The article examines the provisions of the current regulatory legislation. It is noted that currently the issue of sexual sterilization of a person is regulated by Part 5 of Art. 281 of the Civil Code of Ukraine, Art. 49 of the Fundamentals of the Legislation of Ukraine on Health Care and the Unified Clinical Protocol of Primary, Secondary (Specialized), Tertiary (Highly Specialized) Medical Care "Family Planning", approved by the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 59 of 21.01.2014.
 The criminal legislation was analyzed from the point of view of compliance with the international legal obligations that Ukraine undertook by ratifying the Council of Europe Convention on the prevention of violence against women and domestic violence and the fight against these phenomena, in terms of the protection of human reproductive rights, and the quality of the implemented it implementation was analyzed. The author concludes that the current edition of Part 4 of Art. 134 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine cannot be recognized as a successful manifestation of the implementation of Ukraine's international legal obligations.
 It was determined that signs of illegal sterilization should be recognized as such surgical intervention, which is the absence of informed consent of the patient (s), the absence of voluntary consent of the patient (s), the use of illegal methods, surgical intervention in the presence of contraindications or the improper place or improper subject.
 It was established that the Criminal Code of Ukraine, even before the adoption of the Law of Ukraine "On Amendments to the Criminal and Criminal Procedure Codes of Ukraine for Implementation of the Provisions Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence" (December 6, 2017 No. 2227-VIII) established criminal liability for illegal sterilization, and the introduction of the amendments created several problematic questions for the qualification of the actions of guilty persons who act in complicity, because it did not properly take into account either the provisions of the Istanbul Convention itself, or the norms of Ukrainian regulatory and criminal legislation.
 Key words: reproductive rights, Istanbul Convention, human sterilization, illegal sterilization, forced sterilization, criminal liability.