Victims Of Sexual Abuse Research Articles

Psychological aspects of children and adolescents victims of sexual violence: an analysis of strategies in the brazilian health system

Violence is something that is unfortunately culturally embodied in global society. Among the existing forms of violence, sexual violence is one of the biggest indicators in recent years in the world and in Brazil. The people most vulnerable to this violence are children and adolescents, who end up suffering various physical and psychological problems. In Brazil, there are various public bodies to deal with this type of violence, and care networks to help victims recover. To highlight the psychological aspects of children and adolescents who have been victims of sexual violence and the strategies of the care network for children and adolescents in Brazil. This study is an integrative literature search, with data collected from SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online) and BVS (Virtual Health Library). The data survey and the focus of this research yielded a total of 15 articles that correspond carefully to the axes established in this work, which are: axis 1: impacts of sexual violence on the mental health of individuals, axis 2: characterization of psychological suffering in children and adolescents victims of sexual violence and axis 3: psychosocial care network as a care tool for children and adolescents victims of sexual violence. Children and adolescents who are victims of sexual violence suffer from a number of extremely serious psychological and social problems. The process of maturing is totally shaken by the psychological games and psychological torture suffered during sexual violence, which has a major impact on the victim's life, making the care networks and laws to support this group work increasingly hard to track down this type of violence, so that the rates of child and adolescent sexual abuse decrease more and more. The risks that the child and adolescent population face as a result of having experienced episodes of sexual violence are obvious. This is a group that deserves a great deal of attention in their social environment in order to trace any means of violation. The networks that care for these victims of sexual abuse play a fundamental role in finding, recovering and promoting cases of sexual violence.

SANE Knowledge of HIV nPEP: Identifying Deficits.

Discussing the risk of exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and assessing the need for HIV nonoccupational postexposure prophylaxis (nPEP) are essential components of providing care to victims of sexual assault. Current literature on the topic of HIV nPEP for victims of sexual assault surrounds risk of exposure, patient adherence, access and barriers, current practices, and standardized order sets. A significant gap in the literature concerning sexual assault nurse examiner (SANE) knowledge of HIV infection and HIV nPEP evidence-based practice guidelines was identified. The purpose of this research was to assess SANE knowledge surrounding HIV infection and evidence-based practice recommendations for HIV nPEP use in victims of sexual assault. A 20-item knowledge survey was created using QuestionPro. The aim of the survey was to measure SANE knowledge of HIV transmission, pathophysiology, nPEP medications, and evidence-based practice guidelines for victims of sexual assault. In addition to the 20 knowledge items, 15 demographic questions were included. The study design was cross-sectional, descriptive, and comparative. A total of 411 participants completed the survey. Data analysis revealed knowledge deficits for topics such as risk of HIV transmission, nPEP indications, laboratory testing, drug regimens, nPEP timing, mechanism of action, medication contraindications, and adherence issues. The overall mean score for the knowledge survey among all participants was 13.36 out of 20 (66.8%). A knowledge deficit among SANEs surrounding HIV infection and HIV nPEP evidence-based practice guidelines for patients who experienced sexual assault was identified. The study highlights the need for additional education for specialized nurses who are providing care to victims of sexual assault.

IMPLEMENTATION OF LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST CHILD RAPE VICTIMS IN THE FAMILY ENVIRONMENT (STUDY AT UPTD PPA SIDOARJO DISTRICT

Sexual violence against children in Indonesia continues to increase every year. Perpetrators of violence come from various backgrounds, including those closest to the victim. Sexual violence can occur in various places, including in homes that should be the safest place for children. This study aims to analyze the implementation of legal protection for child rape victims in the family environment. This research is empirical legal research, namely legal research based on facts in the field or direct observation. This research uses qualitative descriptive methods and uses data collection through observation, interviews and documentation at the Technical Implementation Unit of the Women and Children Protection Area (UPTD PPA) Sidoarjo Regency. Thegovernment has issued implementing regulations for the Child Protection Law through Government Regulation No. 78 of 2021 concerning Special Protection for Children, which includes special protection for child victims of sexual crimes. Special protection for children is carried out in the Regional Technical Implementation Unit referring to established service standards. The results of this study concluded that the government imposed a penalty for perpetrators of child rape in the family environment with an additional penalty of 1/3 (one-third) of the criminal threats that should be received and UPTD PPA Sidoarjo Regency has implemented legal protection in accordance with applicable regulations Starting from mentoring, psychological assistance and others. However, there are still several problems that hinder the implementation of child protection such as low public awareness, insufficient reporting rates, unpreparedness of witnesses, and other factors that can hinder the judicial process.

The predictability of court-adjudicated compensation for pain and suffering damages within the criminal proceedings and the role of victim labels: A case study on victims of sexual crime in the Netherlands

Compensation for pain and suffering damages has been a focal point within legal academic debate. The difficulty of placing a monetary value on such damages and the lack of well-defined guidelines have been claimed to result in widely varying compensatory awards, making them random and unpredictable. Variability may arise from victim labels depicting who is deserving, and who is not. In this study, regression analysis is employed to assess whether compensation can be predicted, and what role victim labels play in the judicial decision-making. The empirical strategy is informed by notion of the ideal victim. Results show that compensation for pain and suffering damages can be predicted, and that by including victim labels the prediction significantly improves. Although they are not the predominant predictors, victim labels of blamelessness play a role in awarded compensation. The main driver in judges’ decision is the claim put forward by the victim.

Juvenile Offending Among Maltreated Youth: Assessing Type-Specificity and Offense Specialization in the Cycle of Violence

This study assesses how different forms of abuse and neglect are associated with juvenile offending, with specific emphasis on whether youth commit offenses analogous to the illicit parental behaviors to which they were exposed. Using statewide child welfare system data linked with juvenile offending records, we assess rates and types of offending among a cohort of youth exposed to child maltreatment, including physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect ( N = 7,787). Findings suggest that the maltreatment-delinquency link is better characterized as a general rather than a specific cycle of violence, though sex abuse victims tend to specialize in sex offending. Youth exposed to physical abuse, moral neglect, and parent incarceration offend at high rates overall and should be prioritized for prevention and treatment services.

Does Youth Resentment Matter in Understanding the Surge of Extremist Violence in Burkina Faso?

Abstract The year 2019 marked an unprecedented step in violence in Burkina Faso. Before 2018, attacks targeted central government officials and expatriates. In 2019, the victims of sexual assaults, attacks, abductions or forced disappearances and assassinations were mostly local civilians. The surge in these violent attacks against civilians generates population movements. As of 2023, internally displaced people represent about 10% of the total population in the country. Several observers point to the youth of the attackers. This study investigates the motives that could drive young people to resort to violence in the country. It aims to highlight youth resentment's effect on violence against civilians in the country as of 2019. It takes advantage of one of the latest nationwide United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)-sponsored surveys conducted in Burkina Faso before some parts of the country became inaccessible because of attacks. Among other information, this survey collected data on youth resentment towards the ability of their kinship to fulfil their needs in 2018, namely before the shift in violence against civilians. We merge this survey into an original dataset that gathers data from the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED), mining data from the MINEX project and distance data computed using Burkina Faso's roads information. The results of an event count model show that youth resentment matters in understanding the occurrence of conflicts. Moreover, the presence of mining companies, the remoteness of infrastructures, ethnic diversity and polarisation also significantly affect violence against civilians.

Development and Validation of the Bystander Engagement Scale for Witnessed Intimate Partner Violence: A South Korean Version.

Bystanders play a crucial role in assisting and rescuing victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) or sexual assault, thereby preventing further harm. Consequently, an increasing amount of research has focused on improving bystander interventions in such situations. While many existing scales that measure bystanders' willingness to intervene and their behaviors are likely tailored to Western settings and primarily focused on preventing sexual assaults, pursuing diversity to make these scales applicable to a variety of contexts is necessary. This study aimed to develop and validate a scale from South Korean samples that measure the likely level of bystander engagement in witnessed IPV situations, named the Bystander Engagement Scale for Witnessed Intimate Partner Violence (BESW-IPV). Preliminary items, developed to describe various IPV situations that a bystander might witness, underwent content validity testing through expert review and cognitive focus group interviews. Afterward, the scale was administered to 311 participants from the target population in South Korea. The scale's factor structure was assessed through exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmed through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability and validity were rigorously assessed. The final version of the BESW-IPV comprised 28 items. Through EFA, "direct IPV indicators" and "indirect IPV indicators" were identified. Together, these factors accounted for 76.10% of the total variance. CFA affirmed that the final model offers an acceptable fit. The scale's convergent and discriminant validities were also well established. The Cronbach's alpha and the McDonald's omega values were 0.98 and 0.99, respectively. In contrast to many existing tools that measure bystander intervention predominantly within the confines of Western educational settings, we believe that the BESW-IPV can be applied in broader contexts, especially in patriarchal environments. Further research is required to translate and validate this tool in different cultural contexts.

Drinking, Diversity, and Discrimination: Campus-Level Factors that Influence Students' Risk of Experiencing Sexual Assault.

College students' individual-level risk factors for sexual assault victimization have been studied for decades, but fewer studies have looked at whether and how campus-level factors, such as campus-level rates of discrimination and campus diversity, might also influence student victimization risk. Identifying these broader factors can inform efforts to develop more effective campus-level sexual assault preventive interventions. We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a large, multi-campus health and well-being survey (N = 309,171 students across 474 US campuses) to explore how campus-level factors shape students' risk of experiencing sexual assault after accounting for students' individual-level risk factors. Using mixed-effects logistic regression, we examined the influence of campus-level factors (e.g., campus sexual orientation demographics and gender diversity) on students' odds of experiencing sexual assault, after accounting for individual risk factors (e.g., sexual and gender minority status). Although some campus characteristics, such as enrollment size, had small significant effects on students' odds of experiencing sexual assault, we found larger significant effects from aggregated campus-level rates of binge drinking, campus diversity (particularly regarding sexual orientation and gender), and discrimination. These findings suggest that comprehensive campus sexual violence prevention would benefit from strategies that promote safe and inclusive campuses, especially for students with marginalized sexual and gender identities.

Konseling Sebagai Metode Pemulihan PTSD Pada Anak Korban Pelecehan Seksual

This research discusses counseling as a method of PTSD recovery in child victims of sexual abuse. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a psychological disorder that arises as a result of a traumatic event experienced or witnessed by an individual, which creates a sense of helplessness, resulting in serious disruption to one's quality of life. Recently, the phenomenon of sexual harassment has become increasingly rampant in society. Perpetrators are not only targeting adult victims, but also children. Sexual abuse experienced by a person can trigger the birth of PTSD. Victims of sexual abuse in children will cause physical and psychological trauma where psychological trauma will be heavier than physical trauma because it affects their social life. Significant psychological impacts, such as difficulties with various traumatic experiences, stigmatization, and even the potential risk of harmful behaviors such as self-mutilation or the tendency to become a perpetrator of sexual abuse in the future. Therefore, this issue needs to be addressed with behavioral counseling. This counseling assists children in learning to change problematic behaviors into applicable rules and norms. The purpose of counseling is to solve the client's problems or increase their strength to cope with life. This research uses a library research method, which is a method of collecting data by studying theories from various relevant literature.

Protecting but Not Protected: Sexual Assault in the Military

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to uncover common themes among tweets shared by victims of military sexual assault (MSA) and make suggestions for policy implications. By using Twitter as a unique data source, researchers were able to analyze self-report data that were not available elsewhere. Results of this qualitative study indicate leadership has a profound impact on MSA. Leaders failed victims in several ways: some were the offenders, some hindered the reporting process, and others ridiculed the victim. Researchers suggest reevaluation of current programs, creation of training programs for military leaders, and adequate resources be made available to MSA victims.

Do Concerns About Police Reporting Vary by Assault Characteristics? Understanding the Nonreporting Decisions of Sexual Assault Victims Who Utilize Alternative Reporting Options.

Forensic nurses routinely provide services to sexual assault victims who are uncertain about reporting their assault to police. The purpose of this study was to determine whether assault characteristics are related to the concerns about police reporting expressed by sexual assault victims who have forensic evidence collected but do not report their assault to police at that time. We analyzed medical records of patients who received services at a hospital-based forensic nursing program between 2010 and 2021. Records were included if a sexual assault evidence kit was collected, the patient declined to report the assault to police, and the patient completed a nonreport sexual assault evidence kit supplement form that included a question asking why they chose not to report the assault ( N = 296). We qualitatively analyzed patients' reasons for not reporting the assault and then used two-variable case-ordered matrices and chi-square analyses to explore relationships between reasons for not reporting and assault characteristics. Identified reasons for not reporting included lacking information about the assault, fear of harm/retaliation, and self-blame/minimization. Physical force, drug/alcohol consumption, and victim-offender relationship were related to patients referencing lacking information and fearing harm/retaliation as reasons for not reporting, but not related to the frequency of patients referencing self-blame/minimization. Results indicate that assault characteristics are related to reasons for not reporting at the time of the medical forensic examination. Being aware of these relationships may help forensic nurses provide patient-centered services and anticipatory guidance.

Impact of Self-Blame and Social Reactions on Adult Sexual Assault Sequelae

This study examined the effects of self-blame attribution and social response after disclosure of sexual assault on the adult female victims’ trauma symptoms. The author applied a sequential explanatory mixed method and quantitatively analyzed the data from 81 women and subsequently conducted in-depth interviews with 10 women who experienced sexual assault in their adulthood. In the final stage, we integrated the two phases and interpreted how self-blame, family reactions, response from institutions, and rape myths affect the sequelae of the victims of sexual assault. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship and impact of individual and social contextual factors of sexual assault sequelae.

Conductas autolíticas suicidas y no suicidas en víctimas de violencia sexual infantil

Sexual violence against children and suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors are two social and health problems that have increased. Sexual assaults have an impact, affecting the tendency to carry out autolytic behaviors. Therefore, it was intended to study the relationship between having been a victim of sexual violence in their childhood and the probability of engaging in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious behaviors in adolescence and early adulthood. For this, a systematic review has been carried out, through the Pubmed and PsycInfo databases of articles published between 2015 and 2022. A significant relationship has been found between both problems, observing that the suicide attempts of these victims were intrinsically related to their experiences of aggression. Thus, it has been found that variables such as gender, rumination, emotional dysregulation, social support, and characteristics of aggression mediate the relationship between sexual violence against children and suicidal and non-suicidal autolytic behaviors. This type of investigation helps us to establish the focus of intervention in the cases of victims of child sexual assault, but it should also help to give visibility to the problem and promote preventive intervention protecting children.

L'expérience subjective des femmes de diverses origines ethniques victimes d'agressions sexuelles intrafamiliales pendant l'enfance: Deux études de cas

IntroductionChild sexual abuse (under 18 years old) in women is a widespread problem in all communities, with many serious consequences. Although there are several studies concerning victims of sexual assault, few focuses on their experiences by taking ethnocultural aspects into account. Moreover, although internal attribution is common among victims, i.e., feelings of guilt and shame, few studies explore this aspect in victims from different ethno-cultural backgrounds. However, specific values in different cultures can influence the emotions victims feel and, thus their experiences. ObjectiveThis article aims to explore the experiences of victims of intrafamilial child sexual abuse from different ethno-cultural backgrounds. MethodTwo case studies were carried out. Data were collected through individual semi-structured interviews with two women from different ethnocultural backgrounds who were victims of intrafamilial child sexual abuse. ResultsThe results reveal some similarities between the experiences of these two volunteers, despite their diverse backgrounds, notably concerning the relationship with their mother, gender roles, cultural differences, identity issues, sexuality, feelings of shame and guilt, and consequences of sexual assault. ConclusionThis study highlights the importance of conducting more research on the subject to understand their experiences better. This will enable us to assess their needs better and provide appropriate support.

Awareness of Undergraduate Medical Students Regarding Child Sexual Abuse in Society - A Cross-Section Study

Child sexual abuse is a heinous crime of growing age children that may victimize both sexes of the child. Here, we tried to know the concerns, opinions, and understanding related to the child sexual abuse of young undergraduate students of AIIMS Patna. These students belonged to different communities, religions, and different states of India. Information was sent by mode using the google forms and was collected automatically online. linkert-type questions were given to gather the information; collected data was analyzed and reported. 81.6 % of students disagreed that only girls are sexually abused and the rest, 18.4% of respondents were not sure about the given statement. 6.0% of respondents agreed that only girls are victims of sexual abuse. There, 225 (45.0 %) of students opined that child sexual abuse boys are not homosexual, but the rest 226 (45.20) % of students, did not confirm the opinion. 100 (20%) students were neutral in opinion, whereas 49 (9.80%) students opined with disagreement with the statement means indirectly, child sexually abused boys were homosexual. Children from reputed families are not the victim of sexual abuse. 325 (65.0 %) of students disagree with the statement, 40 (8.0) % of students opine that reputed family children are not sexually abused, 27% of students were not in the stage of any opinion or either neutral or they do not know about the statement. 202 (40.4 %) of students opined that sexually abused children should not be sent to foster care, but 29 (5.8 %) of students disagreed with this opinion and suggested that they should be sent to foster care. 168 (53.60 %) participants had no conclusive opinion and 23.4 % had a neutral opinion. Opinion of the participants regarding few children being victims of sexual abuse: 137 (27.4%) agree with that statement, a significant number of participants disagreed with this statement and opined that 223 (44.6%) disagreed with the treatment, indirectly opined that a substantial number of children were the victim of child sexual abuse. The remaining 28 % of participants did not give a final opinion.

Factors Affecting Control and Prevention of Child Sexual Abuse in Sri Lanka

Child abuse has evolved into a strong social problem in Sri Lanka. In addition to this, children being victims of sexual abuse has grown into a strong social problem in this country today. It is clear from the study of the statistics published regarding sexual abuse that there has not been a significant decrease in the sexual abuse of children in this country. The sexual abuse of children, especially by using them for obscene postings and publications, has grown extremely in Sri Lanka. Thus, children are faced with a lot of effects and problems due to being victims of sexual abuse. This situation has a direct impact on the development of the country. Treatment of child victims after sexual abuse and enforcement of the law against abusers incurs huge economic and service costs. However, 100% compensation cannot be made for the negative impact on the child. Because of this, a strong emphasis should be placed on identifying the factors that affect the control and prevention of children becoming victims of sexual crimes in Sri Lanka. The research problem of this study is to find out what are the causal factors that affect the control and prevention of child sexual abuse. Also, the main purpose of the research is to study the factors affecting the control and prevention of children becoming victims of sexual abuse. In this study, special attention has been given to the relationship between the victimized children and their parents, parental weaknesses that affect the victimization of abuse and what measures can be taken to control and prevent sexual abuse. Data collection was done using two samples, and structured interviews were used to collect data. According to the research results, 79% of the parents have not informed their children about the factors that influence them not to become victims of sexual abuse. 89% of the parents have accepted that some weakness in the family has affected the children to commit a sexual crime. Among these, about 51% of the father’s weaknesses have directly affected the abuse. The main suggestion is that the sexual abuse of children in this country can be controlled and prevented by implementing the law and making new laws. Also, it has been identified in this study that the family should be strengthened to control and prevent children from falling victim to sexual abuse.

Abused Men: Representing Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence and/or Sexual Abuse in Law and Order: SVU

Abused Men: Representing Male Victims of Intimate Partner Violence and/or Sexual Abuse in Law and Order: SVU

Interaction between PTSD-PRS and trauma affects PTSD likelihood in women victims of sexual assault.

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is triggered by traumatic events, but genetic vulnerability and a history of childhood trauma are additional factors that may increase the risk of PTSD. Thus, our study focused on exploring the interaction between genetic susceptibility, as assessed by polygenic risk score (PRS), and traumatic events. We evaluated 68 women with PTSD who had been sexually assaulted and 63 healthy controls without a history of sexual assault. DNA was genotyped using the Infinium Global Screening Array (Illumina), and PRS analysis was performed using PRSice. Furthermore, logistic regression models were employed to examine the interaction between childhood trauma, traumatic life events, and PTSD-PRS and how they contribute to the risk of developing PTSD. We found a significant association between PRS, childhood trauma (p = 0.03; OR = 1.241), and PTSD. Additionally, an interaction was observed between PRS, traumatic life events, and childhood trauma, particularly relating to physical and emotional neglect (p = 0.028; OR = 1.010). When examining neglect separately, we found a modest association between emotional neglect and PTSD (p = 0.014; OR = 1.086). Our findings highlight the importance of considering genetic vulnerability and traumatic experiences in understanding the etiology of PTSD.

Psychodrama

Abstract: Sexual abuse is a phenomenon present in all social classes and cultures and has become more relevant in recent decades. Victims suffer traumatic consequences in the short and long terms and one of the possible approaches to be used in treatment is Psychodrama. This study presents an overview of Psychodrama and the Role Reversal technique, as well as its effectiveness, especially in the treatment of trauma, in particular, trauma resulting from sexual abuse. For this study, we searched the main international databases. We have discovered that psychodrama can serve as a highly effective intervention model for individuals who have experienced sexual abuse. However, our primary finding emphasizes the necessity for additional research regarding the efficacy of Psychodrama and its Role-reversal technique specifically for victims of sexual abuse.

Victims of Sexual Abuse of Children's Reliability of the Reliability of the So-Called DARVO Manipulation Techniques to Apply and Shake the Perpetrators of the Victims of the Victim of the Judicial System in Terms of the Reliability of the Victims of the Victim's Reliability: Retrospective Original Research

Victims of Sexual Abuse of Children's Reliability of the Reliability of the So-Called DARVO Manipulation Techniques to Apply and Shake the Perpetrators of the Victims of the Victim of the Judicial System in Terms of the Reliability of the Victims of the Victim's Reliability: Retrospective Original Research