Sexual Violence Perpetration Research Articles

Technology-Facilitated Sexual Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Adolescents: A Network Analysis

IntroductionThe present study sought to analyze the relationships between different forms of technology-facilitated sexual violence (TFSV) perpetration and victimization, including gender- and sexuality-based harassment, digital sexual harassment, and image-based sexual abuse (IBSA), which includes both sextortion and non-consensual pornography.MethodsThe sample was composed of 1682 adolescents (865 girls; Mage = 13.90, SDage = 1.26) who completed self-report measures from November 2019 to March 2020. We conducted network analyses to analyze the relationships among different forms of TFSV perpetration and victimization.ResultsOverall, girls had higher victimization scores, whereas boys had higher scores in the perpetration of several forms of TFSV. Gender- and sexuality-based victimization formed a cluster with digital sexual harassment victimization, while sextortion and nonconsensual pornography victimization formed a differentiated cluster. Forms of IBSA victimization and digital sexual harassment victimization were strongly associated with their perpetration counterparts for boys, but this was not the case for girls.ConclusionsThe results revealed that the different forms of victimization and perpetration appear to be related and suggest that TFSV is a gendered form of abuse.Policy ImplicationsFindings from the present study suggest that preventive programs in schools and communities should be holistic and address various forms of TFSV.

WARTIME SEXUAL VIOLENCE OFFENCES: QUEST TO UNRAVEL THE ASSOCIATED CONSEQUENCES IN INTERNATIONAL LAW

Despite increasing awareness and the huge condemnation of sexual violence during armed conflicts in the last decades, the bodies of women and girls continue to be regarded as spoils and bonus of war globally. Warring parties often engage the use of rape and other forms of sexual violence, as a tool to punish, terrorize and destroy targeted ethnic populations. In other instances, rebels and terrorist groups engage sexual violence as a weapon and strategy to advance their mundane objectives. the paper aims at examining the consequences and impact of wartime sexual violence on women, and men as well as the impact of such violence on their family and immediate society during armed conflicts. The paper finds that despite efforts made by the international community through the enactment of laws and resolutions in curtailing the scourge of sexual violence during wartime, rape and other forms of sexual violence are still being employed during armed conflict situations as weapon and tactics of war by soldiers and other armed groups. The paper relies on primary and secondary information such as International Conventions and Treaties, Books, Journal Articles, Judicial Precedents and Internet Materials. Flowing from the above, the paper concludes that the desired need to end sexual violence generated impunity is possible through sensitization and propaganda vide non-governmental organizations, accountability and coordinated enforcement through both domestic and international institutions. The paper further recommends that women and other victims of wartime violence who steps out to speak and report the crime of sexual violence committed against them should be protected and rewarded as this would lead to the massive reporting, arresting and prosecuting of perpetrators of conflict-related sexual violence.

Problematika Frasa Tanpa Persetujuan Korban Dalam Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Kebudayaan Riset Dan Teknologi Nomor 30 Tahun 2021 Tentang Pencegahan Dan Penanggulangan Kekerasan Seksual Di Perguruan Tinggi

The Ministry of Education and Culture in an effort to prevent and overcome sexual violence The Ministry of Education and Culture issued Regulation No. 30 of 2021 concerning the Prevention and Control of Sexual Violence in Higher Education. The Permendikbudristek is intended as a legal basis for the processing of cases of sexual violence that occur in the Higher Education environment. However, there were several problematic substances after the Permendikbudristek was ratified, one of which was the phrase "Without Victim's Consent" which triggered the assumption that the Permendikbudristek encouraged the occurrence of free sex in universities. This study will examine the legal politics of this phrase and its implications for handling cases of sexual violence from a victim perspective. This research is a normative legal research. The results of this study, namely, the phrase "Without the Victim's Consent" cannot be interpreted as an argumentum a contrario to encourage free sex in universities. . This phrase must be proven not only to protect the victim, but also to protect the perpetrator, although it is rare. The conclusion of this study is that the phrase "Without the Victim's Consent" cannot be interpreted grammatically as opposed to the text in question, giving rise to an interpretation that not only harms the victim, but also contains accusations against higher education institutions. The phrase “Without the Victim's Consent” is needed to guarantee the rights of the victim as well as to provide legal certainty for alleged perpetrators of sexual violence in universities.

The Prevalence of Sexual Violence Perpetration in Sexual Minority Men: A Secondary Analysis of Systematic Review Data.

We downloaded the dataset and associated materials from Mendeley.com's data archive. To our surprise, we could not analyze sexual perpetration prevalence rates in sexual minority men using the systematic review data due to absence of reported data across all 77 independent samples including over 5,500 male participants. We found no significant relationship between inclusion of sexual minority men and the use of measurement strategies specialized to assess sexual minority needs. We did find a positive relationship between recency of publication and the inclusion of sexual minority men, r(76) = .24, p = .03, and that most authors/co-authors were women (72%). Preventing perpetration is central to ending sexual violence; therefore, future research should include sexual minority people and use appropriate methodology in the investigation of sexual perpetration characteristics and patterns.

Concept of Restorative Justice in Criminal Acts of Sexual Violence with Child Perpetrator and Victims

This article aims to clarify the idea of restorative justice in situations of sexual violence where children are both the perpetrator and the victim. This study uses normative legal research with a statute and conceptual approaches. The results show that law enforcement against children as perpetrators of crimes of sexual violence with child victims must still pay attention to the principle of proportionality. This principle seeks to limit punitive consequences and restrain public responses so that they stay proportionate to juvenile perpetrators of sexual violence. In addition to focusing on activities, this idea also considers the child's environment. In the meantime, law enforcement that cannot be conducted through diversion must nevertheless regard the rights of the child, so that when children are criminalized, only half of the adult punishment is imposed, so that they can return to society appropriately and be equipped with skills.

Understanding Child Sexual Abuse in the Religious Contexts in Indonesia through a Lived Experience

Child sexual abuse in Indonesia occurs in various settings, including home, school, or work (in places where child labor is common). The National Commission for Child Protection (Komnas Perlindungan Anak) stated that52% of cases of violence against children from 2020 to mid-2021 were sexual violence (Suminar, 2021).The increasing number of child abuse cases encourages parents to send their children to religion-based schools that, they think, offer safer environments. Based on the data collected by KOMNAS Perempuan, 19% of sexual violence occurred in Islamic boarding schools or Islamic-based education and 3% in Christian-based education. KPAI also noted that 88% of perpetrators of sexual violence in schools were teachers, mostly religion teachers (13.3%) and physical education teachers (40%), the rest being computer, arts, social studies, Indonesian, or other teachers, while 22% were principals. The objective of the study is to unravel the experience in a religious setting. The finding narrated that the effects of child sexual abuse could include depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety, complex post-traumatic stress disorder, and physical injury to the child, among other problems. In addition, there was no support from the school community for the victim of child abuse.

Assessment of Psychosocial Programs to Prevent Sexual Violence During Adolescence

Sexual violence is a public health problem that affects adolescents globally. To our knowledge, no meta-analysis of prevention programs for adolescent sexual violence has been conducted. To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of psychosocial programs for preventing sexual violence during adolescence. Peer-reviewed articles published in English were searched in PsycINFO, ERIC, PsycArticles, PubMed, and Web of Science databases through December 2021. Studies were included if they were randomized clinical trials assessing the efficacy of a psychosocial prevention program targeting sexual violence and delivered to adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed to identify studies. The quality of individual studies was assessed with the Revised Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool. A random-effects model was used to pool odds ratios (ORs). Exploratory subgroup and metaregression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations between moderators and effect sizes. Primary outcomes were perpetration of sexual violence, experience of sexual violence, and a composite measure of any perpetration or experience of sexual violence. Data were analyzed from 20 trials involving 37 294 adolescents. Compared with control conditions, prevention programs were associated with a significant reduction in the perpetration (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.95; P = .005) and experience (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.98; P = .02) of sexual violence, as well as a 13% significant reduction of any sexual violence (OR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.78-0.97; P = .009). Exploratory analyses of the combination of program setting and participant age indicated that programs that were delivered in school settings and targeted at adolescents aged 15 to 19 years yielded significantly larger effect sizes (Cochran Q = 4.8; P = .03) compared with programs that were either delivered outside of a school setting or targeted younger adolescents. Quality assessment of trials revealed concerns of risk of bias across several included studies. In this meta-analysis, evidence suggested that prevention programs were associated with reducing adolescent sexual violence, especially when implemented at school with older adolescents. However, there is need for additional high-quality research. Prevention of adolescent sexual violence remains understudied compared with other similarly important public health prevention targets.

Profiles of Men's Rape Myth Beliefs and the Association With Rape Proclivity.

The two constructs of rape myth acceptance (RMA) and rape proclivity are associated with sexual violence (SV) perpetration. Further understanding these constructs can help improve prevention efforts aimed at reducing SV perpetration. Latent profile analysis was conducted to examine typologies of RMA among 474 incoming college men and found that male college students can be categorized into four profiles. Some groups endorsed lower or mid-levels of rape myths (RMs) and others endorsed higher levels of some or all RMs, indicating the heterogeneity of RM beliefs. And within each subgroup of college men's RMA, intention to join an all-male sports team and/or a fraternity (two risk factors) and bystander attitudes (a protective factor) were examined as covariates in the model. Bystander attitudes appear to act as a protective factor as they are higher among profiles of men with lower RMA. Furthermore, this study examined the four subgroups (latent profiles) of college men based on their RMA to examine whether membership within each subgroup/profile is differentially associated with rape proclivity. The findings indicate that subgroups of men with high levels of RMA have higher mean rape proclivity scores compared to the subgroup of men with the lowest level of RMA. Implications for prevention programming tailored for high-risk groups of men, based on their RMA beliefs, as well as possible future research within this area are discussed.

Application Of Criminal Law Against Perpetrators Of Sexual Violence In Children

Children are the nation's assets and the next generation's state. Every child has the same human rights as humans in general, as is constantly reported in the mass media about cases of child sexual abuse that need to get an important spotlight for the law to act as soon as possible. Criminal penalties for perpetrators of sexual violence as stated in the Criminal Code and the Child Protection Act are considered ineffective, so the Government passed PERPU No. 1/2016 into UU 17/2016, which applies punishment for perpetrators of sexual violence crimes, including by chemically imposing castration. Arrangements on child sexual intercourse are also regulated in Child Protection Act No.35 of 2014. About the criminal acts of sexual violence against children in articles 76D, 76E and in KUHP, several articles protect children against sexual violence; protection of children is indicated by the provision of criminal punishments for perpetrators. Sexual violence crimes in Indonesia are increasing every year.

Social construction of law enforcement for sexual violence against women in Aceh Utara

The level and types of sexual violence crimes in Indonesia are increasing and worrying the public. Law enforcement efforts to overcome criminal acts of sexual violence are increasingly being implemented. This study aims to examine the social construction of law enforcement against the crime of sexual violence against women in Aceh Utara. Respondents in the study amounted to 21 people who were selected with accidental sampling. The types of data in the form of primary data and secondary data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study explain that the legal basis used in the law enforcement process of sexual violence against women in Aceh Utara is Aceh Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning Inayat Law. Criminal charges for perpetrators of sexual violence in Aceh are whipping, fines, and imprisonment. It was found that the criminal sanctions contained in the qanun jinayat were lighter than the national law. For this reason, it is necessary to revise the qanun to provide a more severe deterrent effect on perpetrators, protect witnesses and victims with adopting developments in national laws related to sexual violence while still referring to the Aceh's Islamic characteristics.

Analisis Hukuman Kebiri Kimia dan Pemasangan Alat Pendeteksi Elektronik Bagi Pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak

Chemical castration and installation of electronic detectors are additional punishments for perpetrators of sexual crimes against children. The problem in this research is how the procedures and installation of electronic detection devices for perpetrators of sexual violence against children are based on Government Regulation number 70 of 2020 concerning Procedures for the Implementation of Chemical Castration, Installation of Electronic Detection Devices, rehabilitation, and Announcement of the Identity of the perpetrators of Sexual Violence against Children and what the impact that will be felt by perpetrators of sexual violence against children after receiving additional punishment in the form of chemical castration. The method used is a normative legal research method. The conclusion of this study is that the procedures for implementing chemical castration and the installation of electronic detection devices are in accordance with applicable government regulations and procedures, although there are still many bad impacts that will be experienced by perpetrators of sexual violence against children, on the other hand the government has implemented appropriate punishments and has thought about consequences and of course providing rehabilitation, all for the common good and efforts to reduce the level of sexual violence that occurs and is experienced by children.

Sexual Violence Perpetration Against Intimate Partners: Current Progress and Future Directions.

The literature on sexual violence perpetration against an intimate partner is reviewed and synthesized. Intimate partner sexual violence (IPSV) is compared to other forms of interpersonal violence, and the heterogeneity of perpetrators is explored through an examination of proposed taxonomies. This review also addresses the applicability of existing risk assessment tools to IPSV perpetrators and identifies criminogenic needs of particular relevance to IPSV. Recent research suggests the perpetration of IPSV is heterogeneous in nature, and individuals who perpetrate IPSV present with criminogenic needs consistent with exclusively sexual and violent offenders. There is support for existing risk tools to predict recidivism, but they may not encompass all relevant risk factors specific to IPSV offending. Commonality exists with other forms of interpersonal violence; however, the literature indicates that IPSV is complex and does not wholly resemble other sexual or violent offenses. Although further study is needed to fully understand IPSV perpetration, best practices in risk assessment and rehabilitation should employ tools that capture criminogenic needs.

The Sexual Economies of Clericalism: Women Religious and Gendered Violence in the Catholic Church

As the sexual abuse crisis continues to plague the Catholic Church across the world, the focus on men as both perpetrators of sexual violence, and victims of child sexual abuse has been at the forefront of media and academic analysis. However, evidence from public inquiries, criminal investigations, academic research and survivor testaments identifies women religious as both perpetrators of sexual and physical violence against children and victims of clerical sexual violence. This indicates that women religious, colloquially known as nuns, belong to a very unsettled landscape in religious gender politics in that they have been both victims of male clerical abuse and perpetrators of child abuse. This article considers these two contested realities by examining and analysing the evidence from research studies and public inquiries. We found that nuns were not only perpetrators of physical and sexual violence against children, but they were also engaged in herding children into the pathways of organised clerical paedophiles, particularly in children’s homes and orphanages where children were considered sexual commodities. Simultaneously, the sexual abuse of nuns has recently become a major concern for religious communities and the wider Church. We argue that by bringing these two realities together through a new discourse—the sexual economies of clericalism—new understandings of the agency of nuns can be explored in a wider theoretical and methodological framework.

Inflicting Death Penalty to Sexual Offenders: A Comparison between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia

The case of sexual violence is increasing every year in Indonesia. The current prevailed penalties for perpetrators of sexual violence as stated in the Penal Code and the Child Protection Act are considered ineffective. The public then proposed that the perpetrators of sexual violence should be sentenced to death. The study aims to conduct a comparative study between Indonesia and Saudi Arabia in punishing sexual violence perpetrators. This study will look at how the death penalty is deemed appropriate to be applied for sexual offenders. It also explores the prevailed punishments by Saudi Arabian government for sexual violence cases. The study is normative research with employing comparative and statutory approaches. The study shows that sexual violence could be regarded as extraordinary crime as it meets particular conditions. Indonesia opens up the possibilities to punish the sexual offenders with the death penalty. However, Saudi Arabia on the other hand did not impose death penalty for sexual violence perpetrators but rather have a public humiliation as an alternative.

A Criminological Study against Sexual Violence Performed by Normal Men against Women with Disabilities

This writing aims to examine the criminology of criminal acts of sexual violence perpetrated by normal men on women with disabilities and the countermeasures made by the Jepara Resort Police to tackle these crimes. This research is included in the type of empirical juridical research. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the object of criminology studies includes three things: criminal acts, perpetrators of criminal acts, and public reactions to both. Furthermore, the object of the study was analyzed using criminological theories. Sexual violence was analyzed using differential association theory. The perpetrators of the crime of sexual violence must have committed a crime because of the factors that caused the crime. After knowing these factors, it was studied using the theory of Social Anomalies. Public reaction to criminal acts and perpetrators of sexual violence. First, the community around the perpetrator provides labeling, or social punishment given to the perpetrator. Second, on the other hand, there are still some people who know about this form of crime and care about the existence of the crime of Sexual Violence by creating forums or becoming activists. This community reaction analysis uses Social interactionist theory.

The Role of Law in Sexual Violence Against Minors

The rise of sexual violence or rape among minors, people flock to ask for criminal penalties for perpetrators of sexual violence. This clearly violates sexual morals, social morals and even religious morals and has a negative impact on child growth and development or puberty in today's children. Sexual violence is very rampant because victims are reluctant to report and they are forced to remain silent by perpetrators of sexual violence. In addition to providing psychological trauma, violence can also cause physical trauma and will make the victim haunted by excessive fear. Therefore, parents must know more about sexual violence that occurs in minors. The problems in this study are: what are the forms of sexual violence crimes that occur in children. What are the factors that encourage sexual violence or cheating on minors. And finally, what is the action or role of the law in tackling criminal acts of sexual violence that occur in minors?. Whether the role of the law is equal and can pay for the psychological and physical trauma of victims who lost their virginity due to violence during their teenage years. He should have received higher education and was in the process of achieving his goals, but was hampered because of outrage or what is happening in the present.

Sexual Violence and Substance Use among First-Year University Women: Differences by Sexual Minority Status

Sexual violence and substance use are important public health problems among university students. The present study examined rates of sexual violence victimization, perpetration, and substance use among first-year university women. Participants (n = 974) attending 14 universities across the United States completed an online confidential survey at the beginning and again later in their first year. The sample included women who identified as heterosexual, bisexual, lesbian, and asexual or questioning. The mean age was 19.1 years and 71.4% were White. Rates of victimization involving sexual harassment and sexual acts without consent were higher among sexual minority women relative to heterosexual women, with bisexual women being most likely to report these outcomes. Compared to heterosexual women, sexual minority women reported more frequent cigarette smoking, marijuana use and intoxication, use of club drugs, and overall illicit drug use. Across sexual violence and substance use outcomes, bisexual women reported the highest rates. Sexual minority women reported more accurate beliefs about sexual violence and consent relative to heterosexual women. Over the course of the first year, bisexual women and those who used illicit substances were more likely to report new incidents of sexual violence victimization. Implications for prevention of sexual violence among women, including sexual minorities, are discussed.

Social Interaction and Coping Models of Child Sexual Violence in Ponorogo

There has been an increase in cases of sexual violence against children in the Ponorogo Regency, some of which have been made public through social media. Due to the courage of both those who commit sexual violence and the victims, this issue makes for an exciting area of research using the interaction theory, the social factor theory, and the coping theory. This study aimed to analyze the interactions of social factors and parents' coping models of the victims and perpetrators of sexual violence. It employed a qualitative approach through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings revealed that all victims and perpetrators of sexual violence have an honest relationship with their parents. As a result, this act of sexual violence occurs due to factors in the victim's personality being close to their parents. The social factors of victims, parents, and perpetrators related to education are diverse. This crime occurs at all levels of education because, as Muzaham argues, family education is an essential element of character development that has not been implemented. The fact that all victims and perpetrators are from Java indicates a cultural shift in Javanese society due to social changes. While the concept of family is good, it falls short in building character. Focused coping is the primary mode of coping in the model. Some parents use emotional coping in the beginning, but they eventually switch to a more focused approach

Comparative Law Study: Sentencing of Sexual Violence Perpetrators Who have Deviant Sexual Behavior

The purpose of this paper is to find the ideal form of punishment for perpetrators of sexual violence who suffer from deviant sexual behavior. The method in this study is a normative legal research type, where activities are carried out by researching and analyzing the forms of sanctions and punishments regulated in positive law, in addition to conducting a comparative study of the provisions in positive law in Indonesia in the perspective of the types of sanctions against perpetrators of sexual violence crimes. who suffer from deviant sexual behavior. The results show that the ideal form of sanctions imposed on perpetrators of sexual violence who suffer from deviant sexual behavior should not only focus on imprisonment, however, it must be accompanied by other treatments or actions to treat the deviations in sexual behavior he suffers as mandated in the Sexual Violence Criminal Act, which is to combine imprisonment and special rehabilitation to cure his sexual behavior deviations. With the imposition of imprisonment alone, it will not be able to treat the main factor that triggers sexual violence crimes committed by perpetrators who suffer from deviant sexual behavior, so that rehabilitation or treatment efforts are important things that must be done so that there is no repeated or recidive crime.

PENGENDALIAN PREVENTIF KOMISI PERLINDUNGAN DAN PENGAWASAN ANAK DAERAH DI PONTIANAK MENGATASI KEKERASAN SEKSUAL REMAJA

The purpose of this study was to determine preventive social control and the implementation of preventive social control by the Regional Commission for Child Protection and Protection of West Kalimantan Province in Pontianak in dealing with sexual violence against adolescents. This research uses descriptive method with qualitative research form. The data sources of this research are the Commissioner for the Supervision and Protection of Regional Children, youth victims of sexual violence and youth perpetrators of violence. Data collection tools in this study used observation guides, interview guides, and documentation studies. The results of this study are (1). Social control through preventive actions carried out by the Regional Child Protection and Supervision Commission of West Kalimantan Province in the form of advice, guidance, and socialization so that adolescents have good behavior and carry out good social life processes in accordance with the norms and rules prevailing in society. (2). The implementation of preventive social control from the Regional Child Protection and Supervision Commission of West Kalimantan Province in overcoming sexual violence against adolescents is carried out in collaboration with other parties such as schools, universities, Islamic boarding schools and the general public in order to gain insight into adolescents and the community about sexual violence and the steps that must be taken. taken if you become a victim or know when an act of sexual violence has occurred.