Prevalence Of Sexual Harassment Research Articles

Sexual Harassment Among Chinese Psychiatrists and Its Impact on Quality of Life: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Sexual harassment (SH) is a prevalent issue in various professional fields worldwide. The current study aims to investigate the incidence of SH targeting psychiatrists in China and explore its impact on quality of life (QOL). A consecutive recruitment of 1093 psychiatrists was conducted from 6 hospitals in China. The recorded data included participants' socio-demographic characteristics, experiences of workplace SH within the previous year, and their QOL. SH comprised verbal harassment, physical harassment, and displaying of sexual organs. The Chinese version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version (WHOQOL-BREF) was employed to assess QOL. We compared the demographic characteristics and QOL between the SH group and the non-SH group. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent demographic correlates of SH. In total, 13.8% (n = 151) of the psychiatrists reported SH, with 5.8% reporting it once, 4.4% reporting it twice, and 3.6% reporting it three times or more. Psychiatrists who had encountered SH exhibited lower QOL across social, psychological, physical, and environmental domains. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that young physicians and those with shorter work experience had a higher likelihood of experiencing SH. The high prevalence of SH among Chinese psychiatrists is of concern. Given its detrimental effects on the well-being of physicians and the quality of medical care they provide, it is crucial to develop specialized employee training programs for this population to effectively manage workplace SH.

The Prevalence of Sexual Harassment and Bullying Among Norwegian Afghanistan Veterans: Does Workplace Harassment Disproportionately Impact the Mental Health and Life Satisfaction of Female Soldiers?

Experiencing sexual harassment and bullying during military service can lead to negative consequences for a soldier's mental health and life satisfaction, including increased risk of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress. No studies have to date investigated the prevalence and correlates of sexual harassment and bullying among Norwegian Afghanistan veterans, despite the increased global focus on these topics. In 2020, 6,205 Norwegian Afghanistan veterans (8.3% women) completed an online post-deployment survey, including questions about experiences of sexual harassment, bullying, mental health, and life satisfaction. Compared to their male counterparts, female veterans experienced significantly more sexual harassment and bullying during Afghanistan deployment (3.2% vs. 0.04% for experiencing sexual harassment, and 4.0% vs. 1.0% for bullying) and during other military services (14.3% vs. 0.4% for sexual harassment, and 15.9% vs. 3.7% for bullying). Sexual harassment was associated with younger age and experiencing childhood sexual harassment for both women and men, with men also having longer deployments. Bullying was associated with longer deployments and childhood sexual harassment for women, while men who reported bullying more often had longer deployments, held an officer rank, were less inclined to have a spouse/intimate partner, and reported childhood sexual harassment and bullying. Both sexual harassment and bullying were associated with increased risk of mental health problems and reduced life satisfaction for women, but this was only true for bullying among men. Despite lower reported rates of workplace harassment compared to studies from other cultures, this study demonstrates that sexual harassment and bullying in the military can negatively impact soldiers' mental health and life satisfaction. Notably, female veterans' mental health and life satisfaction appear to be particularly affected by sexual harassment during military service, an association not seen in males. This underscores the need for gender-specific, cultural, and context-sensitive prevention and support for workplace harassment experiences.

Decoding violence against women: analysing harassment in middle eastern literature with machine learning and sentiment analysis

The rising prevalence of harassment in Middle Eastern countries is mirrored in literary works from the region. However, extracting data from these texts to understand the typology and frequency of the cases poses a significant challenge due to human cognitive limitations and potential biases. Thus, this study aims to use natural language processing (NLP) approaches to propose a machine learning framework for text mining of sexual harassment content in literary texts. The data source for this study consists of twelve Middle Eastern novels. The proposed framework involves the classification of physical and non-physical types of sexual harassment using a machine-learning model. Lexicon-based sentiment and emotion detection are applied to sentences containing instances of sexual harassment for data labelling and analysis. Finally, a long short-term memory-gated recurrent unit (LSTM-GRU) deep learning model is built to classify the sentiment characteristics that induce sexual harassment. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 75.8% while outperforming five other algorithms. Additionally, a sentiment classification with three labels—negative, positive, and neutral—was developed using an LSTM-GRU RNN deep learning model. The accuracy of this model was 84.5%. Most statements, even those involving physical sexual harassment, which had greater levels of sexual harassment, had negative sentiments, according to lexicon-based sentiment analysis. This study contributes to the field of text mining by providing a novel approach to identifying instances of sexual harassment in literature in English from the Middle East. The use of machine learning models and sentiment analysis techniques allows for more accurate identification and classification of different types of sexual harassment. Furthermore, this study sheds light on the prevalence of sexual harassment in Middle Eastern countries and highlights the need for further research and action to address this issue.

Trends in Sexual Harassment Prevalence and Recognition During Intern Year

This cohort study uses Internal Health Study and Sexual Experiences Questionnaire data to assess changes in sexual harassment prevalence and recognition among training physicians.

Development and validation of the nurses sexual harassment scale in Iran

IntroductionIn recent years, the prevalence of sexual harassment has become a global problem, and nursing, like other professions, has not been immune to this issue. By having a valid and reliable instrument, healthcare personnel can be helped in preventing and managing this problem and reduce its negative consequences on mental health and well-being. The aim of this study was developing and psychometrically measuring the Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale.Materials and methodsThis study is the second phase of a mixed method study. Initially in the first phase, a qualitative approach with conventional content analysis was used to explain nurses’ experiences of sexual harassment in the workplace. To design the Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale, qualitative data and literature were reviewed. In the quantitative phase (second phase), the target scale was psychometrically evaluated using content validity (14 experts), face validity (12 nurses with being sexually harassed), construct validity (316 nurses working in hospitals affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences), and reliability (internal consistency and repeatability).ResultsA 15-item scale with two components: “latent sexual harassment” (9 items) and “manifest sexual harassment” (6 items), which explained 68.4% of the total variance was developed. Also, due to the strong correlation between the Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (r = 0.67), convergent validity was confirmed. Also, the scale of the present study had good reliability (Cronbach’s alpha coefficient = 0.94, Omega coefficient = 0.94, and ICC = 0.92).ConclusionGiven the importance of sexual harassment among nurses, measuring the dimensions of this problem may allow professionals to plan interventions to prevent it. Overall, the results of the present study showed that the psychometric properties of the " Nurses Sexual Harassment Scale” with 15 items are acceptable and this scale can be used in the clinical environment. A further study within the nursing community is recommended to confirm the findings.

Legal Protection Of Women From Harassment And Rape

Crime in Indonesia is on the rise, causing numerous victims in society, with women being particularly affected. Women, in general, are victims of various crimes, including acts of violence and sexual harassment, which is an unfortunately familiar occurrence with cases reported almost every year. Despite the prevalence of sexual harassment, Indonesian law lacks comprehensive legal consequences for perpetrators and adequate protection for victims. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the legal protection available for victims. Employing normative legal research methods within the doctrinal research typology, the study utilizes both statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings underscore the urgency of enacting criminal laws specifically addressing sexual violence cases due to their widespread occurrence in Indonesia. Developing laws that offer protection to victims and effectively address sexual violence cases is crucial for ensuring justice and safeguarding the rights of those affected.

Gender differences in graduate student views on the professional climate in economics

AbstractThis research examines graduate student's views on the professional climate in economics using a comprehensive survey of students enrolled in economics Ph.D. programs in the United States. Topics discussed include stress and work/life balance, disciplinary climate in the profession, departmental climate, and the prevalence of sexual harassment. We find significant gender differences in views on all four topics—particularly in views on departmental climate and disciplinary climate in the profession. We analyze the results based on gender, rank of the institution, public versus private institutional status, and representation of women faculty in departments.

Prevalence of Sexual Harassment among Adolescents in the Banten Province

Prevention and elimination of sexual harassment against teenagers is the Sustainable Development Goals agenda. Sexual harassment in adolescents occurs between peers. Based on studies that have been conducted, there is still little research on the prevalence of sexual harassment between peers in adolescents. This study aims to examine the prevalence of peer sexual harassment in adolescents. This research uses a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional survey approach. The sample was determined using convenience sampling techniques. The sample involved was 60 teenage high school students. The results of the research were that students had been victims, perpetrators, and witnesses of sexual harassment. As victims, the sexual harassment that many students experience is in the form of touching someone's private body. Meanwhile, as perpetrators, students most often commit sexual harassment in the form of touching other people's private organs without consent. Meanwhile, as witnesses, students often see sexual harassment in the form of hearing other people referred to as gays, sissies, lesbians, and the like.

The role of gender composition in workplace sexual harassment

Abstract Background Workplace sexual harassment is associated with adverse mental health consequences and research suggests that gender minority status may be a risk factor. We analysed the prevalence of workplace sexual harassment in male and female-dominated-occupations to elucidate the role of gender minority status. Methods We analysed data from a survey (n = 9,012) on sexual harassment from a random sample representative of the Danish workforce. We measured sexual harassment by 21 items covering three domains: (1) unwanted sexual attention, (2) gender harassment and (3) sexual coercion. We focused on sexual harassment conducted by other employees at the workplace. We categorized the gender-ratio for male- or female-dominated occupations into: low (under 25%), medium (25% - 75%), and high (more than 75%). Results We found an increased risk of sexual harassment in both male and female dominated occupations. Women in male dominated occupations had higher risk, with prevalences of 25.3% (95%CI 19.5; 31.1) for high, 21.8% (95%CI 19.1; 24.3) for medium, and 10.4% (95%CI: 8.1; 12.8) for low proportion of men. We found similar patterns across all three domains of harassing behaviours. For men, the pattern in relation to female-dominated occupations was slightly different. We found that men had the lowest risk of sexual harassment in gender-balanced occupations. The prevalence for men in occupations with medium proportion of women was 14.0% (95%CI: 11.9; 16.1), whereas the prevalence for men in occupations with high proportion of women was 21.1% (95%CI: 13.3; 28.8), and it was 16.1% (95%CI: 12.7; 19.5) in occupations with low proportion of women. We saw similar patterns in all domains except gender harassment. Conclusions Both men and women were most likely to report sexual harassment in occupations where they were a gender minority. The results highlight the role of gender composition in workplace sexual harassment and calls for further attention on prevention in high risk groups. Key messages • Both men and women reported more often sexual harassment when they were a gender minority in their occupation. • For women, prevalence of sexual harassment was lowest in occupations with a low proportion of men, whereas for men, prevalence of sexual harassment was lowest in occupations with gender-balance.

Prevalence and Impact of Workplace Sexual Harassment Experienced by Medical Sonographers.

To assess the prevalence and impact of sexual harassment among a nationwide sample of medical sonographers. A survey was distributed anonymously to a convenience sample of medical sonographers via email contacts and sonographer-specific social media pages. Data were analyzed to determine respondent demographics, the prevalence of sexual harassment in the last 2 years, the type and severity of harassment experienced, demographics of perpetrators, personal and institutional responses to such experiences, and the impact of sexual harassment on sonographer physical and mental health and job satisfaction. Of the 220 sonographers (83% female) most (45%) were between 18 and 34 years and identified as white (81%). A total of 192 (87%) reported experiencing at least 1 incident of harassment within the last 2 years. Female respondents experienced higher harassment rates (76%) compared to males (50%, P = .02). The most common forms of harassment were verbal, including suggestive or sexist jokes (69%) and offensive sexist remarks (61%). Perpetrators were predominantly male (78%) and most commonly patients (89%) or their friends/family members (46%). The majority of respondents either ignored the harassing behavior (70%) or treated it like a joke (50%), with only a minority (12%) officially reporting incidents. Of those who reported, 44% were unsatisfied with their institution's response. Among respondents, 34% reported negative impacts of workplace sexual harassment, such as anxiety, depression, sleep loss, or adverse workplace consequences. Workplace sexual harassment is a common occurrence for sonographers and often leads to negative health and career outcomes. Further institutional policies to prevent harassment and mitigate its effects are needed.

The Impact of Victim Demeanor on Jurors' Perceptions of a Sexual Harassment Victim.

Despite the prevalence of sexual harassment in the workplace, little research has investigated the role of victim demeanor in perceptions of sexual harassment cases. The present study varied whether the victim cried while testifying by using drawings of the victim. Participants were presented with a civil trial summary and asked to make trial-related judgments. Overall, factors representing participants' perceptions of victim credibility and victim negative emotions were higher when the victim cried than when she did not. The factor representing victim credibility also mediated the relationship between victim demeanor and trial outcomes. Finally, cognitive networks demonstrated that victim demeanor was important to participants' decision-making. The legal implications of the findings are discussed.

Sexual Harassment as an Emerging Problem in Peruvian University Contexts

Considering the prevalence of sexual harassment, especially in university contexts, it is essential to have a validated instrument to identify these characteristics in the educational community. For this reason, this study aimed to analyze the psychometric processes of the sexual harassment scale on university campuses. Using an instrumental design and a sample of 927 students, it was found that the values of the evidence of construct validity and reliability are acceptable. The practical implications of validating the instrument that will allow the identification of sexual harassment problems to promote symmetrical coexistence between men and women are highlighted.

Sexual Harassment: Knowledge, Prevalence, Pattern, and Impacts Among Egyptian Female College Students.

Sexual harassment (SH) is an uprising problem worldwide, especially in Egypt. This study aims to determine the magnitude, patterns, and circumstances of SH among female students at Suez Canal University. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a representative female student sample (N = 644) from all the faculties using a self-administered anonymous questionnaire. The high prevalence of SH among college students in this study could be a consequence of the absence of knowledge about the legal framework. It mostly happened at all times of the day and night in the streets, and the least amount happened on the campus. Most of the harassers were younger than 20 years old and strangers. The majority of harassed females and surrounding people displayed negative reactions. None of the harassed females notified the authorities. The majority blamed men, and half claimed the SH act was due to the absence of religious principles. Moreover, the ignorance of the majority is with Egyptian law against SH. Both psychological and social impacts are significantly experienced by the harassed females. Thus, it is urgent to establish an institutional program (e.g., psycho-educative sessions during classes and peer training) or national awareness campaigns. Such programs and trainings aim to increase the awareness of students about the SH legal framework and how to deal with such acts, either as a victim or a witness, and how to provide the needed psychological assistance.

Title IX Policy Implementation and Sexual Harassment Prevalence in K-12 Schools

This study examined the prevalence of student-to-student and staff-to-student sexual harassment in K-12 schools and school district compliance with Title IX using a retrospective survey of young adults. Participants ( n = 511) were asked to describe their knowledge of policies and procedures regarding Title IX, the prevalence of sexual harassment, and the school’s observed response to harassment using a 34-item, anonymous online survey. Descriptive statistics revealed that 13.4% of participants perceived that sexual harassment at their K-12 school district was at a “moderate” or “high” level, 50.1% reported that they either knew someone who experienced sexual harassment by a school employee or experienced it themselves, and 17.4% ( n = 89) of individuals personally experienced one or more incident of staff-to-student sexual harassment. Nearly all (94%) students were unable to identify their Title IX compliance officer and 70% were unaware of how to file grievances. School districts without policies and materials that address sexual harassment had statistically significantly higher rates of harassment than school districts with policies ( p = .01) and materials ( p < .01).

Prevalence of Sexual Harassment among Female Students of Khulna University

In Bangladesh, the scenario of sexual harassment is a great problem in the academic sector as well as the prevalence is equally the same. Female students are the prominent victims of sexual harassment incidents in the educational environment. The main objectives of the study were to evaluate the nature of sexual harassment in academia as well as the impacts on female students and the consequences of the problem. The study was conducted in a qualitative research method and collected primary data with the help of a checklist of the undergraduate students of the Social Science School of Khulna University. Eight respondents and two key informants were selected purposively for the study that fulfilled the criteria of the unit of analysis. The findings of the study disclosed that females are frequent victims of gender-based sexual harassment in the academic sector. Female students constantly face verbal and non-verbal sexual harassment as well as the majority of the respondents don’t disclose or report the incidents to the authority because they cannot rely on perpetrators who will not get proper punishment for their crimes. For this, the victims suffer from various impacts on their mental and physical well-being. As a result, female students replace their career focus, skipping their educational journey and constantly feeling insecure. This research also revealed that society and culture greatly impact sexual harassment occurrences by men. The overall study found the negative impacts of sexual harassment, its consequences along with possible solutions.

Prevalence and correlates of sexual harassment in professional service firms.

Despite their significance, limited research has been conducted on sexual harassment in professional service firms (PSFs). Survey data were gathered from 321 Belgian employees (155 women, 166 men) of global accounting and law firms. The prevalence of sexual harassment in PSFs based on traditional sexual harassment items and not-man-enough harassment items was reported. Correlations of respondents' experiences with workplace sexual harassment with perceived acceptance of sexual harassment by one's peers (social norms), personality traits, and demographic and job-related factors were examined. Experiences of workplace sexual harassment were widespread in the current sample: 88.5% of women and 83.3% of men experienced at least once or twice some form of sexual harassment at work during the past 24 months. The most frequent types of sexual harassment reported are examples of (verbal) forms of gender harassment. Instances of traditional harassment were experienced equally often by men and women, while not-man-enough harassment was much more frequently experienced by women. Severe physical sexual harassment was less frequent. Workplace sexual harassment is positively correlated with perceived acceptance of sexual harassment by one's peers and negatively with job level. Results of the current study align with research that links workplace sexual harassment with workplace culture and suggest that both men and women in PSFs experience enforcement of gender roles. It seems quintessential for firms to create working environments and cultures in which sexual harassment is clearly and unambiguously condemned and sanctioned.

Prevalence of sexual harassment among female medical staff in four Khartoum State tertiary hospitals.

workplace harassment is hypothesized to cause a psychological impact on the welfare of the individual. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of sexual harassment among female medical staff in Khartoum state tertiary hospitals. this is a cross-sectional hospital-based study in hospitals of Khartoum, Omdurman and North Khartoum. Our study population comprised female medical staff working in the outpatient clinics, emergency clinics, referred clinics and wards. The data was collected by online Google form self-administered questionnaire. The first part includes demographic information. The second part involved information regarding sexual harassment. The third part obtained information about the psychological status (effect) after harassment. The questionnaire was adopted and utilized from previous studies. in this study, 325 participants were recruited. Among the participants, 51.4% were doctors, majority (81.2%) of the study population were single. The mean age was 26.29 and SD 3.865. Forty percent (40%) stated they had been sexually harassed at work. Forty-five percent (45%) reported the harassment occurred more than 3 times and 46.4% reported loss of desire for work. Action taken for investigation was only reported by 5.4%. The logistic regression revealed that female doctors were 1.45 times more prone to sexual harassment. Also, medical staff with low socioeconomic status were 83.2% chance not sexually harassed. the prevalence of sexual harassment among female medical staff was high. Doctors were more vulnerable to sexual harassment. And, the reported incidents were scarce.

Three years post #metoo: Sexual harassment and our youth

Though the #metoo movement focused largely on adults, as accusations were made public it became clear that the prevalence of sexual harassment has an impact on young people, particularly adolescents. Sexual harassment is defined as “unwanted and unwelcome behavior of a sexual nature that interferes with the right to receive an equal educational opportunity. It is a form of sex discrimination that is prohibited by Title IX, a federal law establishing civil rights in education….” (Stein, 1997). Title IX, enacted in 1972, requires a school district to have an established process for addressing and resolving sexual harassment complaints. How prevalent is sexual harassment? As it turns out, very much so.

Prevalence of sexual harassment and its relationship with family birth order among female undergraduates: New findings from institutional-based cross-sectional study in the south east, Nigeria.

Family is the microcosm of a larger society that provides care that shapes the behavior of children. However, the different levels of attention children receive from their parents may affect their behaviour and self-esteem, which can lead to them being more vulnerable to sexual harassment. An institutional-based cross-sectional survey was conducted from March - August 2021, to assess the relationship between family birth order and prevalence of sexual harassment. The multistage sampling procedure was used to draw 1070 participants. The data was analyzed using percentages, mean, and multivariate logistic regression statistics. The multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. The findings revealed prevalence (73.6%) of sexual harassment, and the two forms such as verbal ( = 2.63) and non-verbal sexual harassment ( = 2.56) were high. The multivariate logistic regression odds ratios adjusted shows that the middle born were approximately 2 folds (AOR = 1.62; CI = 1.14 - 2.30; P = 0.008 0.05) more likely to predict sexual harassment. The study recommended amongst others that parents in South Eastern Nigeria should refrain from given special attention to a particular child as this may predispose the unfavoured child to sexual harassment.

Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain

BackgroundSexual harassment is a type of coercion, including social pressure, intimidation, physical force, and verbal acts, in addition to other forms such as cyber-harassment, recognized as a major important public health problem.MethodsThis cross-sectional study, based on a survey administered online to men and women aged 18 to 35 years and living in Spain throughout 15th and 28th October 2020, aims to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with sexual harassment among young people in Spain within the last 12 months, particularly according to the COVID-19 lockdown period. It has been conducted by bivariate analysis and robust Poisson regression models. The final sample includes 2.515 participants.ResultsThe results indicate that women were almost twice as likely as men to experience sexual harassment (49% vs 22.2%). Also, among heterosexual men and women, the estimated prevalence was lower concerning that observed among bisexuals, gays, and lesbians (31.5% vs 53, 39.2, and 34.6% respectively). The prevalence percentage in the 18–24 age group was twice high as that observed in the 30–35 age group. Finally, during the lockdown period, the harassment through electronic channels increased (32.6% vs 16.5 and 17.8% before and after this period, respectively) and decreased on public roads (22.9% vs 63.4 and 54.4% pre-lockdown and post-lockdown periods, respectively).ConclusionThese findings highlight that sexual harassment presents a high prevalence among young people, especially cyber-harassment, and workplace harassment and it is important to be aware that young women are more likely to suffer harassment and even more if they do not have a partner or have LGB orientation. During the lockdown sexual harassment has moved from public spaces to the social network.