SF Value Research Articles

An Analysis of the Slope Stability of Young Rock Cliffs in Sibang, Bali Using GEO5

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of slope stability for young rock cliffs in the Sibang region of Bali, employing advanced geotechnical software GEO5. The investigation is crucial due to the dynamic geological conditions and rapid changes in land use in the area, posing potential risks to infrastructure and environmental stability. The research focuses on young rock cliffs, characterized by recent geological formations, which are inherently susceptible to slope instability. This slope stability analysis is carried out using the GEO5 auxiliary program which will produce a Safety Factor value which is used as the basis for building a construction which interprets whether the slope is safe or not. The safety factor value used as the minimum value is 1.5, so the slope must have a SF value ≥ SF min = 1.5. This analysis was carried out on 4 cross sections with 2 method which name is Morgenstern-Price and Bishop Method because the analysis carried out was complex in terms of force and moment. The Safety Factor of cross section on BH-03 to BH-01 is not safe because the value is 1,16 and 1,15 which is < 1,5 (the minimum safety factor). Therefore, the slope must modelled with terraced slopes and also retaining wall reinforcement for each modelled terrace height.

A novel method for simultaneously improving the strength and ductility of AZ31 friction stir welded joint

In this study, a novel localized selective remelting technique was proposed to treat the welding interface regions on the top and bottom surfaces of the AZ31 friction stir welded joint. Compared with the untreated joint, the treated joint achieved a favorable combination of strength (ultimate tensile strength of 238 MPa) and ductility (elongation of 13.3%). Digital image correlation (DIC) characterization revealed that the high strain-hardening ability primarily stemmed from the substantial mitigation of strain localization, which was caused by a comprehensive factor, including reduced SF value fluctuation between weld micro-zones, low residual dislocation density, and numerous extension twinning activation in the nugget zone.

Increasing The Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Sandy Soil with High Water Levels Using Mini-pile

In the Kediri Regency area, it is planned to build a 3-story shophouse as one of the supporting facilities and the community’s economic needs. This area has sandy soil conditions and a high-water table. The purpose of this study was to calculate the carrying capacity of the soil in constructing a 3-story shophouse using the Terzaghi, Mayerhof, and Hansen methods. The condition of the soil with a relatively high groundwater table made the implementation of the footplate foundation less effective, so a modification of the foundation was made, which added three mini-piles measuring 0.4x0.4x1.5m, with a design load supported by the foundation of 100 t/m². Calculations with the Mayerhof and Hansen methods have nearly identical results but have not fulfilled the planned load. At a foundation depth of up to 3 m with an SF value of 3, for the Terzaghi method: 107.75 t/m2, the Mayerhof method: 92.51 t/m2, and the Hansen method: 94.68 t/m2. The results can be used as an alternative in constructing a 3-story shophouse with sandy soil conditions and high groundwater levels. This research can also be a reference for other regions facing similar problems.

Association of serum ferritin and all-cause mortality in AKI patients: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundSerum ferritin (SF) is clinically found to be elevated in many disease conditions, and our research examines serum ferritin in patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) and its implication on the risk of short-term mortality in AKI.MethodsData were extracted from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV 2.2 (MIMIC-IV 2.2) database. Adult patients with AKI who had serum ferritin tested on the first day of ICU admission were included. The primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Kaplan–Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to test the relationship between SF and clinical outcomes. Subgroup analyses based on the Cox model were further conducted.ResultsKaplan–Meier survival curves showed that a higher SF value was significantly associated with an enhanced risk of 28-day mortality, 90-day mortality, ICU mortality and hospital mortality (log-rank test: p < 0.001 for all clinical outcomes). In multivariate Cox regression analysis, high level of SF with mortality was significantly positive in all four outcome events (all p < 0.001). This result remains robust after adjusting for all variables. Subgroup analysis of SF with 28-day mortality based on Cox model-4 showed that high level of SF was associated with high risk of 28-day mortality in patients regardless of the presence or absence of sepsis (p for interaction = 0.730). Positive correlations of SF and 28-day mortality were confirmed in all other subgroups (p for interaction>0.05).ConclusionHigh level of SF is an independent prognostic predictor of 28-day mortality in patients with AKI.

Crack initiation mechanisms of micro-textured Ti60 alloys with different dwell sensitivities subjected to fatigue and dwell fatigue loading

In this work, Ti60 alloys with different micro-texture intensity were designed to elucidate the effect of micro-texture on fatigue life and dwell sensitivity and the difference in crack initiation mechanism for low-cycle fatigue (LCF) and dwell fatigue (DF). It was found that micro-texture region (MTR) significantly reduced LCF and DF lifetimes and increased dwell sensitivity compared to no-MTR samples. However, micro-texture does not change the characteristics of the crack initiation grains, and the fracture initiation region facet of all samples matches the (0001) basal plane and is related to basal slip. Therefore, the [0001] orientation domains for crack initiation in both fatigue states are discussed, and it is found that LCF tends to nucleate along the basal slip bands or basal twist grain boundaries (BTGBs) of the high SF grains, whereas DF nucleation is independent of the basal SF value, and the mechanism of initiation of hard oriented grain cracking is also included. In situ further demonstrated that hard grains can activate basal slip as well as cracking, and the possibility of soft/hard grain pairs generating dislocation pile-up stresses leading to cracking of hard grains was determined by theoretical calculations, providing experimental support and evidence for the soft/hard grain model. Based on these findings, criteria for the angle (θ) of the c-axis with respect to the loading axis and the basal SF range are proposed to determine the differences between LCF and DF with respect to the mechanisms of hard grain cracking and BTGB crack initiation.

Floating House Platform Stability Test with a Lightweight Concrete Cover Made of Expanded Polystyrene System (EPS)

Coastal area which affected by floods and tides has problems about safety and comfortable environment. The world of floating construction has introduced substructure foundations made from expanded polystyrene system (EPS) with a lightweight concrete cover. The styrofoam platform must meet the buoyancy, stability and center height test requirements. The research aims to analyze the magnitude of the buoyant force (Fa) against downward force due to the load weight on platform. The platform is strong and stable when upward force (Fa) is greater than total structure weight (G). The object will float if buoyant force (Fa) is greater than the gravitational force (g). The balance is stable if center of object gravity (Bo) is below the center of buoyancy (Ao), otherwise it will be in arbitrary balance. The height of centrum can be determined m > 0, means the object is stable. The research results show that 6.12x5.12x0.68m Styrofoam platform with a buoyancy force of 18,246.6 kg is able to withstand an additional load of 3647.62 kg with an SF value of 2.59. It means there is a linear relationship between magnitude of loading value and sinking height of Styrofoam platform. The safety factor value decreases as the sinking height of platform increases. The stability value of Fa/G is 3.01>1.2. The metacentrum’s height is 16.531 > 0, so the platform with a lightweight concrete cover is declared stable and safe to use.

Increase in Safety Factor Value in Existing Conditions and Reinforcement of Gabion Type Retaining Wall Pt. Medco E&P Malaka Block A

Indonesia is an archipelagic country with 34 provinces, which has a diverse soil profile and geological structure. This condition is an area where a slope is formed. The slope is a sloping land surface and forms a certain angle and has no force in resisting the occurrence of a slide. Landslide is a disaster that can cause casualties. Collapse (slide) occurs as a result of a driving force greater than the opposite force originating from the shear strength of the soil. The slide occurred at PT. Medco E&P Malaka Block A, Ranto Perlak District, East Aceh Regency, Aceh Province in the Siwah flow ROW STA 2+400. Landslides occur as a result of high rain intensity resulting in landslides. The safety factor analysis on the slopes was carried out using the Strength Reduction Method (SRM). In the existing conditions, the slope experienced a collapse (slide) with an SF value of 1.15, which did not meet the requirements of the safety factor value (SF≥ 1.25). Therefore, reinforcement was carried out on this slope by constructing a Gabion type retaining wall construction with a height of 3 m and a width of 1.5 m. From the analysis with Gabion type retaining wall reinforcement, the SF value was 1.51 which fulfilled the requirements of the Safety factor when strengthening (SF≥ 1.5). From this analysis, it was found that the SF value was different in the existing conditions, the SF value was 1.15 and in the strengthening condition, the SF value was 1.51. Where the SF value increases by 0.36 or 32%.

Comparative study on the effects of sous-vide, microwave cooking, and stewing on functional properties and sensory quality of goose meat

The effect of sous-vide (SV), microwave (M) cooking, and stewing (S) on selected functional properties of goose meat were investigated in this study. It was measured cooking loss (CL), texture and color parameters, and sensory evaluation was carried out. The material were 96 breast muscles (BM, n=48 with skin and subcutaneous fat and n=48 without skin) from 17-wk-old "Polish oat geese." The kind of heat treatment and the type of goose meat and interaction the type of meat×heat treatment affected the amount of CL. The lowest value of CL was stated for SV samples. The meat with skin was characterized by a lower shear force value (SF), hardness, gumminess, and chewiness than samples without skin for all cooking methods. There were no differences in SF value for M and S samples with skin. The S samples characterized by the highest value of SF, hardness and the SV meat by the lowest for both kind of meat. The M samples characterized by the higher value of cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness compare to SV and S meat. All instrumental color parameters were significantly affected by cooking technology (P=0.001). There were differences in color lightness (L*) of investigated cooked samples. The SV meat had the highest value of L* parameter and was characterized by a lighter color among others. The highest decrease in a* value was stated for S and lowest for SV meat. The SV showed more intense red color than remaining samples. The a* value decreased and b* parameter increases with an increase the heat treatment temperature. The value of b* was higher in S (about 100°C) samples than in raw meat and processed by SV (70°C). From consumer point of view the best color had goose breast muscles subjected to SV process. Considering all tested sensory features, the overall palatability of SV goose samples was rated as excellent, S as very good and M as good.

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of New Mg–0.9Zn–0.2Mn–0.5RE Alloys via Different Al Additions

Effects of Al content on the microstructure and tensile properties of Mg–0.9Zn–0.2Mn–0.5RE (0.2Sm + 0.3La) alloy have been systematically investigated. In the as‐cast Mg–0.9Zn–0.2Mn–0.5RE alloy, intermetallic compounds are identified as Mg41Sm5, Mg12La, and Mg12(La, Sm) phases, while when Al is added, new Mg17Al12 and Al11(La, Sm)3 phase is formed instead of Mg12(La, Sm) phase. As Al content increases, Al11(La, Sm)3 phase increases and the morphology changes from a bright needle to a short rod in the as‐cast alloys. Al11(La, Sm)3 phase is broken and characterized as polygonal and rod shapes in as‐extruded alloys, and gradually increases in size and segregation as Al content increases, resulting in an increase in the ultimate strength and fluctuation of the average grain size, yield strength, and elongation. It should be noted that the as‐extruded alloy has good elongation (A ≈ 25.3%) with 3% Al content and good tensile strength (280 MPa ≤ Rm ≤ 300 MPa) with 6% and 9% Al content. Besides, the as‐extruded Mg–0.9Zn–0.2Mn–0.5RE–3Al alloy shows outstanding ductility due to the weakened texture of DRXed and sub‐structured grains and the high SF value in pyramidal <c + a> slip and basal <a> slip.

Optimalisasi Stabilitas Lereng pada Daerah Sempadan Sungai Santer Kecamatan Gumukmas Kabupaten Jember

The Santer Riverbank which is located in Panggul Melati Hamlet, Kepanjen Village, Gumukmas District, Jember Regency, East Java is still used by the community for agricultural land. This research was conducted to create safe agricultural land for the community. Landslides on this riverbank often occur because it is located on the edge of the river and has a steep slope. In the observation in 2022, there is a collapsed riverbank approximately 20 meters in front of the river embankment. To prevent a longer landslide area, the slopes on the river border are optimized so that residents can still use the land safely. The selected reinforcement is made based on the geometric conditions and the results of the SF value from modeling the existing conditions using the Geostudio program. Appropriate reinforcement based on geometric conditions and SF values ​​is a balancing method. close to the counterweight method, the geometric conditions are more optimal with the SF value increasing from 1.099 to 1.623

Yeast Lipid Produced through Glycerol Conversions and Its Use for Enzymatic Synthesis of Amino Acid-Based Biosurfactants

The aim of the present work was to obtain microbial lipids (single-cell oils and SCOs) from oleaginous yeast cultivated on biodiesel-derived glycerol and subsequently proceed to the enzymatic synthesis of high-value biosurfactant-type molecules in an aqueous medium, with SCOs implicated as acyl donors (ADs). Indeed, the initial screening of five non-conventional oleaginous yeasts revealed that the most important lipid producer was the microorganism Cryptococcus curvatus ATCC 20509. SCO production was optimised according to the nature of the nitrogen source and the initial concentration of glycerol (Glyc0) employed in the medium. Lipids up to 50% w/w in dry cell weight (DCW) (SCOmax = 6.1 g/L) occurred at Glyc0 ≈ 70 g/L (C/N ≈ 80 moles/moles). Thereafter, lipids were recovered and were subsequently used as ADs in the N-acylation reaction catalysed by aminoacylases produced from Streptomyces ambofaciens ATCC 23877 under aqueous conditions, while Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) was used as a reference enzyme. Aminoacylases revealed excellent activity towards the synthesis of acyl-lysine only when free fatty acids (FAs) were used as the AD, and the rare regioselectivity in the α-amino group, which has a great impact on the preservation of the functional side chains of any amino acids or peptides. Aminoacylases presented higher α-oleoyl-lysine productivity and final titer (8.3 g/L) with hydrolysed SCO than with hydrolysed vegetable oil. The substrate specificity of both enzymes towards the three main FAs found in SCO was studied, and a new parameter was defined, viz., Specificity factor (Sf), which expresses the relative substrate specificity of an enzyme towards a FA present in a FA mixture. The Sf value of aminoacylases was the highest with palmitic acid in all cases tested, ranging from 2.0 to 3.0, while that of CALB was with linoleic acid (0.9-1.5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a microbial oil has been successfully used as AD for biosurfactant synthesis. This bio-refinery approach illustrates the concept of a state-of-the-art combination of enzyme and microbial technology to produce high-value biosurfactants through environmentally friendly and economically sound processes.

Effect of crystal orientation on micro-stress distribution in a damage-tolerant titanium alloy TC21

Micro-stress distribution interior of TC21 alloy under abrasive processing was systematically investigated by combining EBSD data and crystal plasticity finite element model (CPFEM). The ductility enhanced of ground specimens after aging treatment, which can be attributed to the randomness of crystal orientation increased result in the decrease of micro-stress in polycrystal. For prismatic slip {101¯0}〈12¯10〉, the α-colonies with SF value of 0.16 suggest that further slip activation becomes difficult, leading to a higher local stress concentrated on grain boundaries of α-lamellae. The higher micro-stress almost distributed at the interface of α-lamellae with a preferred orientation, while in randomly oriented grains, higher micro-stress distributed interior of some grains or local interface of α-lamellae. Moreover, the maximum micro-stress in randomly oriented grains is smaller than that of preferred orientation grains.

Novel exploration of the flame retardant potential of bimetallic MXene in epoxy composites

As a graphene-like material, MXene , represented by Ti 3 C 2 T x , has been found to possess promising flame retardant potential in polymers due to their excellent thermal and catalytic actions, as well as lamellar barrier effect. Thus, it is of great significance to explore whether MXene with double transition metal components has a higher flame retardant efficiency. Herein, Ti 3 C 2 T x and bimetallic MXene (Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 T x ) were fabricated by acid-etching method and then introduced into epoxy resin (EP) for the comparative investigation of their flame-retardant effect. The results indicated that MXenes were homogeneously dispersed in EP matrix, which can contribute to the improvements of thermal and flame retardant properties of EP composites. Upon the incorporation of 1 wt% Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 T x MXene, the EP composites achieved a significantly reduced maximum mass loss rate (R max ) by 39.4%, superb over EP/Ti 3 C 2 T x composites. Moreover, Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 T x MXene endowed EP composites with a notable downward trend in fire risk, reflected by the decreasing PHRR of 34%, PSPR of 32.7%, TSP of 57.7%, PCO of 30.8%, along with significantly reduced SF value by 72.7%, which was superior to EP/Ti 3 C 2 T x composites. The strong catalytic attenuation and charring effect of transition metal Mo–Ti elements for bimetallic Mo 2 Ti 2 C 3 T x MXene, as well as nanosheet structure, imparted excellent fire retardant performance to EP composites. This work provides new insights into the application of bimetallic MXenes in flame retardant polymer composites .

EVALUATION OF THE DESIGN OF RETAINING WALLS ON THE ROAD SUKABUMI (BAROS) - SAGARANTEN KM BDG 115+200

<p>The Sukabumi (Baros) – Sagaranten Km Bdg 115+200 road section which is located in Sukabumi Regency is a road section for the province of West Java. Because the road is always damaged due to being eroded by water infiltration in the rice fields that seeps into the road body area at that location and the soil at that location tends to be unstable based on the results of lab tests having a shear angle value of 4.99ᵒ and having a specific gravity of 17.45, then it is carried out analysis of the existing damaged retaining wall and the design of a new gabion-type retaining wall at that location. The gabion retaining wall building will be designed with 3 designs, the first using a stone volume of 13 m3, the second using a stone volume of 8 m3 and the third using a stone volume of 6.5 m3. Based on the results of the calculation analysis using Rankine theory, it was found that the existing retaining wall was unable to withstand the shearing force which got a check value of 1.18 which should have a value of SF > 1.5, while the 3 gabion plan buildings got the appropriate SF value, namely against the overturning force, shear force and soil bearing capacity.</p>

Effect of powder-activated carbon pre-coating membrane on the performance of the UF system for wastewater reclamation: a pilot-scale study

Abstract Pretreatment is an indispensable means to alleviate membrane fouling and improve ultrafiltration (UF) performance. In this study, we designed and established a powder-activated carbon pre-coating membrane (PACPM) unit as a pretreatment for the UF system. The effective filtration area of PACPM was 0.5 m2. 300 g/m2 PAC was selected as the optimal dosage in the pilot-scale apparatus according to the laboratory-scale trial. The pre-coating membrane could be formed within 30 min. PACPM could remove different kinds of organic compounds with different molecular weights and hydrophobicity during a certain period of time. During 10 operation cycles, the specific flux decrease rate of PACPM-UF was only 2.8%, which was much lower than that of direct UF (13.4%). PACPM could improve the performance of the UF system, not only for the increase of the initial SF value but also for the increase of the flux recovery thorough backwash. Nevertheless, a regular replace-regeneration process is necessary to maintain PACPM performance.

Analysis of slope stability based in the spencer method on the ring road section, Sikumana. Kupang City

The analysis of slope stability is on of most common solution that use to answer any problems about landslide. On aplicate it, how to know the parameters that always we used on analysed slope stability is the basic way to can calculate it detail. The perameter like slope dimensions, soil sample (disturb and undisturb), and laboratory test. In this case, the slope stability is used Spencer’s Method as a of the limit equilibrium method, and in other word a a merge method of moment equilibrium (Bishop’s Method) and force equilibrium (Janbu’s Method). The soil samples are taken from the along of slope surface for 3 points, above, in the middle, and the bellow. On laboratory test we have to get the parameters like cohesi (c), friction angle (ɸ), and unit weight (γ). This analyse is to know the safety factor (Sf) value from the slope at 40 road. From the research, the slope is maked by homogeny soil, clay from the noele formation. And we can get the material properties for the samples respectly, unit weight: 16,80 kN/m3, cohesi (c): 4,88 kPa, friction angle (ɸ): 39,320 (first sample); unit weight (γ): 15,97 kN/m3, Cohesi (c): 5,08 kPa, friction angle (ɸ): 26,200 (second sample); unit weight (γ): 15,48 kN/m3, cohesi (c): 5,28 kPa, friction angle (ɸ): 26,200. And the FoS value is 0,548 base on Sencer’s Method calculate. So, is maked some slope design recommendations to get the stability condition of the slope (SF>1), are SF1=1,610; SF2=1,410.

Kinematics analysis of freestyle swimming athletes at the 2019 Indonesia Open Aquatic Championship (IOAC)

This study aims to determine the kinematics of the men's 50 and 100 meter freestyle swimming athletes. Research method uses quantitative descriptive with 50 meter swimmers and 100 meter freestyle men at the 2019 IOAC championship. Instrument used was a Sony Rx-10Mark IV camera placed in the highest stands at a distance of 25 m in a 50-meter pool. Video results analyzed using the Kinovea 0.8.27 software by calculating the SF,SV,SR, and SL. The results showed that the average number of a 50meter had an SF of 13.06,SV of 1.89 m.s-1,SR of 59.08 cycles.min-1, and SL of 1.92 m.cycle-1. The 100 meter number, the average SF value is 11.8 at a distance of 50-meter and 12.08 at 100 meter. In comparison, the SV average is 1.73 m.s-1 at a distance of 50 and 1.72 m.s-1 at a distance of 100-meter. SR the average is 46.35 cycles.min-1 distance of 50 meter and 50, 2 100 m distance. SL the average is 2.25 m.cycle-1 distance of 50-meter and 2.08 distance of 100-meter. Conclusion, are differences in kinematics of swimming between the men's 50 meter and 100 meter freestyle in SV and SR,while those in SF and SL tend to be the same.

Slope stability analysis in various Terraces model (case study: Sendangmulyo, Tirtomulyo District, Wonogiri Regency)

Wonogiri has various contours. Steep slopes dominate some areas. Hence it has a high possibility to occur landslides. There are still a lot of people living under the slopes. Therefore, this research is essential for disaster mitigation purposes. The study aims to know how the value of the slope safety factor changes with construction terraces design. The research was conducted by collecting secondary data and improving the Terraces construction carried out. The data was analyzed in the limit equilibrium method to provide conditions before and after the rain. The models were tried with several Terraces variations on the slope to obtain the most optimal design. The results used a simplified Bishop method. The design of terraces on the slopes of Sendangmulyo Wonogiri Village shows that the SF value increase is only for the conditions before a rain. In contrast, the states after the rain do not yield a safety condition. The SF value increases if the number of steps increases, whereas the more step height increases, the less the SF value will be.

Static Structural Analysis and Determination of Low-Cost Component Sizes of The Paper Pulper Machines

Paper pulper machines a capacity of 83 litres/process must have a low-cost material, robust and safe to operate. Paper pulper machine components analysed are tubes, frames, helical screw shaft and the shaft holder. The method uses a static structural analysis to obtain von mises stress and displacement. Static structural analysis uses finite element analysis with the help of CATIA® Software. The safe component size and lowest cost (safety factor more than 2.5) were selected in this study. Calculation of costs by multiplying the size of the material needs by material prices. Tube components use SUS 304 with thickness variations of 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1, 1.5, and 2mm. Frame and shaft holder using L shape ASTM A36 size 40x40mm and 50 x50 mm with thickness variations of 3, 4, and 5 mm respectively. Variations in material size are determined based on standard material sizes available on the market. The simulation result of each component shows the thicker the material, the lower the von mises stress, the lower the displacement and the higher safety factor. Tubes with a thickness of 0.5mm have a von mises stress of 4.43 MPa, a displacement of 4.7 x 104 mm with SF 56.4 is safe and were chosen because of the lowest material costs (IDR 360,009). The frame size was chosen 40x40x3 mm based on the SF frame value (26) with the lowest material cost (IDR 197,800). The shaft holder is also chosen for the size of 40x40x3mm where the SF value (3834) and the lowest material cost (IDR 14,400). Helical screw shaft size is chosen at 0.5mm thickness where SF is 304 and material costs IDR 100,968. The overall results of the static structural analysis on various sizes of the paper pulper machine components showed ovon under Oyield, small displacement, and SF is safe.

Subsidence and heat propagation modeling on the underground coal gasification (Case study at Muara Enim Formation, South Sumatera)

One of the important issues to study underground coal gasification (UCG) is the prediction of surface subsidence. Several parameters that influence these conditions are the thickness of cap rock, the physical and mechanical characteristics, the structure condition, the minerals composition of the rock, and external conditions. This study had been carried out simulation and modeling to determine the level of surface subsidence risk and the effect of high temperatures due to the activities. The modeling results show that the thickness of the rock above the UCG coal seam greatly affects the surface subsidence. The depth is more than 200 m and found that the SF value is 1.59 which indicates UCG reactor depth of ≥ 200 m is safe from the risk of subsidence. From the characteristic aspect of the cap rock, the claystone types which not contain kaolinite minerals are more prone to collapse than those of contain kaolinite minerals. From this models, the gasifier at 150 m depth was estimated that there will be a decline of -7.23 m, and the minimum subsidence is at 275 m about 0.1 m. The heat propagation modeling results show that at 50 m the temperature is estimated to be 213- 289°C, but if the thickness of the cap rock is > 200 m depth, the temperature is around 29-28°C.