Child Sexual Violence Research Articles

Sexual Offences on Children—Principles of Child Jurisprudence and NCPCR

The issue of child sexual violence violates each one of us and our sensibilities. Its prevalence in its myriad forms interrogates us, both at a personal level and at a societal level. It questions existing social norms and values, our ethical and moral fiber, and state (in)action. It pushes us out of our comfort zone, to experience a fugue of emotions of helplessness, indignation, sense of urgency or wanting to act. What it does to children is unfathomable! It compels one to reckon with what the child is at the present, her “being” and dignity and take cognizance of her “becoming” a person with agency and confidence in future. Justice for children cannot be dealt with in a fragmented manner but is seen in totality of her life from being a child to becoming an adult.

Prevention of sexual violence in children through digital parenting

Prevention of sexual violence in children through digital parenting

Childhood and Adult Sexual Violence Exposures as Predictors of PTSD, Dissociation, and Substance Use in Women in Jail

ABSTRACT Women involved in the criminal legal system report high rates of interpersonal violence, particularly sexual violence, and mental health problems. Although existing research has linked experiences of interpersonal violence to multiple negative mental health outcomes, few researchers have examined concurrent psychopathology as an outcome of child and adult sexual violence in system-involved women. The purpose of this study was to examine child sexual abuse (CSA) and adult sexual violence, while controlling for other forms of interpersonal violence, as predictors of current symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PSTD), substance use disorder (SUD), and dissociation in women in jail in the Mountain West. Randomly selected participants (N = 146) completed clinician-administered measures of trauma histories and mental health symptoms. The majority of the women (73%) reported experiences of CSA and about half reported experiences of adult sexual violence. Over half of the women reported symptoms consistent with current probable PTSD, about 20% reported dissociation symptoms in a clinical range, and over 70% met criteria for a SUD in the past year. The proposed model was tested with path analysis. CSA significantly predicted current symptoms of PTSD while adult sexual violence exposure predicted symptoms of SUD and dissociation. These results illustrate the high rates of sexual violence exposure as well as the complexity of mental health needs associated with these exposures in system-involved women. Findings highlight the need to comprehensively assess incarcerated women’s trauma exposure and psychological distress to better meet the needs of this population.

Implementation of Educational Media With Role Play Towards Improving Mother Skills As An Effort To Prevent Sexual Violence In Pre-School-Age Children

Background: Sexual violence against children is a form of sexual deviation that is very life-threatening, especially because it has a destructive and psychological impact. Meanwhile, in Probolinggo Regency, there are 35 cases of sexual violence against children. The study aims to enhance the effectiveness of educational media in enhancing mothers' abilities to prevent sexual violence in preschool children. The study employs a role-playing game as its educational medium. Methods: The main goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of teaching mothers skills in preventing sexual assault with preschoolers through role-playing. This study has a quasi-experimental design. Seventy-six respondents were included in the purposive sampling, of whom 38 were assigned to the intervention group and 38 to the control group. Data were gathered using a questionnaire about the characteristics of the respondents and an observation sheet on "Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Practices." The Wilcoxon test was employed for data analysis Results: The results showed the effectiveness of education with the role-play method on maternal skills to prevent sexual violence against children with a P-value of 0.005. Conclusion: Educational media with the role-play method can be applied to improve maternal skills and prevent sexual violence in preschool-age children. Families, nursing professions, educational institutions, and subsequent research are expected to participate in efforts to prevent sexual violence in children

THE ROLE OF THE REGIONAL TECHNICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN (UPTD PPA) IN HANDLING CASES OF SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN THE CITY OF SUKABUMI

Sexual violence is any activity that consists of sexual activity carried out by adults to children and by children to other children. This research focuses on the role of the Regional Technical Implementation Unit for the Protection of Women and Children (UPTD PPA) and what are the supporting factors as well as obstacles in handling cases of sexual violence against children in Sukabumi City. This research has several problems, including that Sukabumi City does not yet have a safe house for victims of sexual violence and there are still increasing cases of child sexual violence, while Sukabumi City won the title of Child Worthy City (KLA) at the Intermediate level in 2016-2019 and rose to the Nidya level in 2021. The theory used to find out how the role of UPTD PPA in handling cases of child sexual violence is the role dimension of Arimbi et al (2003: 45). The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection using observation, interviews, documents, audio and visual materials. The results of this study show that the role of the UPTD PPA in handling the case has been running in accordance with laws and regulations, but it is still not optimal. When viewed from one of the 6 service strategies that have not yet run, namely in temporary shelter. Then the infrastructure is incomplete and there is still a lack of human resources (HR) at the UPTD PPA.

Implementing a sexual violence prevention program in two Canadian Indigenous communities: Challenges and lessons learned

BackgroundThe prevalence of child sexual violence remains overwhelming, particularly among Indigenous populations, despite increased awareness. Therefore, implementing efficient initiatives is crucial in preventing and reducing sexual violence rates among these groups. ObjectiveThis study aimed to examine the processes involved in the implementation of a sexual violence prevention program in two Indigenous communities in Canada and assess application of culturally safe practices. MethodEight Indigenous and non-Indigenous project managers underwent semi-structured interviews before the program's implementation; five of them also participated in the follow-up interviews. Moreover, thirteen Indigenous service providers from the two communities answered open-ended questions when the included training ended. ResultsThematic analysis revealed the importance of following an ongoing process (not only before implementing a program) to assess the needs of community members and involving them in decision-making. Administrative injunctions were also identified as a significant challenge during implementation. Results showed that participants reported the taboo of sexual violence as a challenge but that constant discussions about the prevention of sexual violence helped defuse the discomfort and foster trust between Indigenous and non-Indigenous professionals. Finally, participants provided recommendations to improve research and intervention practices. ConclusionsSeveral takeaways were discussed to improve research practices with, by, and for Indigenous peoples, such as using collaborative communication, developing common understanding relative to work agendas, and increasing cultural competencies to build trust within the partnership.

Factors Affecting Parents' Knowledge Level In Providing Early Childhood Sexual Education

Introduction: In 2017, Indonesia were the most victims of sexual violence in children who were attending kindergarten or elementary school (1,443 children), while in Cirebon Regency there was an increase in the incidence of child sexual violence in 2018 and 2019. The aim : to find out what factors affect the level of knowledge parents in providing early childhood sexual education. Method :Using cross sectional technique, the population is all parents and students who are actively attending school as many as 43 respondents, using total sampling technique. Data analysis used frequency distribution and Chi Square test. Result : The last education of the majority of respondents was secondary as much as 22 (51.2%). The majority of respondents do not work as much as 23 (53.5%). The majority of respondents were exposed to information as much as 31 (72.1%). The knowledge of the majority of respondents is good as much as 35 (81.4%). For bivariate analysis of statistical test results with Chi Square test between the latest education, occupation, and information exposure with the level of knowledge of parents obtained p-values ​​of 0.026, 0.014. and 0.004 (<0.05). Conclusion: There is a close relationship between recent education, employment, and information exposure with parental knowledge in providing early childhood sexual education.

Family-Based Model of Children's Sexual Abuse and Violence Prevention Using Maternal Responsiveness Method at Jember Regency

The high rate of sexual violence against children means that children in Indonesia are at risk of becoming victims of child sexual abuse and violence. The growth and development of children is related to the condition of the family including their parents, their father and mother. One of the many health outcomes associated with maternal responsiveness is cognitive and psychosocial effects where maternal responsiveness greatly influences child development. This study to develop a community-based model for the prevention of child sexual abuse and violence with the maternal responsiveness method in realizing a healthy Jember Regency. This study used an observational analytic research design with a cross-sectional study method. The population in this study were people in Rambipuji District with families who had children who were victims of sexual violence. The sample size was calculated based on the rule of the thumb formula in SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) resulting in 118 respondents. The sample was determined by using multistage random sampling technique with the sampling stage from sub-districts to clusters or RTs. Data analysis used univariate analysis and multivariate analysis used logistic regression test. Maternal factors in the good category had an effect on responsiveness by 26,750 times compared to the factors of the bad category. Based on the results of the study, the results showed that children's factors consisting of children's health status, children's gross motor system, children's fine motor systems, children's socialization in language had an effect on preventing children from sexual violence, namely children. mentally healthy and socially healthy. The majority of respondents are 26-45 years old, highly educated, work, and Javanese. The results of multivariate analysis using logistic regression, show that there is an influence between maternal factors responsiveness and there is an influence between child factors and the avoidance of children from sexual violence.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Hak-Hak Korban Kejahatan Seksual Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 Tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual

From January to July 2020 cases of violence against adult women increased from 3020 people to 3059 victims, even sexual violence in children increased to 2556. The purpose of this study was to find out the state responsibility of the rights of victims of crime; The application of law to victims of sexual crimes and obstacles and challenges in the application of the rights of victims of sexual crimes. This research is a normative juridical legal research, namely research conducted based on secondary data. The nature of this research is descriptive analysis. The data used in this study are secondary data, namely data obtained from literature research in the form of legal materials. Data collection techniques are literature and field. The results showed that the Criminal Act of Sexual Violence could provide legal protection for victims and be able to restore the rights of the Sikorban by providing legal treatment, recovery and protection.

Childhood Physical and Sexual Violences as Potential Factors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Meta-Analysis

Background: WHO states that as many as 300 million children have experienced physical punishment or psychological violence. These traumatic events can cause Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) which has an impact on the lives of victims of physical and sexual violence. The purpose of this study was to analyze and estimate the average influence of physical and sexual violence in childhood on the incidence of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) using a meta-analysis study.Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis with the selection of PRISMA flow diagrams. Population= adults aged >18 years. Intervention= experience of physical and sexual violence as children. Comparison= no experience of physical and sexual violence as children. Outcome= PTSD. Article searches through journal databases include: Pubmed, Google Schoolar, Science Direct, Researchgate and Springerlink. The articles used in this study are articles that have been published from 2000-2022. The keywords used in the database are “Child Physical Abuse”[tw] OR “Childhood Physical Abuse”[tw] OR “Child Maltreatment”[tw] OR “Physical Violence”[tw] OR "Physical Abuse"[Mesh] OR " Child Abuse"[Mesh] AND “Sexual Abuse”[tw] OR “Child Sexual Molestation”[tw] OR "Child Abuse, Sexual"[Mesh] OR "Sexual Trauma"[Mesh] AND “Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder*” [tw] OR “Posttraumatic Stress Disorder*” OR “Post-Traumatic Neuroses”[tw] OR “Post-traumatic Neuroses”[tw] OR “PTSD”[tw] OR "Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic"[Mesh]. Inclusion criteria included full-text articles with a cross-sectional study design. The analysis used multivariate logistic regression with adjusted Odds Ratio and published in English. Articles that met the requirements were analyzed using the Revman 5.4 application.Results: Meta-analysis of 10 articles showing for childhood physical abuse (aOR=1.87; 95% CI=1.47 to 2.37; p<0.001) and childhood sexual violence (aOR=2.67; 95% CI=2.02 up to 3.52; p<0.001).Conclusion: Experience of physical and sexual violence in childhood increases the risk of developing Post Traumatic Stress Disorder as an adult. Keywords: Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, physical violence, sexual violence, meta-analysis Correspondence: Fadila Alfiasari. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Email: alfiasari3108@gmil.com. Mobile: +6285235358882.

Sexual Risk Behavior of Children and Adolescents With a History of Sexual Violence

Abstract: Theoretical Background: Experiencing sexual violence (SV) at a young age can impede sexual development and lead to sexual risk behavior. Objective: This meta-analysis aims to provide a systematic overview regarding the development of sexual risk behavior in sexually violated children and adolescents. Method: A systematic literature search was carried out (PubMed, ERIC, Cochrane, and PubPsych). Meta-analyses were conducted, investigating the link between child SV and sexual behaviors (teenage pregnancy, safer sex, substance use during intercourse, transactional sex, and number of sex partners). Results: A total of 19 studies were identified. Survivors of SV are more likely to have higher numbers of sex partners, be involved in teenage pregnancy, and participate in transactional sex. Discussion: Early identification of sexually violated youth is important in order to intervene at an early stage and reduce the effects of sexual violence preventively. PROSPERO registration number CRD42020145139.

Legal Protection for Child Victims of Sexual Assault in a Restorative Justice Perspective

Sexual violence against child is a global problem today. Although international instruments have been ratified, they do not guarantee the realization of the rights of child victims. One reason is that not all countries’ legal systems support victims. The principles of redress for victims of child sexual violence are set out in the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Convention recognizes the principle of non-discrimination, the best interests of the child, child survival and development, and values Child opinions. The problem you encountered is related to 1) your security system. 2). Reintegration, psychosocial support, treatment and recovery, protection and support in court proceedings. A model of restorative justice that protects the rights of victims of child sexual violence can use the victim-offender mediation model. This model provides an opportunity for communities to come together and find solutions together when offenders are willing to admit their mistakes and take responsibility according to the needs of the victim’s child. The implications of this research are hoped to make a real contribution to the nation by providing better protection for children who are victims of sexual violence and reducing the trauma they experience.

Influence of Reproduction Media and Animation Videos on Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Reproduction and Sexuality in Elementary School Students

Background: Sexual violence in children occupies the highest position, 50% -62%. The Indonesian Child Protection Commission (KPAI) released that in early 2018, there was 117 sexual violence against children, while in 2017, there were 393 cases in Schools plays an important role in increasing students' knowledge and sexual education. So far, sex education has been implemented only with the introduction of reproductive organs, forms of violation, danger and impact. Furthermore, the children try to find other knowledge to satisfy their curiosity. Purpose: To determine the effect of media flipcharts and video animation on knowledge and attitudes about reproduction and sexuality in elementary school students. Method: Experimental research with one group pretest-posttest design in which the design consisted of one group then observed (pretest), after which intervention was given in the form of counselling using flipchart media and animated video and then observed again (posttest). Result: difference test in two measurements paired-samples T-Test which showed the average of students' knowledge before giving information about reproduction and sexuality using flipchart media and animated videos on students, which was an average of 7.72 and the average after a given intervention to 10.64. While the attitude of students before being given information about reproduction and sexuality by using the media flipchart and animated video is an average of 32.96, and after being given an intervention, the average becomes 35.34. Conclusions: It was concluded that the media of flipcharts and animated videos influence knowledge and attitudes about reproduction and sexuality in elementary school students. Thus, the school is advised to provide reproductive and sexual education by applicable norms and can use flipcharts and animated videos.

Wacana Perempuan Dalam Teks Berita Kasus Kekerasan Seksual Anak di Portal Berita Grid.Id Periode Agustus 2020

Sexual violence cases is one of never ending cases that happens every year. Generally the victim of violence cases are woman. As a news portal that have characteristic with a point of view of woman, Grid.ID is interesting to be explored deeper about how Grid.ID will discuss about woman in a child sexual violence. Method that used by researchers in this research is Sara Mills discourse analysis that sees how position of the subjects and the writer-reader. Researcher takes the news that becomes research corpus for further analysis. The analysis results shows that in news text discourse about child sexual violence, woman is in a position as an object. Woman characteristic described as the flow of patriarchal discourse, which is considered as passive, weak, and dependent on men. While when telling the male perpetrators in cases of sexual violence against children in Grid.ID, there are still some words that defense to the perpetrators.
 Keywords: Sara Mills Discourse

Analisis Hukum terhadap Hukuman Kebiri Bagi pelaku Kekerasan Seksual Terhadap Anak Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 70 tahun 2020

Chemical castraction is done by injecting a person’s body containing chemical compuds in the form of anti-androgens so that production of the hormone testosterone decreases, so that sexual desire decreases. In the medical world, the hormone testosterone is a hormone that is very functional for male sexuality, if these chemical compounds enter the male vital organs, the compunds block the braind grlands so that no longer produce testosterone, and can reduce libido. The perpetrator of the first castraction sentence in Indonesia is Muhammad Aris he is 20 years old and has raped nine minors. Aris was sentenced to imprisonment for 12 years on May 2, 2019. With this incident, researchers are interested in citing the Legal Analysis of Sentce of Castraction for Perpetrators of Violence Againts Children Based on Government Regulation No. 70 of 2020. Formulation of the problem How to apply caism or castraction punishment in Indonesia in acts of violence Criminal acts of Violence Againts Children based on PP/70/2020 related to Chemical Castraction Methods, Placement of Electronic Detection Devices, Healing and Identity Development of Sexual Perpetrators against children? The Perspective of Human Rights (HAM) in the law of castraction against predators of child sexual violence based on PP/70/2020 regarding Methods of Implementing Chemical Castraction, Placement of Electronic Detection Devices, Healing, and Announcement of the Identity of Perpessstrators of Violence against children. The theory used in this paper is the theory of legal protection of legal legal protection. Research conducted by Library Research, using the inductive deductive method, the concludions drawn are correct. Based on the research conducted, it is known that chemical castration is by injecting it into the human body to reduce or even lose lust. These actions certainly violate human nature and make the perpetrators actually become termonted. The validity of the sentence is considered to have no humanity because it has violated the perpetrator. Legal expert, helath expert, and human rights activist support the law because sexual.

Effectiveness of Reproductive Health Education Through Video Learning Multimedia on Changes in Attitudes About Prevention of Student Sexual Harassment

Although not included in the list of countries with the highest rates of sexual violence in the world, Indonesia has recorded a setback in terms of child protection. The National Commission for Child Protection noted that in 2015 there were 218 cases of child sexual violence. Meanwhile, in 2016, the KPAI recorded 120 cases of sexual violence against children. Then in 2017, there were 116 cases recorded. Adolescent age groups, some of which are legally categorized as children, are vulnerable to becoming victims of sexual violence because children are always positioned as weak or considered to have limited ability to protect themselves. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of reproductive health education through VLM on changes in early adolescent attitudes in order to prevent sexual harassment. The research was conducted at the Nurul Fikri Integrated Islamic Elementary School, Makassar City. Using a quantitative research method with a quasi-experimental approach to 50 SDIT Nurul Fikri students. The results showed that there was no difference in the effectiveness of changing attitudes. This is because a short time in imparting education to students (i) is not enough to instantly change one's attitude. This research suggests the need for proper education regarding sexuality according to age stages through counseling or interesting media from the school and is sustainable.

Hip-hop's Early Introduction to Sex: Queer Readings of Black Male “Rape” in Popular Culture

Abstract In the first two decades of the twenty-first century, there were several stories in the popular media about Black men's and boys’ experiences of childhood sexual violence. Though this media attention is noteworthy given the stereotypes of Black men as hypermasculine and hypersexual that have positioned Black men as beyond the pale of public sympathy, stories of Black male sexual victimization can also traffic in narratives of deviance. This article examines media representation of the childhood sexual experiences of national recording artists Chris Brown and Lil Wayne to show how deterministic narratives of sexual deviance and sexual victimization circumscribe Black men's sexual stories and proposes a way of reading these stories beyond those narrative constraints.

Interactive book: An Alternative tool for educating sexual abuse prevention in early childhood

In early childhood (0-6 years), lack of understanding of sexual organs, ease of manipulation along with the lower age of the child are strong risk factors for Child Sexual Abuse (CSA) in early childhood. Meanwhile, the eastern culture adopted in Indonesia tends to still regard the giving of its information as something taboo. Till now, there is no media for educating children about CSA prevention that can help parents in the process. So, this study aims to develop an interactive book as an educational tool for CSA prevention in early childhood so that adults, especially parents, feel more comfortable in providing understanding to children about CSA prevention. The method used is mixed methods on seven experts of psychology and early childhood education. Qualitative Descriptive Analysis was used to see the important improvement points in the development of interactive books. Meanwhile, quantitative analysis is used to see the feasibility of interactive books based on the expert's assessment which will be processed with Aiken’s v. The qualitative results show that the selection of themes, colors, words, illustrations, and sizes are important factors in the feasibility of books and improvement points in interactive books. Quantitatively, interactive books are considered worthy of being a tool for the prevention of CSA in early childhood with an Aiken’s v coefficient ranging from 0.75-0.93 for each sub-theme, which means worthy as a CSA prevention tool. The existence of an interactive self-protection book is expected to be a choice of educational media as well as an assessment for parents, teachers, or health workers in identifying cases of child sexual violence in their environment more comfortably without appearing rigid cause of taboo in eastern culture.

The prevalence of childhood sexual experiences and intimate partner violence among transgender women in China: Risk factors for lifetime suicidal ideation.

Several studies highlighted childhood sexual experiences (CSEs) and intimate partner violence (IPV) as risk factors that affected lifetime suicidal ideation. TW had higher rates of CSEs and IPV than cisgender people. The aim of this study was to comprehensively assess the prevalence of CSEs and IPV among TW and their association with lifetime suicidal ideation. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 247 TW in Shenyang and Kunming, China, from April to September 2018. CSEs, IPV, and lifetime suicidal ideation were assessed. Logistic regression models were used to examine the association between self-reported CSEs under 18 years of age, IPV in adulthood, and lifetime suicidal ideation. In the study, 14.2% (35/247) of the sample participants reported CSEs under 18 years of age; 44.9% (111/247) reported experiencing IPV in adulthood, including 18.6% (44/247) of physical IPV, 27.1% (67/247) of trans-specific identity IPV, 31.6% (78/247) of verbal IPV, and 19.4% (48/247) of sexual IPV; and 26.3% (65/247) had thought about attempting suicide at least one time. CSEs and any form of IPV were significantly associated with suicidal ideation in this sample population. A final stepwise multivariate logistic regression model found that both physical and verbal IPVs were significantly associated with suicidal ideation when controlling for other factors (ORm1 = 2.58, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.163-5.724; ORm2 = 2.72, 95% CI = 1.334-5.547). The findings highlight the effects of CSEs and IPV among TW and suggest the need for research on suicide in the future. Suicide prevention efforts for this invisible and vulnerable population should focus on those with physical and verbal IPV.

Sexual Violence against LGBT People in Portugal: Experiences of Portuguese Victims of Domestic Violence

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and trans (LGBT) people are more likely to be exposed to domestic violence when compared with others. Using a qualitative methodology, 16 LGBT people were interviewed to analyze their experiences as victims of sexual violence by family members and/or partners or former partners. Through a thematic content analysis, three main themes emerge regarding sexual violence: (i) dynamics of sexual violence; (ii) traumatic memories and dissociation episodes from sexual violence, and (iii) risk factors for the occurrence of sexual violence. The results show that participants have suffered sexual violence in childhood, adulthood, or both, with trans people being the most victimized. Coercion, manipulation, threats, and deprivation were the most common strategies used to restrict victims and prevent them from reporting the crime. Many participants report blocking their traumatic memories, as a coping mechanism related to the sexual violence suffered. Offender substance abuse, early age of victims at the time of their sexual victimization, and depressive symptoms were reported to increase the likelihood of an episode of sexual violence. It is necessary to assure specialized training among the professionals that work with LGBT victims of sexual violence within domestic contexts, considering the severe impacts they may face.