the maximum difference was almost 15°C. The difference between the surface temperature of the actively irrigated vegetated façade and the surface temperature behind the air cavity was almost 9°C. This reduction in temperature results in a shading effect of the vegetation wall. The use of vegetated structures is proving to be an effective tool and mitigation of temperatures in urban environments.

The Effects of Bypass Diodes on Partially Shaded Solar Panels

This study seeks to determine the effects of partial shading on the power output of solar panels and to test the effectiveness of bypass diodes in minimizing these effects. The first part of the study focuses on determining the effect of partial shade on the energy output of a solar panel. The second part of this study is aimed at establishing the effect that partial shade has on solar panel power output. In this study, partial shade was found to reduce the amount of energy generated by solar panels when compared to the solar panel in fully exposed conditions. After conducting experiments and reviewing scholarly works, this study concludes that partial shading does decrease the power produced by the solar panels, thus reducing the amounts of energy produced. Moreover, this research establishes that bypass devices are effective in mitigating these effects, which can improve the performance of the solar panel arrays, increasing the overall efficiency of solar panel systems. This research may offer support for the creation of new solar panel technologies that are more effective and efficient and can better endure the effects of partial shading, ultimately resulting in a global adoption of solar energy as a workable and sustainable energy source.

Effects of partial shading on thermal stress and exergetic efficiency for a high concentrator photovoltaic

Highly concentrated photovoltaic systems can produce higher energy yields than conventional photovoltaic panels but have yet to reach widespread deployment, partly because of lower lifetime and hence cost effectiveness. One limiting factor in the lifetime is the excessive generation of thermal stress. This study takes a multi-objective approach to the calibration of a highly concentrated photovoltaic thermal hybrid system. Novelty is found by exploring the relationship and trade-off between thermal stress and exergetic efficiency. A variety of optical configurations are compared by partially shading the input aperture of the primary optics. Similarly, adjustments to the receiver are made by changing the angle of the solar cell by 45°. To minimise light spillage. The primary and secondary optic positions stay the same throughout all calibrations.By experimentally validating a COMSOL model of the concentrator photovoltaic system (including irradiance distribution) a thorough analysis is conducted. It was found that the maximum thermal stress within the solar cell in this study could drop by almost 10 % with small losses (<3.5 %) to total exergetic efficiency after only small changes to receiver position. Further investigations into other specialised concentrator photovoltaics are required to understand the range of impact on thermal stress.