Sexual Expression Research Articles

Sexual Expression in Long-Term Care Institutions: Are We Ready for the Baby Boomer Generation?

Baby boomers were at the forefront of profound social changes in sexual attitudes and many have expressed a desire to remain sexually active throughout their life course. The purpose of this survey study was to assess the perceived preparedness of Ontario's long-term care (LTC) homes to meet the changing sexuality needs and expectations of LTC residents. We examined sexuality-related attitudes, including in the context of dementia, among 150 LTC administrators. Participants also completed a questionnaire assessing their experiences and perceptions regarding existing and anticipated supports, barriers, and priorities. Most participants demonstrated positive sexual attitudes; however, multiple challenges to meeting residents' sexuality needs were noted, including assessing capacity to consent, limited privacy, staff training, conflicting attitudes, and a lack of adequate policy and guidelines. Challenges are broad and significant and considerable attention is required to meet the expectations of the next generation of LTC residents, including gender and sexual minority elders.

Community rehabilitation by the trained village health volunteers on activities of daily living and quality of life in stroke survivors

Background: The number of people with disabilities resulting from strokes is increasing in Thailand. The major sequela of the disease was weakness in one side of the body that causes difficulty in activities of daily living (ADL) and poor quality of life (QOL) for stroke survivors. Community-based rehabilitation could be one of the strategies that enhances functional performance and improves QOL in these individuals. There were many disabled people in Mae Ka subdistrict, San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai Province, where health care providers and local people were enthusiastic to take care of each other’s health in the community. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate rehabilitation outcomes in ADL and QOL of stroke participants who received rehabilitation services from trained village health volunteers (VHVs). Materials and methods: This study was a quasi-experimental research design. Subjects were recruited using purposive sampling, including 10 stroke survivors. Instruments used were 1) ADL Assessment for Occupational Therapy Clients; and 2) World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment, Short Form-Thai version. The statistics used were descriptive, as well as the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test. Results: Results demonstrated that scores of basic activities of daily living (BADL) in the participants increased significantly (p<0.05) except for sexual expression. The score in the instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) was also significantly higher at post-rehabilitation than pre-intervention (p<0.05), as was the total ADL score. Stroke patients had significantly higher QOL scores after intervention than the pretest (p<0.05). Conclusion: These indicated that the community rehabilitation center at Mae Ka Subdistrict Administrative Organization, San Pa Tong District, Chiang Mai Province, run by the trained VHVs could promote ability in daily activities and improve QOL in stroke participants who come for their services.

Revisiting “An Unknown Woman”: A Look at Freud’s Paper Through the Lens of Hans Loewald

In his paper “The Psychogenesis of a Case of Homosexuality in a Woman” (1920), Freud tried to outline a general psychoanalytic approach to homosexuality by recounting the case of an 18-year-old girl sent to him by her father. The case, as told by Freud, makes for awkward reading today. Loewald’s theory of developmental narrative, differentiation, linking, and his notion of parricide as the individual giving voice to one’s self, offers a different lens through which to view it. Although Loewald did not write directly about the issue of homosexuality, in boys or girls, in “The Waning of the Oedipus Complex” he gives voice to the inner processes of separation and linking from parents, leading to mourning, through which the adolescent has to go. In this paper, I offer a reading of the Freud case using Loewald’s theory, which enables us to highlight homosexuality as a variation in the expression of human sexuality, rather than a pathological deviation as Freud implies, and presents the “unknown woman” as struggling with difficulties in mourning.

Sexuality among the elderly: understanding the weight of stereotypes

Sexuality is an integral part of health and accompanies human beings throughout their lives. It contributes to well-being and improves quality of life. The social representations conveyed by Western society modulate sexuality and can play a decisive role in the expression of seniors' sexuality.

Workplace Climate for Sexual and Gender Minorities in Athletic Training.

Sexual and gender minorities (SGMs) are individuals with sexual orientations, gender identities, or expressions (or a combination of these) that differ from cultural norms. Sexual and gender minorities often face workplace discrimination and report decreased physical and emotional well-being from discrimination. To explore the workplace climate of SGM athletic trainers (ATs). Sequential mixed-methods study. Web-based survey and interviews. Criterion sampling of SGM ATs (117 survey participants and 12 interview participants). We modified the LGBTQ Inclusion Assessment and the Organizational Self-Assessment for the survey and developed a semistructured interview script (scale-level content validity index = 0.94). We used means ± SDs, frequencies (%), and the consensual qualitative research tradition to characterize participant responses. Trustworthiness was established through reflexivity (researchers checking bias throughout the research process), member-checking, multianalyst triangulation, and internal and external auditing. Participants indicated their workplace was inclusive (24 [20.5%]), somewhat inclusive (29 [24.8%]), or not inclusive (14 [12.0%]) or did not indicate at all (50 [42.7%]). Respondents most often noted they were unsure of which stage of change their organizations and organizational units were in addressing lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, questioning, pansexual, intersex, asexual, 2-spirit, and all within the community of queer and transspectrum identities (LGBTQPIA+) concerns in the workplace as well as specific actions taken for inclusion. Two domains emerged from the interview data: safety and inclusion. The safety domain represented aspects of the workplace climate that made participants feel safe and includes organizational initiatives (12/12), patient-centered policies (7/12), local and federal regulations (7/12), and signaling (12/12). The inclusion domain represented how participants felt a sense of belonging to the organization through their own experience (12/12), through the experiences of their patients (9/12), and through an infrastructure designed for inclusion (12/12). Participants expressed both affirmative and negative feelings of safety and inclusion throughout their responses. Organizations must take both structural and cultural actions to address the concerns of exclusion and lack of safety.

Young children’s expression of gender and sexuality a multimodal research method

ABSTRACT Despite flourishing gender studies over the last decades, gender equality continues to reflect imbalance, with the dominance of gender binary thinking, lacking an emphasis on a more fluid approach where children themselves are active participants. The aim of this study was to explore young children’s perceptions of gender roles and sexuality. The research applied a poststructural feminist theoretical framework as well as a research method inspired by the story completion method and the mosaic approach. The children’s views were underpinned by heteronormativity, but they occasionally diverged from that framework to refer to non-heteronormative families and characters. We argue that our findings demonstrate the considerable impact of heteronormativity on gender relations in preschools and the need to take that influence into account when creating a gender-sensitive pedagogy. Valuing children’s agency, supporting children’s power by listening to their perspectives might be the way forward, towards finding balance to promote gender equality in preschools.

Recognizing the agency of forced migrants with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions, and sex characteristics

Abstract In recent years, scholarship and policy reports have slowly attended to the lived realities of forced migrants with diverse sexual orientations, gender identities and expressions, and sex characteristics (SOGIESC). However, these emerging discourses are typically characterized by a violation-centric view that focuses on queer migrants’ vulnerabilities and experiences of victimization. Yet, what remains strikingly absent from existing research and advocacy engagement is how refugees with diverse SOGIESC across different settings also actively seek out services and build support networks; how they engage with their experiences on their own terms; how they resist violence; or in other words, how they exercise various forms of agency. In this field reflection, we emphasize the importance to recognize how and under what conditions forced migrants with diverse SOGIESC exercise agency. We put forward illustrative examples based on field reflections of working with refugees with diverse SOGIESC, opening up new perspectives for research, policy, and activism.

Sexuality of people 60+ in care institutions - theoretical approach and directions for future research

The article focuses on the sexuality of people aged 60+ in care institutions. We characterise the ageing process of this group in psychosexual and social terms. A review of the literature and legal documents concerning the functioning of the care system for older people, including both public and private social welfare homes, was presented. The analysis of previous Polish and foreign research allowed us to verify the extent to which the sexual rights of residents are respected. In addition, we pay attention to the substantive preparation of employees of 24-hour care facilities, especially in the case of unwanted sexual behaviour. We also consider the situation of older non-heteronormative people and the possibility of their sexual expression within the framework of formal long-term care. We identify four areas of future research: (1) comparative analysis of 24-hour public and private facilities in terms of respecting residents’ rights to privacy and intimacy; (2) examining how the provisions in legal acts are understood and implemented by employees of care institutions in the context of working with sexuality; (3) getting to know the competence of employees to plan interventions and support in the area of residents’ sexuality, as well as checking whether the C. Archibald (1994) model of action can be applied in Polish institutions; (4) describing the functioning of elderly non-heterosexual people in nursing homes.

Recognition and inequalities in older adults' sexuality in Chile.

This paper explores older adults' perceptions on sexuality and affectivity in Chile, according to class and sex. The study is based on computer-assisted telephonic interviews with people aged 60 and over, men and women (n = 481). Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests and binary logistic regressions. Maintaining an active sex life is important for older adults of both sexes, contradicting the commonsense view according to which the relevance allocated to sex decreases significantly with age. However, the data show significant differences in perceptions by sex, suggesting that gendered conceptions regarding sexuality are influential along the entire life cycle. There are also relevant differences according to class, revealing the inequalities present in the expression of sexuality in Chile.

Revisit and explore the ethylene-independent mechanism of sex expression in cucumber (Cucumis sativus).

This review provides a thorough and comprehensive perspective on the topic of cucumber sexual expression. Specifically, insights into sex expression mediated by pathways other than ethylene are highlighted. Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is a common and important commercial crop that is cultivated and consumed worldwide. Additionally, this species is commonly used as a model for investigating plant sex expression. Cucumbers exhibit a variety of floral arrangements, comprising male, female, and hermaphroditic (bisexual) flowers. Generally, cucumber plants that produce female flowers are typically preferred due to their significant impact on the overall output. Various environmental conditions, such as temperature, light quality, and photoperiod, have been also shown to influence the sex expression in this species. Multiple lines of evidence indicate that ethylene and its biosynthesis genes are crucial in regulating cucumber sex expression. Gibberellins, another well-known phytohormone, can similarly influence cucumber sex expression via an ethylene-independent route. Further studies employing the next-generation sequencing technology also visualized a deeper slice of the molecular mechanism such as the role of the cell cycle program in the cucumber sex expression. This review aims to provide an overview of the sex expression of cucumber including its underlying molecular mechanism and regulatory aspects based on recent investigations.

Structural vulnerabilities and over-criminalization of LGBTQ + youth in the California justice system

PurposeLesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ + ) youth are overly represented in the juvenile justice system, which stems from their structural vulnerability. LGBTQ + youths’ structural vulnerability, the societal criminalization of LGBTQ + individuals’ sexual and gender expression, and over-policing place these youth at greater risk of being charged with prostitution and related offenses. In turn, this study examines the relationship between youths’ gender identity, sexual orientation, structural vulnerability, and over-criminalization with the likelihood of being charged with prostitution or related charges, controlling for race/ethnicity and age. In doing so, the study offers insight to the mechanisms producing LGBTQ + youths’ structural vulnerability. MethodsThis study draws on the Criminalization of LGBQ/GNCT Youth data, which contains data on youth incarcerated in 46 of the 48 juvenile detention facilities in California in 2014 (N = 4,033). The data include information regarding youths’ sexuality, gender identity, race/ethnicity, child welfare system involvement, homelessness, and charges leading to detention. ResultsLGTBQ + youth had significantly higher odds of being incarcerated for prostitution and related charges than cisgender and straight youth. Experiencing family rejection and being detained more than once was significantly related to the odds of being incarcerated for prostitution and related charges. ConclusionLGBTQ + youth have significantly higher odds of being incarcerated for prostitution related offenses, which illuminates the nature of their structural vulnerability that place these youth at risk for justice involvement. Findings demonstrate a need for affirming LGBTQ + -specific services and improving the sexual orientation and gender identity and expression (SOGIE) data gathered in juvenile justice facilities.

Resistance Againts Patriarchal Cultural Hegemony on Instagram @laviaminora

This research constitutes a qualitative descriptive analysis using Roland Barthes' semiotic theory, focusing on the concepts of denotation and connotation. Centered around the Instagram account @laviaminora, the study describes and analyzes messages of resistance against patriarchal hegemony manifested in visual texts. Employing semiotic analysis methods, this research highlights how signs of sexuality in the account serve as a form of critique against sexual repression and societal norms in Indonesia.Research findings indicate that the sexuality represented in @laviaminora is not merely a denotation of reality but also carries connotations that create subjective and emotional meanings. The account successfully constructs a narrative of resistance against longstanding myths related to patriarchal culture, emphasizing the values of women's freedom. In the context of Indonesian patriarchal society, the socio-cultural construction of sexuality is identified as a tool to maintain male dominance over women.The research concludes that @laviaminora creatively utilizes semiotics as a means to critique and resist patriarchal norms that continue to influence social and cultural life in Indonesia.

Clarice and the sweet pea of her sexual desires

In the aftermath of Iran's Islamic revolution, the representation and expression of women's sexuality have undergone stringent official censorship. Zoya Pirzad stands out among Iranian female authors for subtly challenging the Islamic regime's censorship of Iranian women's bodies and sexuality in her writings. In Things We Left Unsaid (2012), while articulating the sexual desires of her protagonist, Pirzad adeptly employed indirect writing techniques to safeguard her work from censorship. This article delves into the author's nuanced literary techniques, including similes, metaphors, idioms, symbols, allusions, haptic perception, and the portrayal of bodily effects, as means to subvert Iran's official censorship. Pirzad employs these literary tactics to discreetly depict her protagonist's illicit sexual relationship, interwoven with the author's critique of the government's repressive policies on women's rights. To understand the intricate dance between the said and unsaid in Pirzad's work, this article draws upon the insights of affect theory.

Challenges of Sexuality Expression in Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder

IntroductionSexuality, although an essential component of human health, remains a controversial topic shrouded in stigma, particularly in the context of neurodiversity, which includes autism spectrum disorder (ASD), where the expression of sexuality presents unique challenges. Autism and sexuality is a complex and multifaceted topic that involves understanding the unique ways in which individuals on the autism spectrum experience and express their sexuality.ObjectivesThe purpose of this work is to address the complexity of the biopsychosocial sexuality components of people with autism, promoting a shift in the medical perspective, societal attitudes, and supporting greater inclusion of these individuals in current discussions regarding this area of human behavior and experience.MethodsEvidence-based review, through research conducted on PubMed and selection of the most relevant studies on this topic, published in the last decade.ResultsSexuality in autism is now recognized as a normative and integral aspect of development and functioning. Existing research suggests that most individuals with ASD display a clear interest in sexuality and relationships, with a study reviling that 96% of the ASD sample expressed an interest in sexuality. Individuals with high autistic traits tended to identify themselves more times as bisexual or presented a sexuality not definable within the categories of heterosexual. The relationship between autism and gender dysphoria is an area of ongoing research and discussion. Studies have suggested a higher prevalence of gender diverse identities and experiences within the autism community compared to the general population. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain the increased gender and sexual diversity among individuals with autism. People with ASD may face unique challenges when it comes to their sexuality. The impairments in social skills and communication central to ASD potentially impact an autistic individual’s expression and experience of sexuality by affecting their abilities to understand and interpret social cues, emotions, and nonverbal behaviors of others. Importantly, such individuals may be more vulnerable, as they may have different or even limited understanding of boundaries and consent. To address these challenges, it is important to acknowledge and respect the diversity of sexual experiences and desires among individuals with neuro(bio)logical differences. This can be done by providing accurate and inclusive sex education, creating safe spaces for such individuals to explore and express their sexuality, and working to address discrimination and abuse in intimate contexts.ConclusionsRecognizing and respecting this diversity and fostering inclusive and accepting environments, we can help individuals with neurological differences to fully express and explore their sexuality and have satisfying sexual lives.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Role of Feminism and Gender in Endorsement of Hookup Culture among Emerging Adults.

Hookup culture has transformed the sexual behavior of emerging adults. Feminism, a movement that has advocated for liberating women from sexual repression, may be associated with hookup endorsement attitudes. This study explores the associations among multiple dimensions of feminism, gender, and hookup culture endorsement. Participants included 318 emerging adults (46% women; Mage = 22.2 years; 51% White, 27% Asian, 5% Hispanic/Latinx, 9% Black, 1% Middle Eastern, 1% American Indian, 6% Multiracial) from five Anglophone countries (62% U.S., 23% United Kingdom, 9% Canada, 5% Australia, 1% New Zealand), who completed the Feminist Beliefs and Behavior Scale and Endorsement of Hookup Culture Index via an anonymous, online survey. Participants were categorized according to their feminist identity label (feminist, non-feminist) and feminist belief system (hold feminist beliefs, hold non-feminist beliefs). A series of ANCOVAs was conducted, revealing that women who identified as feminist and/or held feminist beliefs reported significantly higher endorsement of hookup culture compared to non-feminist women with non-feminist beliefs. Neither dimension of feminism predicted hookup culture endorsement in men. When comparing feminist-identifying women and men, the gender disparity in hookup culture endorsement was eliminated. Together, these findings highlight how social movements, such as feminism, may be associated with young women's attitudes towards hookups, and may ultimately shape their sexual experiences.

Sexual Experiences and Sexuality of Forensic Mental Health Patients - A Theoretical Framework

IntroductionSexuality and sexual experiences in forensic mental health patients are intricate issues at the crossroads of mental health, legal contexts, and societal perceptions. Forensic mental health patients, situated within the criminal justice system, require psychiatric treatment due to offenses committed. Understanding their sexual behaviors, experiences, and attitudes towards sexuality is pivotal for effective therapeutic interventions and rehabilitation. Various factors influence the sexuality of forensic mental health patients. Mental health disorders impact an individual’s sexual expression, and medications used to treat these conditions may affect libido, sexual functioning, and arousal patterns, posing challenges in their sexual experiences.ObjectivesAddressing the sexual needs and experiences of these individuals requires a comprehensive approach. Mental health professionals must create safe and non-judgmental spaces for patients to openly discuss their sexual concerns. Therapeutic interventions should focus on facilitating healthy sexual expression and providing education on consent, healthy relationships, and understanding boundaries. Forensic mental health professionals often receive specialized training to address the complex intersection of sexuality and mental health within legal contexts. Navigating ethical and legal boundaries while providing support to these individuals is crucial, ensuring that interventions align with legal regulations and ethical standards. Rehabilitation programs in forensic mental health facilities should integrate sex education and relationship-building skills to help patients develop a healthy understanding of sexuality. These programs aim to reduce reoffending and support the reintegration of individuals into society by promoting responsible and respectful sexual behaviors.MethodsThis study conducts a systematic literature review to comprehend the intricate nature of sexuality and sexual experiences among forensic mental health patients.ResultsResearch in this area faces limitations and ethical challenges due to the sensitivity of the topic. Ethical considerations, such as confidentiality and consent, must be meticulously addressed in studies and while providing care to this population.ConclusionsUnderstanding the sexuality and sexual experiences of forensic mental health patients is integral to their treatment and rehabilitation. It requires a multifaceted approach that acknowledges the complexities these individuals face due to mental health conditions, personal histories, and the nature of their care environment. Tailored and comprehensive support can promote healthier sexual behaviors, relationships, and overall well-being among this population.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Right to attention to sexuality for people with mental disorders: bridges between health and social services

IntroductionThe expression of sexuality in the adult with mental disorders depends on the early incorporation of factors for promoting social inclusion. It is fundamental that sexual educators and advisors, in addition to working with the clients, also work with close family members. Intervention programs should establish objectives for developing a positive attitude towards sexuality in people with mental disorders and improving self-esteem (Katz G,Salud Publica Mex. 2008;50 Suppl 2:s239-54).ChallengeAchieving support for people with mental health problems and/or substance use disorder admitted to the Social Rehabilitation Process of a psychiatric hospital so that they develop their sexuality satisfactorily. The right to privacy must be taken into account.ObjectivesPromoting a healthy and satisfactory development of sexuality in people with severe mental disorders. Raising awareness among healthcare teams, families and legal representatives regarding the need and suitability for support. Introducing the concept of sexuality as a dignifying perspective. Promoting sexual education that avoids disadvantages and situations of abuse in the target group. Coordinating the continuity of the project with non-health social services after discharge.HypothesisPossibility of receiving support in the development of sexuality through training, information and improvement in the management of emotions/feelings in people who express the need or willingness to receive it, will contribute to overcoming limitations or difficulties.MethodsDetecting people who during 2021 wish to work on the objectives through the care team. Searching for community resources aimed at attending sexuality issues in people with mental health problems. Proposing the hospital a collaboration with a non-profit entity that develops a specialized program for attention to sexuality in disability. Coordination between Treatment team and Entity. Quantitative and qualitative assessment of one year of experience according to the parameters of the entity.Results2022People includedPercentage of people admittedto the Income Unit (65)Detection concern sex-affectivity 57,69%Verbalized concern34,61%Referral to the entity program23,07%ConclusionsAll patients included have a diagnosis of psychosis. Experience was very positive for the participants. Community intervention projects that lead to an education in healthy and respectful relationships in the field of sexuality and affectivity are necessary. This would allow to prevent behaviours and situations at risk of abuse as well as social and emotional instability.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Gay & Gray XI: Somewhere Over the Rainbow - Aging with Pride!

Having previously tackled topics such as LGBTQ military sexual trauma, revisiting aging populations and HIV, and the intersectional experience of black queer older adults, Gay & Gray this year will focus on the transitional process of aging itself. While seniors cope with life changes as they grow older, LGBTQ seniors face specific challenges that may be especially burdensome. Often, older LGBTQ adults “have to make a hard choice at the end of their lives: Go ‘back into the closet’ or accept inferior care and discrimination” (CBC). This predicament embodies “a fear of loss of autonomy, identity, and freedom of sexual expression,” and often results in compromise “in order to feel safe during a period in which they anticipate… being vulnerable and lacking in power” (Wilson, et al.).In this session, we will discuss powerful issues including the threat of isolation while aging, healthcare access, and moving to long-term housing through the lens of gender and sexual minorities. First, we will explore how older LGBTQ adults are often more isolated than their heterosexual counterparts, with higher rates of living alone, fewer sources of family and social supports, and greater stigma among their peers (SAGE “US Army Vet”, Progress Lifeline). We will also consider reasons why LGBTQ adults may be hesitant to disclose their sexual orientation and gender identity to healthcare providers, fearing inadequate care and even outright discrimination. Afterwards, we will discuss how LGBTQ adults’ transitions from independent living into assisted living and nursing homes are further complicated by concerns about experiencing physical and verbal harassment, as more and more LGBTQ individuals fear “being forced back into the closet” and “conceal… their true selves” in order to access services and avoid harassment (Wilson, et al.). Lastly, we will evaluate potential solutions to promote community and enhance access to safe housing for aging LGBTQ individuals.

데이터로 본 판소리의 性 인지 체계: 신재효本을 중심으로

This study analyzes the sexual cognitive system in pansori works using Shin Jae-hyo’s pansori texts as the research subject. To that end, I first extracted excerpts of sexual expressions from Shin Jae-hyo’s pansori texts such as Chunhyang-ga(NamChang), Simcheong-ga, Bak-Taryeong, Tobyol-ga, Jeokbyeok-ga, and Byeongangsoe-ga. Then, I input them on a sentence-by-sentence basis with metadata including the speaker (narrator), target of description, related characters, works, and excerpts. As a preliminary step for the quantitative analysis, I performed morphological analysis and preprocessing on the data entered in the text column. This made the language of the pansori texts suitable for digital analysis tools with the input of new information or stop words into the user dictionary.
 Three analyses were attempted using the data extracted from Shin Jae-hyo’s pansori texts. First, basic statistical analysis was conducted to visualize which work had the most occurrences of sexual expressions and to examine the frequency of speaker-description target pairs when sexual expressions were uttered and their targets. Second, Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) topic modeling was performed to extract topics from a large collection of documents. Third, I used co-occurrence word analysis to reveal the semantic network of words constituting sexual expressions.
 The findings revealed that the sexual cognitive system in pansori works is based on “deviation and return.” That is, while enjoying pansori, one can realize that forbidden desires are, indeed, common desires and can satisfy sexual fantasies. However, such desires should not persist beyond exceptional circumstances and should ultimately be concealed and transformed to abide byto societal norms. Listening to and reading pansori involves repeatedly deviating from and returning to sexuality as a theme that persists throughout the whole story.

Sociological Observations on Problems of Marital Adjustment

Men and women are the most important parts of our social and personal life. When men and women both are employed, it makes some adjustments related to issues of their married life. Marital adjustment is considered to be life lifelong process; although in the early days, one has to give serious consideration. Adjustment in marriage is a fundamental maturity of emotional maturity. Marriage gives the partners an opportunity for satisfaction of their needs for companionship, affection and sexual expression. Present observations are based on some social, psychological and economic aspects of married life. Urban/ metropolitan lifestyle is expensive and based on imitations of others makes life complex.