Shaddock Peel Research Articles

Iron Active Center Coordination Reconstruction in Iron Carbide Modified on Porous Carbon for Superior Overall Water Splitting.

In this work, a novel liquid nitrogen quenching strategy is engineered to fulfill iron active center coordination reconstruction within iron carbide (Fe3C) modified on biomass-derived nitrogen-doped porous carbon (NC) for initiating rapid hydrogen and oxygen evolution, where the chrysanthemum tea (elm seeds, corn leaves, and shaddock peel, etc.) is treated as biomass carbon source within Fe3C and NC. Moreover, the original thermodynamic stability is changed through the corresponding force generated by liquid nitrogen quenching and the phase transformation is induced with rich carbon vacancies with the increasing instantaneous temperature drop amplitude. Noteworthy, the optimizing intermediate absorption/desorption is achieved by new phases, Fe coordination, and carbon vacancies. The Fe3C/NC-550 (550 refers to quenching temperature) demonstrates outstanding overpotential for hydrogen evolution reaction (26.3mV at -10 mAcm-2) and oxygen evolution reaction (281.4 mV at 10mAcm-2), favorable overall water splitting activity (1.57 V at 10 mAcm-2). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations further confirm that liquid nitrogen quenching treatment can enhance the intrinsic electrocatalytic activity efficiently by optimizing the adsorption free energy of reaction intermediates. Overall, the above results authenticate that liquid nitrogen quenching strategy open up new possibilities for obtaining highly active electrocatalysts for the new generation of green energy conversion systems.

Multidimensional decipherment of interactions in invert sugar–amino acid co-degradation colorants (IACDCs) capture by polyamine co-modified shaddock peel cellulose/graphene oxide aerogel

The development of an environmentally friendly scavenger with an outstanding ability to eliminate IACDCs from molasses-based distillery wastewater is essential for the safety of aquatic ecosystems and organisms. By combining polyamine co-modified shaddock peel cellulose (SPC) and graphene oxide (GO), a multistage porous aerogel (i.e., CP-GO/SPA) was constructed for the highly effective capture of IACDCs. CP-GO/SPA exhibited a surprisingly high IACDC adsorption capacity (1157 mg/g, which was 1.5–100 times that of previously reported ones). It also had an ultrafast adsorption mass transfer (AMT) rate. Advanced AMT-resistance models reveal that the capture on active site is the main AMT resistance, whereas liquid-film and pore diffusion are quite fast. CP-GO/SPA exhibited excellent reusability (>90% IACDC removal efficiency after six cycles) and considerable potential for industrial applications (i.e., treatment of actual wastewater by fixed-bed adsorption). The polyamine co-modified SPC and GO endowed CP-GO/SPA with substantial amine groups and high affinity for water, as validated by advanced molecular dynamics simulations. These features are extremely conducive for capturing electronegative and water-soluble IACDCs. A series of characterizations and multiple quantum chemical theory calculations (including ETP, ALIE, FMOs, IGM, and HIS analyses) further revealed the adsorption mechanisms from a molecular perspective. The IACDC capture by CP-GO/SPA resulted from charge, electron sharing, and van der Waals interactions. However, charge interactions played a dominant role. The optimal capture configurations were visualized at the molecular level, and the H-bond donor–acceptor relationship was determined. The IACDCs act as H-bond acceptors in a diverse range of capture configurations.

Ingenious design and construction of Ti3+-TiO2/C nanofibers with significantly enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution

Herein, the Ti3+-TiO2/C hybrid with fluffy mesh structure is successfully synthesized through carbothermal reduction method using the white sponge scarfskin of shaddock peel (denoted as SSP) as template and carbon source. During the preparation process, the SSP not only can contribute to building the fluffy mesh structure, but also can offer carbon source for reducing Ti4+ to Ti3+ in the Ti3+-TiO2/C composite. Furthermore, under argon atmosphere, the Ti3+ content in the composite can be adjusted via changing the calcining temperature of the tube furnace. In comparison with that of the individual TiO2, the resultant Ti3+-TiO2/C hybrids both exhibit superior photocatalytic H2 production property under visible light or simulated sunlight irradiation. In particular, the optimized hybrid of Ti3+-TC-350–600 exhibits excellent catalytic performance. The H2 production rates of it are 2341 and 6695 μmol g-1h−1 under visible light and simulated sunlight irradiation, respectively. The corresponding H2 evolution rate of the Ti3+-TC-350–600 is 5.5 or 2.2 times than that of the TiO2-350–600. According to the results of the hybrid composition and microstructure, optical and electrical property, H2 production performance and differential charge density, the Ti3+-TiO2/C hybrid exhibits favorable H2 production performance should be ascribed to the synergistic effect of the Ti3+, graphite-like carbon and fluffy mesh structure. Therefore, this study could offer a valuable thinking and reference for design and synthesis the Ti3+-TiO2/C photocatalyst for H2 evolution.

Construction of the molecularly imprinted adsorbent based on shaddock peel biochar sphere for highly sensitive detection of ribavirin in food and water resources

Ribavirin (RBV) that is not metabolically released into the environment can contaminate the environment and even make organisms resistant to it. Therefore, it is of great significance to establish a simple and effective method for adsorbing RBV in the environment. In this study, a novel biochar-based boronate affinity molecularly imprinted polymers (C@H@B-MIPs) were synthesized. This is the first time that shaddock peel biochar sphere was used as a carrier for specific recognition of RBV. The polymerization conditions were optimized and the binding properties of RBV were studied. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of boronate affinity and surface imprinting, the C@H@B-MIPs showed rapid equilibrium kinetics of 15 min, high adsorption capacity of 18.30 mg g-1, and excellent reusability for RBV. The linear range was 0.05–100 mg L-1, and the detection limit was 0.023 mg L-1. This method was triumphant applied to the selective adsorption of RBV in food and water resources with recovery rates of 81.4–97.7%. This study provides a practical platform for the manufacture of efficient biomass-based adsorbents.

Heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of acid orange 7 activated by red mud biochar under visible light irradiation

The heterogeneous photo-Fenton process is an effective technology for degrading organic contaminants in wastewater, and Fe-based catalysts are recently preferred due to their low biotoxicity and geological abundance. Herein, we synthesized a Fe-containing red mud biochar (RMBC) via one-step co-pyrolysis of red mud and shaddock peel as a photo-Fenton catalyst to activate H2O2 and degrade an azo dye (acid orange 7, AO7). RMBC showed excellent AO7 removal capability with a decolorization efficiency of nearly 100% and a mineralization efficiency of 87% in the heterogeneous photo-Fenton process with visible light irradiation, which were kept stable in five successive reuses. RMBC provided Fe2+ for H2O2 activation, and the light irradiation facilitated the redox cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ in the system to produce more reactive oxygen species (ROS, i.e., •OH) for AO7 degradation. Further investigation revealed that •OH was the predominant ROS responsible for AO7 degradation in the light-free condition, while more ROS were produced in the system with light irradiation, and 1O2 was the primary ROS in the photo-Fenton process for AO7 removal, followed by •OH and O2•-. This study provides insight into the interfacial mechanisms of RMBC as a photo-Fenton catalyst for treating non-degradable organic contaminants in water through advanced oxidation processes under visible light irradiation.

Efficient phosphate removal and recovery by using nanosized La(III) oxides anchored on aminated biomass waste

Selective adsorption provides a promising solution for removing and recovering phosphate from contaminated waters. However, the development of an efficient, low-cost adsorbent with high adsorption selectivity for phosphate is still an important challenge. Here, a novel nanocomposite (SP-AE-La) was fabricated by anchoring La(III) oxide nanoparticles within a quaternary-aminated biomass waste, i.e., shaddock peel (SP-AE). The batch adsorption experiments suggested that SP-AE-La exhibited a high capacity for phosphate removal through the electrostatic attraction of quaternary ammonium groups and inner-sphere complexation of La(III) oxides; SP-AE-La could effectively and rapidly sequester phosphate over a wide range of pH values (3–10). Moreover, the nanocomposite exhibited significant selectivity for phosphate removal even in the presence of competitive anions (Cl-, SO42-) at high concentrations. The fixed-bed adsorption tests indicated that the treatable volume of the as-prepared nanocomposite was up to 2000 BV when the breakthrough point was set as 0.5 mg/L. Furthermore, the exhausted nanocomposite can be effectively regenerated by NaOH-NaCl solution for recycling use. All the results indicated that SP-AE-La nanocomposite can serve as a promising adsorbent for phosphate removal in a realistic application.

Fe3C decorated, N-doped porous carbon as cost-effective and efficient catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction

The catalytic activity, stability and methanol tolerance for alkali oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of cathode are pivotal metrics determining the actual performance of methanol fuel-cell. Carbonaceous materials with heteroelement doping and guest catalytic component hybriding are promising ways to improve the above metrics for ORR and simultaneously reduce the cost, therefore hold bright prospect in the industrialization of fuel-cell. Herein, a Fe3C decorated, N doped hierarchically porous carbon, denoted as SP-N1-Z0.6/F0.5, was designed as cathodic ORR catalyst by pyrolytic carbonization, N-doping, Fe3C decoration and etching of a easily-available shaddock peel (SP) precursor. Benefitted by the synergy of N dopant and Fe3C hybriding, the typical SP-N1-Z0.6/F0.5 catalyst demonstrated ORR peak potential of 0.874 V and peak current density of −2.60 mA cm−2 for alkali ORR. In addition, the ORR catalytic activity hardly changed undergoes 5000 cycles of linear sweep voltammetries (LSVs), and fine methanol tolerance could also be ensured. All of these metrics are superior to the benchmark Pt/C catalyst, showing the potential of Fe3C incorporate and N doped carbonaceous catalyst in alkali ORR.

Biomass-derived ultralight superior microwave absorber Towards X and Ku bands

Biomass-derived microwave absorbers have attracted extensive attention due to their natural abundance, low cost and eco-friendliness. However, it is still a challenge to achieve superior absorptivity under the extremely low filler content in such absorbers. Herein, we engineer a hybrid of Co3Fe7 alloy nanoparticles (NPs) anchoring on the biomass shaddock peel derived porous carbon nanosheets (CNs) for superlight and efficient microwave absorption. The CNs exhibit attractive graphene-like morphology with Co3Fe7 alloy NPs uniformly dispersing throughout the CNs. It is revealed that the EM parameters could be well controlled by tailoring the deposition ratio of Co3Fe7 NPs to optimize impedance matching. Specifically, the sample with relatively sparse Co3Fe7 NPs exhibit a reflection loss (RL) of –22.3 dB and broad absorption bandwidth of 5.3 GHz in Ku band under the ultralow filler content of only 8.0 wt%. As the deposition ratio of magnetic Co3Fe7 NPs increases, the optimized absorption peak moves to X band with −50.6 dB of RL value and 4.5 GHz of effective absorption, completely covering the whole X band. The elaborative studies demonstrate the significant influence of impedance matching on the ultimate absorption performance. This work paves a new way for the development of biomass-derived composites as superlight and tunable microwave absorber.

High specific surface area N-doped activated carbon from hydrothermal carbonization of shaddock peel for the removal of norfloxacin from aqueous solution.

A novel N-doped activated carbon (NAC) derived from shaddock peel was investigated to remove norfloxacin (NFX) from aqueous solution. The Box-Behnken central composite design (BBD) was used to optimize the preparation conditions of NAC. The specific surface area of NAC was 2,481.81 m2 g-1, which was obtained at 1,106 K activation temperature, 2.4 h residence time, and 2.3:1 mass ratio of KOH to hydrochar. Moreover, the equilibrium data were perfectly represented by Langmuir and Koble-Corrigan isotherms, and the adsorption process was precisely described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Besides, the adsorption of NFX on NAC was mainly controlled by π-π electron-donor-acceptor (EDA) interaction, hydrophobic effect, hydrogen-bonding, electrostatic interaction and Lewis acid-base effect. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of NFX was 746.29 mg g-1 at 298 K, implying that NAC was a promising adsorbent for the removal of NFX from aqueous solution.

Porous ZnCl2-Activated Carbon from Shaddock Peel: Methylene Blue Adsorption Behavior.

It is of great interest and importance to resource utilization of waste biomass to produce porous carbon for environmental treatments. Pore structure and properties of the obtained carbon mainly relate to carbonization conditions and biomass types. In this work, a series of porous, biomass-activated carbons (AC) were prepared using shaddock peel, with ZnCl2 as a pore-forming agent. The effect of carbonization temperature and the mass ratio between ZnCl2 and shaddock peel were thoroughly investigated. The material composition, surface chemical properties, and surface structures of samples were carefully characterized. The specific surface area and adsorption capacity to methylene blue (MB) of adsorbents were changed with the carbonization temperature and the mass ratios between ZnCl2 and shaddock peel; when the temperature was at 1000 °C and the mass ratio was equal to 2:1, the resulting adsorbent had the largest specific surface area of 2398.74 m2/g and average pore size of 3.04 nm, which showed the highest adsorption capacity to MB to be 869.57 mg/g. The adsorption processes of biomass AC adsorbent matched the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model. This efficient and environmentally friendly biomass AC adsorbent from shaddock peel, activated by ZnCl2, is a promising candidate for the treatment of water pollution.

Functionalizing biochar by Co-pyrolysis shaddock peel with red mud for removing acid orange 7 from water

Biochar modification by metal/metal oxide is promising for improving its adsorption capability for contaminants, especially the anions. However, conventional chemical modifications are complicated and costly. In this study, novel Fe/Fe oxide loaded biochars (RMBCs) were synthesized from a one-step co-pyrolysis of red mud (RM) and shaddock peel (SP), and their potential application for removing anionic azo dye (acid orange 7, AO7) from the aqueous environment was evaluated. Fe from red mud was successfully loaded onto biochars pyrolyzed at 300–800 °C, which presented from oxidation form (Fe2O3) to the reduction forms (FeO and Fe0) with increasing pyrolysis temperature. The RMBC produced at 800 °C with RM:SP mass ratio of 1:1 (RMBC8001:1) exhibited the best capability for AO7 removal (∼32 mg/g), attributed to both adsorption and degradation. The higher surface area of RMBC8001:1 and its greater affinity for AO7 led to the higher adsorption. In addition, RMBC8001:1-induced degradation of AO7 was another key mechanism for AO7 removal. The reduction forms of Fe (FeO or Fe0) in RMBC8001:1 may provide electrons for breaking down the azo bond in AO7 molecules and result in degradation, which is further enhanced in acid conditions due to the participation of readily release of Fe2+ and the available H+ in AO7 degradation. Furthermore, RMBC8001:1 can be easily separated from the treated water by using magnetic field, which significantly benefits its separation in wastewater treatment.

Rapid detection of 17β-estradiol based on shaddock peel derived fluorescent aptasensor for forensic examination

17β-estradiol (E2) detection technique had been shown to a potent method for identification of female blood in forensic practice since it was abundant in the healthy female body. Herein, we developed a fluorescent aptasensor based on carbon quatum dots (CQDs) derived from shaddock peel green synthesis for rapid detection of E2 as a useful auxiliary tool of forensic examination. The CQDs conjugated to the aptamer achieved fluorometric detection of E2 in blood and the blood of healthy female from 12 to 60 years old could be sensitive detected with the limit of detection of 0.025 ng/ml, and the analytical process could be completed within 10 min. The aptasensor was also used to assay E2 in forensic samples including blood and blood stain. In all instances, the results were positive when mixed samples involving female sample. This fluorescent aptasensor was proved to be a green, rapid and sensitive detection method of E2, and it exhibited great potential in discrimination of female samples in forensic practice.

Integrating sulfur, iron(II), and fixed organic carbon for mixotrophic denitrification in a composite filter bed reactor for decentralized wastewater treatment: Performance and microbial community

Decentralized wastewater treatment in rural areas is an imperative challenge around the world, particularly in developing countries. The composite filter bed reactor is viable for decentralized wastewater treatment, but its performance on nitrogen removal often fluctuates with the unstable influent characteristics and loadings. Here, a composite filter bed reactor integrating sulfur, iron(II), and fixed organic carbon (shaddock peel) was developed and continuously operated under different conditions. The fixed organic carbon source promoted nitrogen removal with an efficiency higher than 90% and reduced effluent sulfate level by 40%, indicating that the integrated electron donors could improve the resistance and stability of the reactor. Moreover, sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Thiomonas, Sulfuriferula, and Acidithiobacillus), iron-oxidizing bacteria (Ferritrophicum), and denitrifiers (Simplicispira and Hydrogenophaga) were identified in the anoxic/anaerobic layer of the reactor, suggesting that mixotrophic denitrification was stimulated by sulfur, iron(II), and fixed organic carbon. The findings of this study indicate that the developed reactor with the integrated electron donors could be reliable for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus removal and promising for the application of decentralized wastewater treatment.

Modification and Application of Waste Shaddock Peel as a Green Additive for Water-Based Drilling Fluid

To develop an eco-friendly drilling fluid additive, shaddock peel was modified and was used in water-based drilling fluid in this work. The shaddock peel has obvious effects on rheological properties, filtration, and wall formation of drilling fluid. It also displays the inhibition of clay swelling, while the shaddock peel slurry is easy to ferment, mildew and so on. The performance of the shaddock peel slurry and moldy/fermented shaddock peel slurry in water-based drilling fluid were compared, which shows that the efficiency, such as the AV and PV, decrease obviously by more than 50%. The swelling rate of bentonite in the water extraction of moldy/fermented shaddock peel in 90 min is about 62%, which is obviously higher than the swelling rate of the non-mildew/fermented shaddock peel water extract, 46%. Then preservative was evaluated in shaddock peel slurry modified drilling fluid. The result indicates that the effect of moldy/fermentation on the viscosity and the inhibition of shaddock peel was obviously inhibited by the preservative. The combined sodium benzoate and formaldehyde can protect the shaddock peel slurry from mildew and fermentation, which can keep the performance of shaddock peel slurry in the drilling fluid.

Outstanding supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped activated carbon derived from shaddock peel

Nitrogen doping can effectively protect the pore structure of carbon materials and improve their electrochemical properties. In this work, shaddock peel-based activated carbon doped with nitrogen was obtained by a high temperature nitriding method using dopant urea. The activated carbon was characterized and tested by XRD, SEM, TEM, BET, XPS, etc. The results show that with the increase of nitrogen doping ratio, the specific surface area (SSA) of activated carbon first increases and then decreases. The SSA of activated carbon doped with triple urea is 2450.6 m2/g. The SSA increased by 26.7%. In the 6 M potassium hydroxide electrolyte, served as the electrode, the mass specific capacity of activated carbon doped with triple urea under the current density of 1A/g reaches 325 F/g and an outstanding cycling stability (292 F/g after 10,000 cycles).

Environmentally Friendly and Multifunctional Shaddock Peel-Based Carbon Aerogel for Thermal-Insulation and Microwave Absorption

HighlightsThe eco-friendly shaddock peel-derived carbon aerogels were prepared by a freeze-drying method.Multiple functions such as thermal insulation, compression resistance and microwave absorption can be integrated into one material-carbon aerogel.Novel computer simulation technology strategy was selected to simulate significant radar cross-sectional reduction values under real far field condition..Eco-friendly electromagnetic wave absorbing materials with excellent thermal infrared stealth property, heat-insulating ability and compression resistance are highly attractive in practical applications. Meeting the aforesaid requirements simultaneously is a formidable challenge. Herein, ultra-light carbon aerogels were fabricated via fresh shaddock peel by facile freeze-drying method and calcination process, forming porous network architecture. With the heating platform temperature of 70 °C, the upper surface temperatures of the as-prepared carbon aerogel present a slow upward trend. The color of the sample surface in thermal infrared images is similar to that of the surroundings. With the maximum compressive stress of 2.435 kPa, the carbon aerogels can provide favorable endurance. The shaddock peel-based carbon aerogels possess the minimum reflection loss value (RLmin) of − 29.50 dB in X band. Meanwhile, the effective absorption bandwidth covers 5.80 GHz at a relatively thin thickness of only 1.7 mm. With the detection theta of 0°, the maximum radar cross-sectional (RCS) reduction values of 16.28 dB m2 can be achieved. Theoretical simulations of RCS have aroused extensive interest owing to their ingenious design and time-saving feature. This work paves the way for preparing multi-functional microwave absorbers derived from biomass raw materials under the guidance of RCS simulations.

Superb VOCs capture engineering carbon adsorbent derived from shaddock peel owning uncompromising thermal-stability and adsorption property

We report novel carbonaceous absorbent derived from shaddock Peel affording high thermal stability and superhigh adsorptive capacity and selectivity toward capturing polluted VOCs gas including benzene and toluene, far outperforming other some reported adsorbents. High applied thermal-stability and superior structural property for activated carbon adsorbent are extremely promising, which also is the determining short slab in volatile organic compounds (VOCs) adsorption applications. Herein, we develop the outstanding engineering carbon adsorbents from waste shaddock peel which affords greatly-enhanced thermal-stability and super structural property ( S Lang = 4962.6 m 2 ·g −1 , V micro = 1.67 cm 3 ·g −1 ). Such character endows the obtained adsorbent with ultrahigh adsorption capture performance of VOCs specific to benzene (16.58 mmol·g −1 ) and toluene (15.50 mmol·g −1 ), far beyond traditional zeolite and activated carbon even MOFs materials. The structural expression characters were accurately correlated with excellent adsorption efficiency of VOCs by studying synthetic factor-controlling comparative samples. Ulteriorly, adsorption selectivity prediction at different relative humidity was demonstrated through DIH (difference of the isosteric heats), exceedingly highlighting great superiority (nearly sixfold) in selective adsorption of toluene compared to volatile benzene. Our findings provide the possibility for practical industrial application and fabrication of waste biomass-derived outstanding biochar adsorbent in the environmental treatment of threatening VOCs pollutants.

Ultrahigh compressibility and superior elasticity carbon framework derived from shaddock peel for high-performance pressure sensing.

Shaddock peel, a crop by-product mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and pectin, was developed as a flexible sensitive material for detecting environmental external pressure. Firstly, a natural carbon framework (C-SPF) with high conductivity was prepared using hydrothermal treatment followed by carbonization. Then, the PDMS elastomer was coated on the C-SPF instead of dense filling to convert the brittle C-SPF into elastic porous materials (M-SPF). Benefiting from the large deformation space of the porous framework and the stable interactions between PDMS and C-SPF, M-SPF exhibited ultrahigh coercibility (up to 99.0% strain) and high elasticity (99.4% height retention for 10 000 cycles at 50.0% strain). The M-SPF-based pressure sensor also exhibited a quick response (loading and unloading times were 20 ms and 30 ms), high sensitivity (63.4 kPa−1), wide working range (from 0 to 800 kPa), and stable stress-electric current response (10 000 cycles). These advantages open a door to a variety of applications, such as flexible wearable devices, which demonstrated human physiological signal monitoring. The low cost, simple design and portable use of piezoresistive sensors highlight the potential application of the crop by-product shaddock peel as a high-value material.

Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potential of shaddock (Citrus maxima) peel extract.

Diabetes is a serious public health problem which poses serious socio-economic burden at the national and global level. Most synthetic agents for treating diabetes are expensive and not devoid of adverse effect hence, the need for continuous effort in the search for affordable and natural effective treatment of diabetes. This study investigated the anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and hepatoprotective effects of Citrus maxima peel extract on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats were categorized into four groups of seven rats with similar body weights. Diabetes was induced using alloxan and baseline data obtained. Rats in groups A, B, and C were administered with 200 mg, 400 mg, and 600 mg of Citrus maxima peel extract per kg body weight/day, respectively for 14 days. Group D (control) received 200 mg of plain water per kg body weight/day. Biochemical analyses of blood glucose, lipid profile, and liver enzyme activities were performed afterthe feeding trial. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 21. Citrus maxima peel extract significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the blood glucose level by 70.17%. The extract (600 mg) resulted in a percentage increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (4.43%) and decrease in total cholesterol (30.86%), triglyceride (10.58%) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (10.20%). Liver enzyme activities of the control groups significantly increased while the treated groups showed no significant change. Citrus maxima peel extract has proven to be effective in diabetes management. However, use of standardized extract and proper laboratory tests are necessary.

Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potential of shaddock (Citrus maxima) peel extract [pdf

Anti-diabetic, anti-hyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective potential of shaddock (Citrus maxima) peel extract [pdf