Awareness Of Sexual Abuse Research Articles

Opening a Virtual Space before the Door of the Law: The Transnational Togani Effect from Silenced to Angels Wear White

Through an examination of what the author calls the transnational Togani effect, which challenges legislative failures across both screens and borders, the author hopes to show how social justice films are deployed as a mode of critique that directly impacts the criminal justice system. The author's analysis of the transnational Togani effect therefore encompasses and connects the dimensions of virtuality and actuality in their interactive relation in the contemporary media environment. The author situates this interactive relationship between the virtual and the actual within a transnational framework because awareness of sexual assault is raised in cross-border contexts that are intertextual and interconnected. Drawing on the Deleuzian notion of the virtual and the actual and Giorgio Agamben's concept of inclusive exclusion, the author suggests that screen intervention is a virtual layer added to heterotopic space that serves as a possible resistance against the entrapment of human subjects by neoliberal governance, in which the law is “in force without significance.” As Deleuze shows, the virtual and the actual are fully real, and the relationship between them takes the form of a circuit. By exploring how the interlocking of virtuality and actuality comes to bear on the legal sphere, this article poses fundamental questions for cinema, or for audiovisual media in general, such as to what extent cinematic critique is capable of opening an alternative space for social justice.

Training and evaluation of robot-based psychological intervention program for preventing child sexual abuse

Background and purposePreventing child sexual abuse is a health and medical priority in many countries. The risk of sexual abuse can be markedly reduced through education, awareness, and skill-building for children. The purpose of this study was to train and evaluate a robot-based psychological intervention program for preventing child sexual abuse. MethodsThis study had a semiexperimental design that included pre- and posttests as well as a control group. A stratified random sample of 80 individuals was drawn from the population of eight-to ten-year-old children in Ghaen, Iran, in 2018. Subsequently, the sample was randomly divided into two experimental groups and two control groups. The experimental group participated in a robot-based psychological intervention program, for a total of 10 sessions. The control group received no intervention. The tool used to measure children's knowledge and awareness of sexual abuse was a custom-designed questionnaire developed by Tahan (Tahan, 2023). Participants completed the questionnaire in the pretest, posttest, and follow-up stages. The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANCOVA in SPSS (v.25). ResultsThe findings demonstrated that educating children about sexual abuse was effective in enhancing their knowledge of appropriate and inappropriate touching (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the robot-based cognitive-behavioral intervention program for the prevention of child sexual abuse was effective (p < 0.01). ConclusionThe psychological intervention program increased children's knowledge and awareness concerning the prevention of sexual abuse and associated coping skills. Furthermore, psychological intervention programs were effective in preventing child sexual abuse.

Female-Perpetrated Child Sexual Abuse: A Vignette Study Investigating Professionals' Gender-Related Perception Bias and the Influence of an E-Learning Course

The attitude of professionals towards victims’ disclosures of child sexual abuse has a decisive influence on the well-being of the victims. However, both vignette studies as well as victim surveys suggest that professionals’ perception on sexual abuse is influenced, among other factors, by the perpetrators’ gender. The present analysis investigates whether professionals’ perception of sexual abuse is influenced by the perpetrators’ gender, the professionals’ gender as well as their experience and field of profession. Additionally, the effect of an e-learning course was examined. As part of an e-learning course on child sexual abuse, N = 1925 German professionals (social work, educational, medical-therapeutic, legal professionals) were presented with pre- and post-editing vignettes differing in the perpetrators’ gender and the ambiguity of the situation. The professionals had to rate the situations in terms of sexual abusiveness. The findings revealed that the same situation would be more likely classified as abusive when the perpetrator was male, particularly in ambiguous situations. Moreover, work experience, personal experiences with sexual abuse, and awareness of sexual abuse had significant positive relationships with the professionals’ rating of the abusiveness of a situation. An effect of training was identified, with situations being more likely rated as abusive after the course, specifically in cases with female perpetrators. Victims of female-perpetrated sexual abuse are still often disbelieved, and their experiences trivialized because professionals perceive violence by women differently due to gender stereotypes and a lack of knowledge on female-perpetrated violence. This study highlights the important effect of training. Both science and professional practice need to increase knowledge about female-perpetrated child sexual abuse, as it remains a taboo topic.

Prevalence and Predictors of Sexual Abuse among University Undergraduates in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Background: Sexual abuse is a public health problem that poses serious challenge to health and wellbeing of young persons, globally. This study assessed prevalence and predictors of sexual abuse among undergraduate students in the University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria in order to develop appropriate preventive intervention&#x0D; Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out among 500 undergraduate students of the University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State. Respondents were selected using multi-stage sampling technique. Selfadministered questionnaires were utilized for the study. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 and statistical significance was set at p &lt; 0.05.&#x0D; Results: The mean age of the respondents was 21.4 ± 2.8 years and 300 (60%) were females. Awareness of sexual abuse was 98.0%. Lifetime and period (one year) prevalence of sexual abuse was 320 (64.0%) and 200 (62.5%) respectively. Determinants of sexual abuse were female sex (OR=2.234, CI= 1.532 – 3.527, p&lt;0.001), room sharing (OR=2.637, CI= 0.416 – 0.977, p = 0.039), self-support in school (OR = 2.587, CI= 0.416 – 0.977, p = 0.036), history of previous sexual abuse (OR = 6.043, CI= 3.689 – 6.238, p = 0.001) and history of abusive relationship (OR= 5.010, CI= 1.321 – 3.234, p = 0.023).&#x0D; Conclusion: Sexual abuse is prevalent among study population, with more females than males affected. The University of Benin Management should develop preventive measures that will aid prompt identification and reporting of sexual abuse with anonymity to appropriate authority

Relación entre la conciencia de madres y padres sobre el abuso sexual y las habilidades de los niños para decir «no»

IntroductionChild sexual abuse is a global and multidimensional social problem and causes devastating and permanent psychological, emotional, cognitive, behavioural, physical, sexual and interpersonal sequelae. This study examines the relationship between the ability to say «no» and parental awareness of sexual abuse in 4th grade primary school students. MethodsThe study was conducted between April 2022 and June 2022 in primary schools in the central district of a province in north-eastern Turkey. The sample consisted of 310 students enrolled in 4th grade and their parents. We collected the data through a personal information form, the ability to say «no» scale for children and the sexual abuse awareness scale for parents. ResultsThere was a weak positive correlation between the mean maternal scores of sexual abuse awareness and the mean scores of refusal and resistance in children (P˂.05), as well as a weak positive correlation between the mean paternal scores of sexual abuse awareness and the mean scores of refusal and resistance in children (P˂.05). ConclusionAs mothers’ and fathers’ awareness of sexual abuse myths and of teachings and actions to combat sexual abuse increased, the refusal of children also increased. Also, as fathers’ awareness of the signs of sexual abuse increased, children's refusal increased.

Variables affecting the attitudes of teachers and school principals in reporting child abuse: An analysis of demographic characteristics, awareness, and self-efficacy

BackgroundTeachers and school principals have an important role in the lives of children because they spend so much time with them, creating trusting relationships that make it easier to disclose abuse events. As a result, it's critical to look at the factors that influence teachers' and principals' attitudes towards reporting child abuse. ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to look at the factors that influence preschool teachers, primary school teachers, and school principals (N = 432) attitudes towards reporting child abuse in a Turkish sample. Participants and settingThe study comprised 432 participants, including preschool teachers, primary school teachers, and school principals. Seniority, educational levels, knowledge of abuse, awareness of abuse, and self-efficacy were among the criteria considered while analysing the participants. MethodsThe study employed a survey model to assess the attitudes of the participants. Seniority, educational levels, knowledge of abuse, awareness of abuse, and self-efficacy were all considered predictors of attitudes towards reporting abuse. ResultsThe investigation found that elementary school teachers were more likely than other participants to report abuse. The branch of education, awareness of sexual abuse, and self-efficacy were found to be important predictors of attitudes towards reporting abuse in a hierarchical analysis. The complete study report will include specific effect sizes and their statistical significance. ConclusionsThe findings of this study contribute to a better understanding of the factors influencing teachers' and principals' attitudes towards reporting child abuse in Turkey. Primary school teachers had more favourable attitudes, with the education branch, awareness of sexual abuse, and self-efficacy emerging as important predictors.

Enhancing children's awareness of sexual abuse in Pakistan with video literacy interventional cartoons.

In presence of violent extremism, children in Pakistan are at high risk for child sexual abuse (CSA), especially after the COVID-19 pandemic. Effective approaches for preventing CSA include enhancing resilience resources in violence-affected societies. Previous research suggests that video-based curricula effectively enhances learning in primary schoolchildren. We pilot tested a video literacy program to build awareness in children, creating a 'personal safety and space bubble' as an educational approach for prevention of sexual abuse with an experimental 6weeks long pre- and post-test design. We conducted qualitative interviews with students, teachers, and parents and identified themes using frequency analyses. Results showed a 96.7% increase in awareness about 'personal safety and space bubble'. The pilot study is valuable for public health researchers and policy makers seeking to curtail sexual abuse in extreme violence affected Pakistan. Primary schools can use such interventional cartoons to enhance awareness about child sexual abuse.

Sexual misconduct in medicine must end

In September, 2021 two UK surgical trainees called for more recognition and awareness of sexual harassment, sexual assault, and rape in the surgical profession.1 In response some women surgeons shared their own experiences of sexual harassment and assault.2 More than 3 months later, the Royal College of Surgeons of England apologised for what these women had experienced and stated it was “outraged and appalled”.3 The Times headlined the events a “Me Too moment for NHS as female surgeons speak out”.

What Are the Chances? Perceived Risk of Sexual Victimization for Self and Others Among College Women.

Awareness of vulnerability to a negative outcome is considered a necessary first step to risk reduction and prevention behaviors. Accordingly, sexual assault awareness programs have sought to inform college students of the prevalence of college sexual victimization and the risk factors that contribute. The goal of the current study was to consider the degree to which incoming college freshman women recognize their risk of experiencing sexual victimization and to examine whether risk factors such as alcohol use contribute to those perceived chances. Freshman women (N = 252) were recruited via email early in the Fall semester to participate in an online survey. As expected, women perceived their own chances of sexual victimization (21.4%) to be lower than those of the average freshman at the same university (43.7%). Prior sexual victimization, typical drinking, and expected hookups predicted higher perceived risk of being victimized. Only prior victimization predicted higher perceived risk of sexual victimization for others. On average, freshman women acknowledge their substantial risk of experiencing sexual victimization during their first year of college and overestimate the chances that others will be victimized. Findings show high awareness of sexual assault and its risk factors among college students but point toward a need for prevention that goes beyond education and awareness campaigns.

Rates of Forced Sexual Experiences Among High School Students From 2001 to 2019.

Public awareness of sexual assault and initiatives aimed at preventing sexual assault continue to increase over the years. However, whether rates of sexual assault have diminished because of such cultural shifts remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess if rates of sexual assault (i.e., forced sex) have changed over the past 18years for adolescent girls and boys as well as potential differences across racial/ethnic identities. Using nationally representative data from the Youth Risk Behavioral Surveillance Survey from 2001 to 2019, we conducted logistic regressions to assess rates of experiences of forced sex by sex and by sex and racial/ethnic identity, while accounting for grade level. Participants included 135,837 high school students. From 2001 to 2019, rates of forced sex maintained for girls; however, there was a decrease over time for boys. For girls, there were inconsistent differences in rates of forced sex by racial/ethnic identities. However, boys who identified as Black, Hispanic, Multi-Racial, and Other Race/Ethnicity were at higher risk to report forced sex than their White peers, until 2015; only Other Race/Ethnicity was at higher risk in 2019. As girls and boys aged, the risk of forced sex increased. Despite prevention efforts, rates of forced sex did not decrease from 2001 to 2019 for adolescent girls disregarding race/ethnicity, and for racial/ethnic minority boys. That rates of forced sex continue to be high is problematic as experiencing sexual assault at an earlier age is associated with myriad consequences. Further, results suggest current prevention initiatives may be inadequate at addressing risk factors for forced sex, and more broadly, sexual assault. Moving forward, researchers and educators may want to re-evaluate the strategies used to address and measure sexual assault experiences.

Key issue operatives in an issue-driven network: Public relations as a “pocket of strength” in campus sexual assault awareness and prevention

Within public relations, little research has been conducted on the relationship between networks and social issues management, particularly issues that are gendered and emotional. Through a social network analysis and in-depth interviews with individuals involved in a public university’s sexual assault prevention and awareness work, this study demonstrates a missed opportunity for public relations experts to serve as key issue operatives in an issue-driven network. Specifically, public relations issue operatives can bridge network structural holes in the development and dissemination of comprehensive sexual assault awareness and prevention communication at universities.

Raising Awareness of Sexual Abuse among Children with Intellectual Disabilities: A Survey of Teachers' Views

Sexual abuse is one of the most dangerous phenomena that can overwhelm any society. Children with ID seem to be among the groups with the highest risks for sexual abuse/maltreatment. This research aims to investigate teachers' views regarding how raising awareness of sexual abuse among children with intellectual disabilities. This phenomenon is not spared even the mentally handicapped, as they may not realize the extent of the abuse they are exposed to and may not tell anyone about it, because they do not understand it, they may not realize the standards of religion, society, and standards of social behavior. The sample was 40 teachers of children with intellectual disabilities from Madina El Monawara. This study utilized a qualitative research technique. To collect data, a semi-structured interview method was employed. In response to some big questions: What causes for high prevalence rates of sexual abuse in individuals with ID? How to raise children with intellectual disabilities' awareness of Sexual Abuse? According to teachers' views, lack of social skills, lack of sexual knowledge, inequality in relationships, and the fact that in some cases, individuals with ID need to depend on others were the main causes. Educating children with ID to say no to bad touches, getting to report being victims of sexual abuse, getting them to understand what sexual abuse is or that sexual abuse is a crime, not to be afraid of repercussions they may face from their abuser, or feel ashamed, embarrassed, or blame themselves for the abuse are the most frequently reported recommendations to raise children with intellectual disabilities' awareness of Sexual Abuse.

Sexual Assault Awareness in the #Metoo Era: Student Perceptions of Victim Believability and Cases in the Media

Media discussions of sexual violence have increased since the rapid growth of the social media movement #metoo. Specifically, the phrase resurfaced in abundance in 2017 when actress, producer, activist Alyssa Milano encouraged her social media followers to reply “me too” if they had ever been sexually harassed or assaulted. In addition to raising awareness, media coverage of historically silent topics such as sexual assault can be beneficial as it relates to widespread education. Conversely, widespread dissemination of sexual violence misperceptions—also known as rape myths—can perpetuate rape culture (e.g., linking sexuality to violence and the subsequent normalization of sexual violence). Therefore, this study examines student perceptions of sexual assault in the media using in-depth semi-structured interviews with 34 students and alumni. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Developing and Implementing a Sexual Assault Violence Prevention and Awareness Campaign at a State-Supported Regional University

The purpose was to analyze the percent of targets achieved for seven student objectives of HealthyCampus 2020. The objectives were chosen to assess our university's implementation of a Sexual AssaultViolence Prevention and Awareness campaign. Overall, 1,019 students at our university filled out the ACHA-NCHA II Survey. Our SSRU identified four areas of health concerns where improvements arenecessary to align more closely with Healthy Campus 2020: physical assaults, emotionally and sexually abusive intimate relationships, non-consensual touching and penetration, and feelings of safety at night. To align our student health objectives with the Healthy Campus 2020 targets we have identified the following areas that need extra eff orts: physical assaults, emotionally and sexually abusive intimate relationships, non-consensual touching and penetration, and feelings of safety at night. Based on these results we will continue emphasizing the prevention model using a coordinated, educational approach.&#x0D;

Two-Year Update on ACHA-NCHA II Results Following the Implementation of a Sexual Assault Violence Prevention and Awareness Campaign at a State-Supported Regional University

Objective: We measured progress on seven (7) objectives from Topic Area: Injury and Violence Prevention of the Healthy Campus 2020 campaign at our university. We assessed execution of a Sexual Assault Violence Prevention and Awareness campaign one-year post implementation. Participants and Methods: One thousand and fifty-two students at our University completed the American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment II Survey. Results: From 2.8-11% of students reported emotionally, physically, and sexually abusive intimate relationships, and non-consensual touching and penetration. Conclusions: Our University is committed to supporting and maintaining an educational environment free from all forms of violence and will continue to offer educational sessions and outreach efforts.

What's in a Label? The Impact of Media and Sexual Assault Characteristics on Survivor Rape Acknowledgment.

Media coverage of sexual assault has increased since 2017 due to high-profile cases and social media campaigns designed to increase awareness of sexual assault. The purpose of this study was to examine whether media coverage of the Harvey Weinstein allegations and the onset of the 2017 viral #MeToo movement impacted the likelihood of college women acknowledging their own victimization as rape. Participants were 207 female rape survivors who completed an online survey that included assessments of survivor acknowledgment and characteristics of the sexual assault. Some participants completed the study prior to the Harvey Weinstein allegations and onset of the #MeToo movement, and some participants completed the study after these events. The likelihood of survivors labeling their experience as rape did not differ based on when participants completed the study, odds ratios (ORs) = 0.61-3.92, ps = .127-.604. Use of both nonforceful verbal resistance, OR = 2.63, p = .001, and assertive resistance, OR = 3.05, p < .001, were positively associated with the likelihood of survivor acknowledgment. The effects of both perpetrators' use of force and experiencing immobility on survivor acknowledgment were moderated by the timing of study completion, ORs = 4.22 and 0.11, respectively, ps = .023-.040. These findings suggest that media coverage may impact how certain sexual assault characteristics influence how survivors label their victimization experiences.

Factors Affecting Child Abuse Awareness of Parents of Grade-schoolers

본 연구는 초등학생 부모의 아동학대 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 하였으며, 이를 위해 창원지역 초등학생 부모 103명의 자료를 분석하였다. 연구결과 부모들은 성학대, 신체적 학대, 정서적 학대, 방임의 순으로 아동학대를 인식하고 있었으며, 아동학대 유형별 인식의 영향요인으로 신체적 학대인식은 경제적 수준, 아동체벌 및 부모처벌 허용정도가 영향요인으로 나타났다. 정서적 학대인식은 부모처벌 허용정도, 성학대인식은 경제적 수준, 아동학대 발생빈도 인식, 아동학대 지식이 영향요인이었으며, 방임인식은 가족구성원 수, 경제적 수준, 아동학대 발생빈도 인식이 영향요인으로 분석되었다. 전체 아동학대 인식에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 경제적 수준, 아동학대 발생빈도 인식, 아동체벌 및 부모처벌 허용 정도로 분석되었다. 본 연구결과에 따라 아동학대 인식정도가 낮은 고위험집단을 선정하여 이들을 대상으로 아동학대 지식에 대한 교육 뿐 아니라 아동학대의 심각성, 아동체벌의 위험성, 부모처벌의 필요성 등에 대하여 다양한 경로의 교육프로그램을 개발·시행하여 이들의 아동학대 인식을 향상시키는 것이 필요할 것이다.The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the parents’ awareness of child abuse. Data from 103 elementary school children’s parents in Changwon were collected and analyzed.The study found that the parents recognized different types of child abuse in the following order: sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. In addition, this recognition of child abuse types was affected by economic level and tolerance of child corporal punishment and parental punishment. For emotional abuse awareness, several factors such as parental punishment tolerance, sexual abuse awareness, frequency of child abuse, and recognition of child abuse were analyzed as influencing factors, and the awareness of neglect was affected by the number of family members, economic level, and frequency of child abuse. The factors affecting the overall perception of child abuse were analyzed as follows: economic level, perception of the frequency of child abuse, and the extent of permitted child punishment and parental punishment.According to the results of this study, high-risk groups with low awareness of child abuse were selected, and education programs were developed for them. The programs include not only raising awareness on child abuse but also the seriousness of it, the risk of child punishment, and the necessity of parental punishment. It will be necessary to develop and implement various education programs on the risk of child physical punishment and the need for parental punishment to improve their awareness of child abuse

The body as the space in which power operates: Sexual violence of clergymen in the Korean church

The Korean version of the #MeToo movement has greatly influenced Korean society, and the new social awareness of sexual assault became a hot topic in the field of religion, especially in Korean Christianity. Various hidden cases have been publicized, and victims have begun to raise their once-muted voices. One noticeable factor in sexual harassment in Korean Christianity is the imbalance of power between offenders and victims. The abusers are mostly male pastors who hold absolute authority in their congregation and use this power to force victims to hide the truth. This article presents three main causes that lead to sexual harassment and sexual abuse in Korean churches—the absolute authority of pastors in Korean congregations, the coerced silence of the victims, and the sexual grooming caused by the imbalance of power between the abuser and victim—along with reasons why we stand with the victims.

Child Abuse Awareness and Reporting Intention among Nursing and Education Students

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate child abuse awareness and reporting intention among nursing and education students and correlations among the variables involved. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by administering an online questionnaire to 70 nursing college students and 70 education college students. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, chi-squared test, the Mann-Whitney U test, and Pearson's correlation in SPSS 21.0 (IBM, Armonk, NY). Results: The mean score of child abuse awareness was $3.61{pm}0.32$ for nursing students and $3.60{pm}0.36$ for education students. The mean score of reporting intention was $5.65{pm}0.90$ for nursing students and $5.38{pm}1.03$ for education students. Females presented higher scores than males in the awareness of sexual abuse. The awareness of emotional abuse was higher in students who knew of reporting obligations or who had experienced abuse. Child abuse awareness and reporting intention were significantly positively correlated. Also, the number of times having received child abuse education was correlated with reporting intention in both mild and severe cases of abuse. Conclusion: Reporting intention is not only related to having received education, but also to the frequency of that education. Child abuse education is important to increase reporting intention and should be delivered repeatedly.

Readiness to Help: How Students' Sexual Assault Awareness, Responsibility, and Action Correlate with Bystander Intervention Behavior

Abstract The transtheoretical model of change postulates that behavioral adoption is a result of individuals' readiness to change. Applied to prosocial bystander behavior, having greater sexual assault awareness, prevention responsibility, and action can explain students' readiness to intervene as bystanders. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between students' readiness to help (RTH) and their reported prosocial bystander behavior in five sexual assault risk situations. Data were collected from undergraduate students at a northeastern university (n = 9358) in 2014. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that women's mean scores for RTH subscales of awareness, taking responsibility, and action were significantly greater than men's scores. ANOVA also revealed significant differences between students who did and did not intervene in risk situations, such that those with past prosocial bystander intervention behavior reported significantly greater RTH compared with those who did not in...