Sex Education For Children Research Articles

FORMATION OF GENDER IDENTIFICATION IN THE PROCESS OF SOCIALIZATION OF ADOLESCENTS

The article describes the essence of gender identification in the process of socialization of adolescents. The social transformations taking place in modern society are changing the established ways of life, social norms, and ideological structures that define them, as well as attitudes toward them. These transformations have a significant impact on the formation of the individual, his or her status and position in society, professional development, and family roles. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the conditions for the formation of gender identification in the process of socialization of adolescents based on a gender approach, which is implemented in the family, school, and society. The concepts of gender and gender culture are highlighted. Attention is focused on the rapid increase in the percentage of so-called civil marriages, which lead to an increase in the number of single mothers and disorientation of sex education of children in the family. In these marriages, young people are not responsible for an “artificial” family, do not strive to have and raise children, and live together to satisfy their sexual needs. Relationships formed in this way are perceived and evaluated differently by boys and girls. Thus, among the 40 adolescent males surveyed, 70% were in favor of civil marriage, while 30% were against it. Among female adolescents, 31.5% approve of civil marriages, and 68.5% are against them. The results show that boys are more loyal to free, unencumbered relationships, but girls also perceive them quite favorably, not fully realizing that it is the woman who is socially and personally more vulnerable in such a situation. It has been found that adolescents show a high awareness of their personal identity through various aspects, such as gender perceptions, social roles, moral values, and interests. They are actively rethinking their place in society and their own views, which indicates their developed self-awareness and readiness to interact with the world around them. It is concluded that the rapid development of technology, diverse cultural influences, and new forms of communication create a unique environment in which gender norms and stereotypes are constantly being revised and evolved. This process is of particular importance for adolescents, as they are actively in the phase of self-determination and personal development. Understanding the gender aspects of social interaction among this group will help to identify and address the problems of inequality and discrimination at the initial stages of their occurrence. Prospects for further research of the problem are seen in the study of the influence of gender factors of adolescents on self-determination in modern society. Keywords: gender, identity, society, socialization, construct, personality, adolescents

Development and Reliability and Validity Analysis of the Knowledge,Attitude,and Practice Evaluation Scale for Teachers' Early Childhood Sex Education

Objective To develop the knowledge,attitude,and practice evaluation scale for teachers' early childhood sex education and analyze the reliability and validity of the scale,providing evaluation tools for the research on teachers' early childhood sex education. Methods On the basis of relevant guidelines,publications,and the theory of knowledge,attitude,and practice,a preliminary pool of items for the scale was formed by group discussions.The scale was drafted after two rounds of Delphi expert consultation.In May 2023,stratified cluster sampling was conducted,and 535 preschool teachers from Changshou District,Chongqing were selected for a survey.Cronbach's α coefficient,split-half reliability,exploratory factor analysis,and content validity were adopted to assess the reliability and validity of the scale. Results An evaluation scale for teachers' early childhood sex education was formulated,involving 27 items in 3 dimensions of knowledge,attitude,and practice.The total Cronbach's α coefficient of the scale was 0.875,and that of the knowledge,attitude,and practice dimensions were 0.902,0.743,and 0.879,respectively.The total split-half reliability of the scale was 0.937,and that of the knowledge,attitude,and practice dimensions were 0.934,0.821,and 0.912,respectively.The content validity of the scale was good,with a factor loading range of 0.500-0.836 and a cumulative variance contribution rate of 61.57.The average score of teachers' knowledge,attitude,and practice in sex education was 72.85±7.13,with a good rate of 70.84%. Conclusions The developed scale for evaluating teacher's early childhood sex education demonstrates good reliability and validity,and it can be used to evaluate the teachers' knowledge,attitude,and practice in early childhood sex education.The evaluation results indicate that teachers have low levels of knowledge,attitude,and practice in sex education,and relevant departments need to carry out training on the sex education for young children.

Psikoedukasi Pendidikan Sek Guna Mencegah Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak Tunawisma

The phenomenon of sexual violence against children is increasing, demanding serious attention in prevention efforts. Psychoeducation regarding sex education for children, especially homeless people, is important to equip them with the knowledge and skills to protect themselves. This program aims to provide information about types of sexual violence, signs, and how to protect yourself. The methods used include providing materials, motivation and mentoring, with a focus on an interactive and inclusive approach. Results showed increased children's knowledge about reproductive health and ability to identify dangerous situations. Support from parents and the community is crucial in creating a safe and supportive environment. It is hoped that this collaboration can reduce the risk of dangerous sexual behavior and increase collective awareness about the importance of early sex education.

Empowering Youth through Play: Promoting Awareness of Sexual Grooming among Schoolchildren through Game-based Learning

Sexual grooming is engaging with a child to build a relationship with intentions of sexual exploitation. In some cases, it precedes child sexual abuse. The need for child sex education can be further illustrated by the severity of the trauma that results from the abuse. Hence, it is ideal to recognise the signs of grooming to reduce the risk of child sexual grooming. This project aims to develop an age-appropriate game to assess game-based learning to educate children on preventing sexual grooming. The methodology implemented in this project is the outcome-based methodology. First, a survey was distributed to guide the design of the game and to identify the relevant learning outcomes relating to sex education the respondents wish their children to learn. Based on the results, there are four learning outcomes to be achieved. Second, the genre of the game was determined to be a visual novel. Third, the premise of the game was written. Fourth, assets to enhance the playing experience were either created or sourced online. Fifth, the game mechanics were developed using Godot Engine. Sixth, the game mechanics were play tested iteratively, before and after integration with one another. Seventh, all the mechanics and non-mechanic elements were integrated to complete development. Eighth, the game was play tested online. Pre- and post-test results from the playtest were recorded and evaluated. Using paired samples t-test with a 95% confidence interval, the calculated t-value 12.011 was more significant than the critical t-value of 2.042, and the p-value 0.00001 was lesser than the significance level of 0.05. The result suggests that using the game to create awareness of physical and online grooming towards children was effective.

Edukasi Tentang Pemahaman Kekerasan Seksual Pada Anak – Anak di Desa Landbaw

In various regions of Indonesia, violence against children has become one of the most concerning issues. The high amount of media coverage regarding cases of sexual violence against children serves as evidence that many cases are still occurring. The lack of education about sexuality for children from a young age is one of the triggering factors for the increase in incidents of sexual harassment. Sex education for children is still considered a taboo by society, especially among parents. The lack of education causes children to be unaware of the crimes of sexual violence that may occur around them. Educational activities in the form of sexual education as part of community service programs are one of the efforts to prevent sexual violence against children. The purpose of this activity is for students to understand and recognize the importance of preventing sexual violence, so that they can take appropriate action if they encounter a dangerous situation.

Upaya Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Kekerasan Seksual atau Penganiayaan Anak Dibawah Umur

Cases of sexual violence in children are so alarming that making parents who have young children become more vigilant and fearful of the safety of their children. This article discusses the importance of interpersonal communication between parents and children, especially those aged early to give an understanding of self-protection. Good communication is essentially applied between parents and children in order to generate a positive relationship. The communication must be built starting from early childhood, it is intended that the creation of a good relationship between parents and children to create a harmonious relationship. Families who have problems with family characteristics that are not reasonable and have children who need care the family problems that must be fixed first. Children who do not have a father or mother becomes the main to be considered by the government. Families who have the ability to raise children well and have sufficient knowledge to equip and protect children from violence and child abuse then can the communication between parents and children is necessary, through sex education for children, expressing themselves honestly, communication Interpersonal Harmonious, an example by using good language and motivation to become independent.

Overview of Parents' Behavior in Providing Sexual Education to Children aged 7-11 Years in the Kuranji Health Center Working Area, Padang City

Background: Cases of child sexual abuse are on the rise worldwide. Parents are the primary source of socialization and play an important role in shaping children's attitudes and practices related to sexuality. Objective: To determine the description of parental behavior in providing sexual education to children aged 7-11 years. Methods: This study is a descriptive study. The population in the study were all parents who have children aged 7-11 years. The research was conducted in August-December 2023. The research sample amounted to 379 people, with purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a questionnaire that included knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors. Data were analyzed using SPSS software to display frequency distribution. Results: Parents' knowledge is lacking (52.5%), parents' attitudes are not supportive (50.7%), parents with negative perceptions (50.4%), parents' trust is not good (56.5%), and parents' behavior is not good (51.5%). Conclusion: Most parents' behavior is not good in providing sexual education to children. Education and counseling programs are needed for parents to improve their knowledge, attitudes, perceptions, beliefs, and behaviors related to children's sexual education.

The politics of age in sex and sexuality education for children and young people

The politics of age in sex and sexuality education for children and young people

The concept of sex education for children and adolescents in Quranic perspective (comparative study of Abdullah Nashih Ulwan and Muhammad Quraish Shihab)

The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis between the views of Abdullah Nashih Ulwan and Muhammad Quraish Shihab on the concept of sex education for children and adolescents. This research uses a qualitative approach of library research type. The main data source is the book Tarbiyatul Aulad by Abdullah Nashih Ulwan and Sexuality and Interaction; Education from the Perspective of the Quran and Sunnah by Muhammad Quraish Shihab. The results showed that according to Abdullah Nashih Ulwan, sexuality education is categorized into four stages: tamyiz (7-10 years), murohaqoh (10-14 years), puberty (14-16 years), and post-baligh. Meanwhile, Muhammad Quraish Shihab emphasizes the importance of providing sex education as early as possible by explaining the differences in human sex and appreciating the discussion of sexuality. Muhammad Quraish Shihab divides three phases of sexual education. First, pre-baligh I (toddler phase/0-5 years). Second, pre-baligh II (child phase/6-11 years). Third, the baligh phase (adolescence/12-25 years). Finally, the post-baligh phase. This research contributes theoretically about the concept of sex education for children and adolescents.

The Relationship Between Knowledge and Parental Behavior in Children's Sex Education

Parents are the leading figures in providing sex education, sex education is important considering the large number of cases of sexual violence against children. The behavior of providing sex education to children must be patient and repeated over and over again so that the child understands. Parents can also teach children to protect themselves and dare to say no when someone tries to make their child undress. Objective: To determine the relationship between knowledge and parental behavior in providing child sex education in Kesambi Hamlet, South Prupuk Village, Margasari District, Tegal Regency. Method: This type of research is quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. Population 62 Respondents. The sampling technique is simple random sampling, done by randomizing each neighborhood. Data was collected using a questionnaire, and analysis was carried out using the Chi-Square test. Results: This study showed that 43 (69.4 percent) had good knowledge, and 44 (71.0 percent) respondents had positive behavior. Moreover, based on the Chi-Suqre test, p (0.00) was found. There is a relationship between knowledge and parental behavior in providing child sex education in Kesambi Hamlet, South Prupuk Village, Margasari District, Tegal Regency.

Analyzing the Difficulties Facing Sex Education for Children with Disabilities in China and Social Workers' Intervention Countermeasures

As an important part of the disabled population in China, children with disabilities are basically the same as normal children in terms of physiological development, although they lag significantly behind normal children in terms of self-cognition, self-control and self-protection. Because of the mismatch between the cognitive ability and physiological development of disabled children, they are vulnerable to sexual abuse and sexual assault, or become the sender of sexual assault, causing serious social problems, so sex education for disabled children is urgent. This paper analyses the dilemma of sex education for children with disabilities in China and the reasons behind it from the perspective of social work, and explores the solution strategies for social worker intervention.

The Experiences of Young People with Intellectual Disability, Parents and Professionals in Relationships and Sexuality Education Programmes: Findings from a Qualitative Study.

People with intellectual disability want friendships and meaningful relationships, and some want intimacy. However, the expression of sexuality is an area where potential freedoms are often limited and restricted compared to their peers. While some relationships and sexuality education programmes do exist for this population, most focus on knowledge acquisition regarding sexuality and sex but lack in their focus on relationships, informed choices and decision-making. The aim of this study was to identify good practices and methods of delivery in relationships and sexuality education for children and young people with intellectual disability. A qualitative design was undertaken. Information about our study was distributed to eight special schools in the UK. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were employed for data collection. Data from 37 pupils with intellectual disability, 11 parents and 16 healthcare and other professionals were thematically analysed. Following data analysis, three themes emerged: (i) seeking and sharing information; (ii) protecting and keeping safe; and (iii) learning for the future. The findings highlight that pupils are keen to learn about life changes and societal influences and want reliable information. Parents and professionals recognise that children and young people with intellectual disability will develop into adults and may be vulnerable when they leave the security of the school setting. They recognise that children and young people need to know about socialising, puberty, consent and contraception. Evidence-based programmes should be designed with these stakeholders to ensure children and young people with intellectual disability receive developmentally appropriate information to make happy and safe decisions about their relationships.

Enhancing sex education for children with autism: a comparative analysis of phenomenology

Enhancing sex education for children with autism: a comparative analysis of phenomenology

Special education teachers’ attitudes towards teaching sex education to students with intellectual disabilities in Malaysia

All children have the right to be adequately informed about sex and sexuality, while the sex education for students with intellectual disabilities in Malaysia is limited. Teachers’ attitudes towards sex education determine the goals and process of implementing sex education programmes. The study aimed to investigate special education teachers’ attitudes towards sex education for children with intellectual disabilities in Malaysia. A total of 179 special education teachers participated in the study and we found special education teachers had a positive attitude towards sex education in general for intellectual disabilities in Malaysia. And the influencing factors of special education teachers’ attitude were age, degree of education, teachers’ teaching qualification, teachers’ experience of sex education for students, sex education training, teachers’ teaching age and school location.

Realisasi dan hambatan peran ayah ditinjau dalam perspektif pendidikan seks anak usia 3 – 6 tahun di Kelurahan Kebon Jeruk

The phenomenon of sexual harrasment is rampant at this time. The importance of introducing early childhood sex education as an effort to prevent more victims and perpetrators of sexual deviance. Fathers as leaders contribute to being responsible for providing protection and education regarding sex education for their children. This study aims to determine the realization of the role and obstacles of fathers from the perspective of sex education for children aged 3 – 6 years in Kelurahan Kebon Jeruk. This study used a descriptive qualitative research approach. Data collection techniques used observation, interview, and documentation methods. This study involved 6 main informants who are fathers of children aged 3 – 6 years. Data validity techniques used source triangulation and technique triangulation. The results showed that the realization of the father’s role in the perspective of sex education for children aged 3 – 6 years, namely the realization of fathers’s role as a protector in sex education is shown by (a) Creating a safe environment for sex education for children age 3 – 6 years, (b) Scheduling children’s play activities to prevent potential dangers, (c) Supervising the use of media and the internet to avoid adult content. The realization of the father’s role as an educator in sex education is shown by (a) Cooperation beetween father and mother in sex education for children aged 3 – 6 years, (b) Providing sex education information according to the understanding of children aged 3 – 6 years. Another finding of this study is the existence of father’s obstacles in providing sex education for children aged 3 – 6 years, namely (1) Father’s ignorance in the process of delivering sex education to children, (2) Gender diffrences between fathers and daughters, and (3) Father’s perception that children are not ready to be discussed about sex.

ANALYSIS OF FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SEX EDUCATION AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN RURAL AREAS

Early sex education for children is very important to prevent sexual violence, but many parents believe that sex education for children is taboo. This research aims to find out what factors are related to parents' sex education practices for elementary school children. This research was conducted at Rural area. This research is descriptive analytical with a cross sectional approach. The population in this study were parents of students. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method resulting in 171 respondents. Data collection uses a questionnaire. The data analysis SPSS. The conclusion of this research, factors related to the implementation of parental sex education for elementary school children the first factor is parents' education and age, the second factor is parents' knowledge, and the third factor is parents' experience. The parents will increase information about early sex education for children, so that parents have good knowledge about sex education.

Teachers' Perception: Self-protection in Children as a Prevention Against Sexual Violence

The rise in child sexual violence (CSV) cases in Central Java Province worries all levels of society, specifically parents and teachers. Preventive efforts include providing child sexual education, which has been massively promoted by the governments, teachers, and parents to prevent sexual violence against children. The researchers raise the problem of the study “How do kindergarten teachers in Semarang city perceive self-protection as a prevention to CSV?” to explore kindergarten teachers’ perception of self-protection as a tool to prevent CSV. This study used a qualitative method with a phenomenology approach. The participants of the study were classified based on specific criteria. The results showed that self-protection materials, as a prevention to CSV, cover an introduction to body parts in a girl and a boy, sexual relationship knowledge between man and woman, and other knowledge and skills provided to children from an early age. Besides perception, teachers conveyed sexual education materials, including toilet training activities and self-protection materials through movies, videos, songs, and dolls. Sexual education materials adjusted to culture are how to dress, how to speak, and shyness in behavior.
 Keywords: self-protection, teachers’ perception, child sexual violence, phenomenology

Exploring Parental Perspectives: Unveiling the Significance of Sex Education for Children before Puberty in Pakistan

Background: The discourse on sex education remains a contentious issue, particularly within conservative societies such as Pakistan, where cultural and religious norms significantly influence educational content. The importance of sex education in safeguarding children's physical and psychological well-being is increasingly recognized, amidst growing concerns over inadequate knowledge and the proliferation of misleading information through the internet. Objective: This study aimed to explore parental perspectives on sex education for children before puberty in Pakistan, assessing their views on its necessity, appropriate timing, delivery methods, and the influence of cultural and religious beliefs on sex education. Methods: Employing a qualitative research design, the study utilized thematic analysis as proposed by Braun and Clarke (2006) to examine the viewpoints of ten parents (3 fathers and 7 mothers) of children aged 7 to 11 years. Data were collected through online interviews using a purposive sampling strategy. The thematic analysis followed Braun and Clarke's (2020) five-phase guide to identify patterns and themes within the data. Results: The analysis revealed that parents view sex education as a crucial part of their children's development, emphasizing the need for it to be introduced at an appropriate age and through accurate and respectful content. Religious beliefs were found to support, rather than contradict, the provision of sex education, with Islam permitting discussions on sexuality in an educational context. Gender-specific roles in delivering sex education were highlighted, with a preference for mothers to educate daughters and fathers to educate sons. Despite recognizing its importance, parents expressed concerns about the potential for sex education to distract from academic studies and the challenges of ensuring the accuracy of the information provided. Conclusion: The study underscores a complex balance between acknowledging the importance of sex education and addressing its implementation amidst cultural and religious sensitivities. It highlights the need for collaborative efforts among parents, educators, and health professionals to develop effective sex education programs that are culturally and religiously appropriate, aiming to empower children with knowledge and protective strategies against misinformation and abuse.

Early Childhood Sex Education to Prevent Sexual Abuse

Cases of sexual harassment are currently receiving serious attention because they often occur in various environments, including play areas, schools and families. This research aims to investigate the role of parents and teachers, as well as the strategies, methods and materials taught in the learning process at Al Muhajirin Kindergarten, Malang City. The type of research carried out was qualitative research with descriptive methods. Data collection was carried out through interviews and observations. The results of this study illustrate that sex education from an early age has a significant role. Educational institutions and the role of parents have a big influence on children's understanding of sex education.

The current situation and countermeasures of early childhood sex education

The current situation and countermeasures of early childhood sex education