Shade Net Condition Research Articles

Assessing the Performance and Flower Quality of Dendrobium Varieties Grown Under Shade-net in Konkan Region

Dendrobium orchids are highly valued for their aesthetic appeal and durability, constituting a major segment of the global orchid market. A study was conducted in the Konkan region of Maharashtra (India) to determine the most suitable varieties for the specific climatic conditions of this area. The research was carried out under shade-net condition at the Hitech Nursery, College of Horticulture, Dapoli, in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) that included twelve varieties and thrice replications. The research revealed significant differences in various characteristics, including the timing of inflorescence emergence, spike length, the number of florets per spike, as well as flower length, diameter, and overall lifespan among different cultivars. During the findings, ‘Areedang Blue’ showed early inflorescence emergence as well as flowering (14.5 days), while ‘Thongchai Gold x Udom Yellow’ had late inflorescence emergence and flowering (19.89). The variety ‘White 5N’ was particularly noted for its extended spike length (57.60 cm) and consistently high florets per spike (10.66), while ‘Sonia Red’ was recognized for having the longest flower lifespan (62.59 days) with good flower size. Conversely, certain varieties such as ‘King Dragon’ and ‘Burana Jade x Madam Vipa’ did not expressed their potential to the local environment. This investigation offers prime information for the selection of best Dendrobium varieties suitable for cultivation in Konkan region under shade-net condition.

Performance of Different Aglaonema (Aglaonema commutatum) Varieties under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Conditions

The present investigation was undertaken in the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj, during August, 2023 to April, 2024. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with eight different aglaonema varieties viz., Dove, Earnest Round Leaf, Watson Dwarf, Butterfly, Ice, Red Lipstick, Nitidum and Rotundum, replicated thrice and carried out under 50% shade net conditions. Variety Butterfly reported significantly better performance compared to other varieties in terms of growth parameters like plant height (48.6 cm), number of leaves (5.4), plant spread (31.2 cm2), stem girth (5.7 cm), leaf area (129.6 cm2), minimum leaf production interval (12.6 days), number of new sprouts (7), chlorophyll content (21.6), plant growth index based on height of the plants (7.5), plant growth index based on number of leaves (12.6) and survival percentage (100%).

Effect on vegetative growth and yield attributes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cv. Winter Dawn in grown in nutrient film technique under shade net conditions

Effect on vegetative growth and yield attributes of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) cv. Winter Dawn in grown in nutrient film technique under shade net conditions

Efficacy of Plant Growth Regulators on Quality and Yield of Cucumber cv. Malini under Shade Net Conditions

An investigation was conducted to study the effect of different plant growth regulators on quality and yield of cucumber cv. Malini under shade net conditions. The experiment was carried out with 10 treatments GA3 at 75 ppm, 150 ppm and 250 ppm, Ethrel at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm, Salicylic acid at 75 ppm, 150 ppm and 250 ppm and control (water spray) in 3 replications. The quality parameters like total soluble solids, texture of the fruit, Physiological loss in weight (PLW%) after harvesting and total yield harvested (q/ha) etc. were significantly influenced by plant growth regulators. Among all treatments GA3 at 250 ppm recorded with maximum fruit yield (165.17 t/ ha), Whereas for quality parameters treatment GA3 at 150 ppm found superior for total soluble solids (5.88̊ Brix) and minimum physiological loss in weight after harvesting (1 DAH, 5 DAH and 10 DAH) was recorded in GA3 at 250 ppm. And the fruits with ethrel treatment were found with smooth texture and the remaining were with rough texture.

Impact of the Combination of Chemical and Organic Fertilization on the Growth and Yield of Pineapple under Two Shade Net Conditions

The use of organic sources presents itself as a viable alternative to mitigate the excessive reliance on chemical fertilizers in agricultural practices. However, in the realm of pineapple cultivation, research exploring the synergy between chemical and organic fertilizers remains scarce. In this context, the objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of the combination of chemical and organic fertilizers on the growth and yield of the MD-2 pineapple cultivar under two shade net conditions (installed 45 and 250 days after planting). The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design, with the main plot being the shade net conditions and the sub-plots the five fertilization treatments, which were applied 18 times via drip irrigation (control, 100% chemical fertilization, 50% reduced chemical fertilization, organic fertilization, and a combination of 50% chemical fertilization with organic fertilization). The results showed that the early installation of shade netting 45 days after planting decreases the growth and yield of pineapple; thus, the use of shade netting at this age is not recommended. Regarding fertilization, the combination of 50% chemical fertilization with organic fertilization showed similar growth and yield values compared to 100% conventional chemical fertilization under both shade net conditions. Furthermore, this combination presented similar nitrate and potassium values in the plant and did not negatively affect malic acid content. Therefore, the use of organic fertilizers in pineapple cultivation is a promising strategy to reduce the excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and it could also improve soil fertility.

Comparative Economics of Different Management Tactics by Novel Insecticides against Pest Complex on Capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) under Protected Conditions

Field experiment was conducted under shade net house at Hi-Tech Horticulture Farm, Rajasthan Agricultural Research Institute, Durgapura (Sri Karan Narendra Agriculture University, Jobner), Jaipur, Rajasthan to work out the economics and cost benefit ratio of different management strategies by three spraying of eleven bio-rationale and newer pesticides against Yellow Mite, Polyphagotarsonemus latus (Banks), thrips, Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood, aphids (Aphis gossypii Glover, Myzus persicae Sulzer), Whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) and Beat army worm, Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) during summer 2014 and 2015 on capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.). The result on the basis of pooled data indicated that maximum net profit of Rs 77185/ha was obtained in the treatment of fipronil 0.005% with the yield of 51.46 q/ha followed by emamectin benzoate 0.002% (Rs 67422/ha) with the yield of 49.77 q/ha. The minimum net profit of Rs 23840/ha was recorded in the treatment of NSKE 5% followed by azadirachtin 0.0003% (Rs 29876). The net profit ranging from Rs 53613/ha to Rs 60263/ha was computed in the treatment of acephate (Rs 53613/ha), spiromesifen (Rs 59971/ha), spinosad (Rs 58262/ha) and indoxacarb (Rs 60263/ha), whereas, Rs 39125/ha to 41476/ha was found in propargite and novaluron. The maximum incremental cost benefit ratio (1:20.23) was found in fipronil (0.005%) followed by 1:17.99 in the treatment of acephate (0.075%). The minimum ICBR (1:4.64) was recorded in the treatments of novaluron followed by spinosad (1:5.96). Study revealed that three spray of fipronil 5 SC @ 1 ml/l or emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.4 g/l can be suggested to the farmers for the management of pest complex on capsicum under shade net house conditions during summer for off season production.

Development of robust in vitro propagation protocol and cyto-genetic fidelity assessment of Siraitia grosvenorii (monk fruit)

Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) C. Jeffrey of the family Cucurbitaceae is a unique and precious plant of medicinal and economic importance in the international market. Due to the huge market potential and to narrow down the gap between demand and supply, an efficient in vitro propagation system using nodal explants was established. Shoot nodal segments were cultured in medium supplemented with different concentrations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and kinetin (Kn 1.0–7.5 µM). A two-stage culture is recommended for micropropagation of S. grosvenorii. The highest shoot multiplication was observed in BAP-supplemented medium (5.0 µM), whereas rooting was observed in half-strength MS medium supplemented with 8.75 µM of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Fully developed plantlets were acclimatized with 100 % survival in sterilized sand. These hardened 15-day-old plants were successfully established under shade net conditions in fields. In vitro raised plants were found genetically stable using molecular markers, including RAPD and ISSR. The 2C nuclear DNA content using flow cytometry was observed to be 0.73–0.76 pg. Hence, the protocol developed for in vitro propagation of S. grosvenorii is cost-effective and can be efficiently used for the industrial production of this natural sweetener and pharmaceutically important plants.

Efficacy of Plant Growth Regulators on Different Yield Parameters of Cucumber cv. Malini under Shade Net Conditions

The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different plant growth regulators on yield of cucumber cv. Malini under shade net conditions. The experiment was carried out with 10 treatments GA3 at 75 ppm, 150 ppm and 250 ppm, Ethrel at 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm, Salicylic acid at 75 ppm, 150 ppm and 250 ppm and control (water spray) in 3 replications. The yield parameters like number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, fruit length etc. were significantly influenced by plant growth regulators. Among all yield parameters superior values for maximum days taken for final harvest (86.49 days), maximum fruit weight (248.00 g) were recorded in treatment GA3 at 250 ppm, treatment GA3 at 75 ppm was recorded with the highest values for number of fruits per vine (9.46) and fruit diameter (4.56cm) and GA3 at 150 ppm recorded with highest values for fruit length (21.33 cm) as compared to other treatments. Among all treatments, treatment with GA3@ 75 ppm showed positive effect in terms of gross returns and over all net returns.

Studies on seed germination of khirni (Manilakara hexandra L.) seedlings under shade net house condition

Studies were carried out on seed germination and subsequent growth of Khirni (Manilkara hexandra L.). seedlings under shade net house condition at Department of Horticulture, Late Shri. Vasantrao Naik Marahwada Agricultural University, Parbhani (M.S.), India during the year 2006-07 and 2007-08. Among the various seed soaking treatments given to Khirni seed, GA3 200 ppm seed soaking treatment for 24 hours was the best for increasing germination percentage and subsequent growth of Khirni seedlings under shade net house condition. While the treatment control i.e. no soaking recorded least germination percentage and subsequent growth of Khirni seedlings.

Studies on growth and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum l.) grown under shade net and open field conditions

Studies on growth and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum l.) grown under shade net and open field conditions

Response of mulch materials on growth and yield of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) hybrid “Multistar” under shade net conditions

A field experiment was conducted during rabi season, at College Farm”, College of Horticulture, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticulture University, Mojerla, Wanaparthy, Telangana State. The experiment was carried out using cucumber hybrid “Multistar” with eight treatments and three replications. Among different mulch materials, black-black polythene mulch recorded best results in all growth and yield parameters. Black-black polythene mulch has significantly recorded the highest plant height of 55.00, 155.07, 204.53 and 223.67 cm, maximum leaf area of 195.97, 278.53, 320.07 and 322.37 cm2 at 20, 40, 60 and 80 DAS respectively, maximum RGR of 0.0386, 0.0250 and 0.0026 g g d-1 and NAR of 7.60, 16.00 and 2.66 mg cm-2 d-1 were recorded at 20-40, 40-60, 60-80 DAS respectively. Black-black polythene mulch also recorded significantly maximum number of fruits per plant (63.67), average fruit length (16.39 cm) and average fruit diameter (3.67 cm) and fruit yield/plant (8.28 kg), fruit yield/bed (496.60 kg) and fruit yield/hectare (331.07 t ha-1). There is no significant difference observed on TSS and ascorbic acid among the treatments.

Effect of Scion Dip Treatments and Growing Condition on Physiological Parameter of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) Wedge Graft cv. Dashehari

The current study was carried out on wedge grafting in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari during the2022-23 at the Fruit Research Station, Imaliya, Department of Horticulture, JNKVV Jabalpur. This research includes the use of many different plant growth regulators, ZnSo4, and growing conditions. The research was carried out using a statistical design known as Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD).The primary objective of this study is to determine the influence that different scion dip treatments and growing conditions have on the physiological characteristics of the plant. According to the findings, among the various treatments, IAA 200 ppm + ZnSo4 500 ppm under shade net condition was proved superior with respect to maximum chlorophyll content index (27,18.5), leaf area duration (2720.67 cm2/day, 2,620.67 cm2/day), leaf area index (8.65,1035) and light transmission ratio (24.05,18.15) at 60 and 120 days after grafting (DAG). It was also noticed that scion dip treatments with IAA 200 ppm in combination with ZnSo4 500 ppm under the shade net condition were favorable as compared to the open condition.

Influence of Biomass Characters of Different Grafted Scion on the Rootstock of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) under Shade Net Condition of Prayagraj Region, India

The experiment was conducted during the year 2019-20 & 2021-22, at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj with the object to study the success and initial Biomass characters of the grafts of some important varieties of mango under net house condition. The experiment consists of ten different varieties of mango Amrapali, KishanBhog, Gulabkhas, Kesar, Totapuri, Dasheri, Malgoa, Himsagar, Nisar Pasand & Bombay Green as treatments and replicated thrice in Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The results of present investigation clearly showed that, grafts of different mango varieties studied had a significant influence on the maximum values of biomass characters like Length of tap root (25.97 cm), No. of secondary roots (37.73) was recorded in kesar. Fresh shoot weight (19.37 g) , Dry shoot weight (g) (11.19 g), Fresh root weight (9.66 g), Dry root weight (5.04 g ) was found maximum in Dasheri. Shoot root ratio (Fresh on weight basis) (2.75g) and Shoot root ratio (Dry on weight basis) (2.77 g) was maximum in Amrapali.

Stionic and Environmental Influence on the Success and Survivability of Guava Grafts (Psidium guajava L.)

Abstract: An experiment was conducted to “study the success and survivability of grafts in different scions of guava (Psidium guajava L.) by softwood grafting under different environmental conditions by using different aged rootstocks. The results revealed that, highest graft success (81.33 %) and survivability (62.66 %) was found in the shade net condition at 90 days after softwood grafting. Among the different scions, the highest graft success (84.44 %) and survivability (64.44 %) was registered in Sardar scion variety. However, interaction effect showed that, highest graft success (96.66 %) and survivability (76.66 %) was noticed in Sardar variety of scion under shadenet condition followed by polyhouse condition by using seven months old rootstock.

Effect on Vegetative Growth and Development of Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) in Potting Mixture System under Shade Net Conditions cv. Winter Dawn

In Prayagraj agro climatic conditions strawberry is produced with high-technology, but there is little research on the productivity of strawberry in Potting media mixture under shade net conditions. The present study was conducted to compare single potting media for the strawberry. The conventional method was used for the comparison study. In this method, uniform runners of the strawberry cultivar Winter Dawn were grown in pots with growing medium consisting of goat manure, vermiculite, and peat moss in various ratios on a volume-to-volume basis. Additionally, Ponic green's 3-part Nute hydroponic nutrient set was applied to the plants via foliar spray at fortnightly intervals. In order to meet the nutritional requirements of each individual plant and ensure that the uppermost layer of the pots remained adequately moist, the irrigation process was carefully monitored. Based on both years2021- 22research trail findings of this study. It was determined to have the greatest growth traits for every growth, flowering and fruit weight criteria.

Evaluation of Different Ornamental Ficus under Shadenet Conditions of Prayagraj

An experiment entitled Evaluation of different ornamental ficus under shadenet conditions of prayagraj was conducted in shadenet house, Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, SHUATS, Prayagraj during July-October 2022 on ficus. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with eight varieties replicated thrice. The varieties used were Ficus microcarpa golden, Ficus microcarpa moclame, Ficus microcarpa crassifolia, Ficus triangularis variegata, Ficus benjamina exotica, Ficus benjamina reginald, Ficus benjamina starlight, Ficus benjamina safari. The results revealed that better performance was seen in Ficus microcarpa golden in all parameters like plant height at 90 days (56.33 cm), no. of leaves at 90 days (94.43 cm), leaf length at 90 days (10.13 cm), leaf breadth at 90 days (4.53 cm), no. of primary branches at 90 days (11.23 cm), plant spread at 90 days (36.93 cm), leaf petiole length (1.6 cm).

Effect of Different Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth and Development of Philodendron scandens Grown Under Shade Net Condition

Owing to the importance of foliage plants in indoor gardening, the experiment was carried out to determine the effect of different levels of NPK on growth and development of Sweet--heart plant (Philodendron scandens). The study was carried out at the College of Horticulture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana State Horticultural University. This was during Kharif season of the year 2019-20 in Completely Randomized Design with seven treatments and replicated thrice. There was an increase in growth parameters like plant height (44.00 cm), stem diameter (37.46 mm), number of leaves per plant (49.50) when Philodendron plants treated with N:P:K (1:1:1) – 2 g per poly bag at 30 days interval (T1). Whereas, application of N:P:K (1:1:1) – 2 g per poly bag at 45 days interval - T2 significantly resulted maximum plant spread (E-W) (49.67 cm), plant spread (N-S) (52.33 cm). Contrary to this among the treatments, T7- Control (without fertilizers) plants showed shorter plant height (36.83 cm), lower plant spread (E-W) (36.33 cm), plant spread (N-S) (42.67 cm), stem diameter (30.33 mm), significantly minimum number of leaves per plant (42.00).

Use of silicon in the production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grape type in nutritive solution cultivation

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of silicon concentration and application method on growth and yield of grape tomato plants. An experiment was established under shade net conditions in solution culture. The factors evaluated were silicon concentration (0, 4, 6, 6, 8 and 10 g.L-1 ) and application methods (to the nutrient solution and foliar). Nutrition was applied by irrigation of the universal nutrient solution (Steiner, 1984), at a concentration of 75%. The total number of treatments was 10. The design was completely randomized with four replications per treatment and based on the treatments, the following variables: plant height, root length, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of aerial and root biomass, number of fruits per plant, total yield and fruit diameter, length and weight. For the variables evaluated, it was identified that the concentration of 8 g.L-1 of SiO2 applied to the root was the one that obtained the best value to favor vegetative growth and to obtain a greater fruit development for grape tomato plants of the Primarino variety.

Influence of Potting Media and GA3 on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Guava (Psidium guajava) cv. Allahabad Safeda under Shade Net Condition

The results of present investigation revealed that among the different potting media treatments, M1: Vermiculite + Garden soil + Sand was found to be most beneficial for improving took days to germination, germination percentage, height of the seedling, number of leaves seedling-1, stem diameter, primary roots length (cm), number of secondary roots, fresh and dry shoots weight, fresh and dry roots weight, seed vigor index – I and II and leaf area (cm). In present investigation, application of G3: GA3 600 ppm significantly enhanced the seed germination and seedling growth viz., Days to germination (25.12), germination percentage (91.52%), height of the seedling (32.78cm), number of leaves seedling-1(18.61), stem diameter (3.53), primary roots length (7.59cm), number of secondary roots (21.68), fresh and dry shoots weight (16.71g and 6.51g), fresh and dry roots weight (1.93g and 1.31g), seed vigour index – I (3000.11) and II (699.87) and leaf area (66.33 cm2). The effect of interaction of different level of GA3 (0.00, 400, 500 and 600ppm) and different level of potting media viz., vermicuilite, garden soil, sand, FYM, cocopeat and vermincompost (1:1:1 ratio) on seed vigour index - I. The maximum seed germination, days to germination, and seedling growth, seed vigour index I & II and leaf area was found in treatment GA3 600 PPM + Vermiculite + Garden soil + Sand. The effect of interaction of GA3 and potting media was found significant for seed germination, days to germination, and seedling growth, seed vigour index I & II and leaf area of guava cv. Allahabad safeda seedling under shade net condition.

Response of Soursop (Annona muricata L.) to Clonal Multiplication through Budding and Rootstock Compatibility

A research trial was carried out at the College of Horticulture, Mysuru, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkot, Karnataka, India during January–June 2021 to study the effect of different environmental conditions and rootstocks on success and survival of soursop budlings. There were 6 treatment combinations consisting of different rootstocks of Annona sp. (Annona muricata and Annona squamosa) along with growing conditions (polyhouse, 50% shade net and open condition) were replicated thrice in factorial completely randomized design. The results of the study indicated that soursop scion budded on its own rootstock (A. muricata) and placed under polyhouse condition had significantly affected on days taken to bud sprout (34.96 days), success (91.60%), survival percentage (85.30%) and growth parameters like number of leaves (3.81, 6.56 and 13.67), length of sprouted shoot (3.58 cm, 8.19 cm and 15.42 cm), girth of sprouted shoot (1.35 mm, 1.86 mm and 2.08 mm), number of nodes (3.52 , 6.11 and 11.67) and length of internode (1.20 cm, 1.47 cm and 1.73 cm) at 60, 90 and 120 days after budding whereas A. muricata scion budded on A. squamosa rootstock kept under open condition recorded more number of days for sprouting (37.86), least success (37.86%), survival percentage (85%) and growth parameters like number of leaves (2.33, 4.44 and 11.11), shoot length (2.78 cm, 5.51 cm and 11.13 cm), diameter of shoot (0.70 mm, 1.01 mm and 1.24 mm), number of nodes (2.11, 4.33 and 10.22) and node length (0.84 cm, 1.01 cm and 1.42 cm).