Sex Education For Young People Research Articles

THE IMPORTANCE OF SEXUAL EDUCATION FOR YOUNG GENERATIONS

As a phrase, sexual education oscillates between taboo and disinhibition, between values and social risks, between traditional generations and current generations, generating multiple challenges to the educational field. The semantics of this phrase creates serious inhibitions for educational institutions that promote ethics and human dignity in the educational process. To these are added the social and cultural values that delegate the role of sexual education to the family alone. The present analysis wants to argue the understanding and the role of sexual education for the young generations. In the last decades, democracy, human rights with an emphasis on the emancipation of women, have definitely influenced the mentality and sexual behavior of the young generations. This behavior also brought with it medico-social risks, generating new social phenomena, such as accidental pregnancies, teenage pregnancies, abortion, single-parent families, sexually transmitted diseases, etc. These behaviors also existed before modernity, but as exceptions. The new social phenomena that appeared as a result of the lack of correct sexual education and the overcoming of the family's situation in communicating with young people stimulated the creation of social services to help them. However, the statistics show that the socio+medical risks due to the lack of correct sexual education of young people, have registered an increase in the number of cases as well as the appearance of new social phenomena: human trafficking now also associated with the digital environment, sexual abuse, child pornography, mothers teenage girls under the age of 14 etc. The concern of the professionals of the social environment for the reduction of these phenomena determined the highlighting of the necessity of the involvement of educational institutions in the training and informed information of young people, taking into account the particularities of age, development and psycho-social maturation, but also through the use of specific learning method.

Relevance of sex education for young people with intellectual disability

Of the various socially relevant crises of the world one that ought to be brought to limelight is the encumbrances faced by people who are intellectually disabled.People with intellectual disability are ones who face extreme challenges in their personal as well as social life. This paper accounts for a systematic review of issues and challenges in sexual life of people with intellectual disability. For this ssample datahas beencollected from the online database like Scopus, Pub Med, and Google scholar and classified into distinct sections based on a bumper of factors - sexual aspects, sexual abuse/violence and role of care givers to people with intellectual disability. The chief culprit behind the sexual problems in people with intellectual disability is the lack or absence of precise sexual education.So, proper and sound sexual education must be ensured to the people with intellectual disability to root out the all the sexual health complications.

Applying Emotional Literacy in Comprehensive Sex Education for Young People

Contemporary sex education requires a critical approach that entails a greater understanding of sexuality, relationships, and social skills. Applying emotional literacy practices in comprehensive sex education would improve its quality and comprehensive nature. Articles that informed (1) current practices of sex education (2) fundamental problems associated with sex education; (3) emotional literacy and its relevance in sex education, and (4) implementing emotional literacy in sex education were selected. PubMed and Google Scholar were the databases used to select literature using the search terms “emotional literacy,” “social emotional learning,” “sex education,” “comprehensive sex education,” “adolescence,” and “youth.” The content, time invested and teaching skills in most sex education lessons are inadequate to meet the needs faced by our youth today. Conventional patterns of sex education risks repetitive educational outcomes. Without a framework to develop emotional competencies, comprehensive sex education may not fulfill the effects intended by international guidelines. Inadequate levels of social-emotional functioning are detrimental to sexual health, and central to other public health problems such as violence and substance abuse. Applying emotional literacy in comprehensive sex education would empower young people to regulate behavior and feelings in relation to sexuality and relationships while building mental resilience, self-esteem, empathy and responsible decision-making.

Sexual education in selected European countries - characteristics

This article aims to present the characteristics of sex education in selected European countries. Particular attention should be paid to the need for compulsory and diligently conducted sexual education of young people as a preventive measure and a factor providing objective scientific truth. Normative systems and set of beliefs often create social taboos about sexuality. Based on the analysis of scientific sources published in Polish, French and English, this article also shows the essence of sex education in schools, as a way for young people to make the right choices, reduce the occurrence of risky behaviors and protect against and prevent sexually transmitted diseases, unplanned pregnancy and sexual violence. Acquiring true and consistent with the current state of knowledge information on the human sexual sphere should be carried out throughout life. Conducting professional sex education classes at school would be an opportunity for all students to have equal access to information on this subject. Both for those who talk to their parents and those for whom it is a taboo. The presented effects of the lack of sexual education in schools show that its reliable and professional implementation is a means of providing help to young people and their families. However, in order to change the approach of parents and students to attending classes in this subject, it is necessary to improve the quality of teaching in this subject and to make some changes to the curriculum.

Cuidar, aprender e prevenir: uma abordagem efetiva de promoção em saúde sexual para adolescente em uma escola pública de Belém do Pará, Brasil

De acordo com evidências atuais, um crescente número de pacientes que procuram o sistema público de saúde por infecções sexualmente transmissíveis (IST’s) estão na faixa etária associada à adolescência, período comumente relacionado à gravidez sem planejamento. Esse quadro preocupante está associado ao pouco conhecimento sobre educação sexual pelos jovens, em virtude de falta de informação e orientação. Diante disso, tal tema foi escolhido com o objetivo de promover a educação sexual de jovens e adolescentes, visando como resultado a prevenção de IST’s e gravidez nessa população. Frente a essa problemática um estudo epidemiológico descritivo com análise quantitativa a respeito dos conhecimentos dos adolescentes relacionados a saúde sexual, coletado por meio de questionários aplicados pré e pós uma roda de conversa realizada com alunos do ensino fundamental, do oitavo e nono ano, de uma escola pública do estado do Pará. A partir disso, uma análise dos resultados identificou um aumento médio de 24% de acertos na turma de oitavo ano e 14% na turma de nono ano. Infere-se, portanto, que a prática de intervenção social do seguinte estudo obteve como resultado o incremento do conhecimento dos alunos sobre os assuntos abordados com base nos testes aplicados. A vista disso, é esperado que a partir dessa abordagem ocorra um impacto positivo na vida desses estudantes e de sua comunidade.

Prevalence of and factors associated with unplanned pregnancy among women in Koshu, Japan: cross-sectional evidence from Project Koshu, 2011\u20132016

BackgroundUnplanned pregnancy is a public health issue with adverse consequences for maternal and neonatal health. In Japan, the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was 46.2% in 2002. However, few studies have investigated this topic, and there is little recent data from Japan. We described and examined the prevalence and determinants of unplanned pregnancy among rural women in Japan from 2011 to 2016.MethodsWe used cross-sectional data from a community-based cohort study (Project Koshu). Data were collected from 2011 to 2016 via a self-report questionnaire included in the Maternal and Child Health Handbook of Japan. Pregnancy intention was measured as a binary variable (planned or unplanned). Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine factors associated with unplanned pregnancy, with results reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We conducted sensitivity analyses with different definitions of pregnancy intention to assess the robustness of the results. The significance level was set at 5%.ResultsOf the 932 participants (mean ± standard deviation age at baseline: 31.3 ± 5.2 years), 382 (41%) pregnancies were reported as unplanned. The multivariate analyses showed that maternal age (+ 1 year: OR = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92–0.97, p < 0.001), ‘other’ family structure (OR = 2.76, 95% CI: 1.12–6.76, p = 0.03), three or more pregnancies (OR = 2.26, 95% CI: 1.66–3.08, p < 0.001), current smoking (OR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.26–5.35, p = 0.01), balanced diet (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.47–0.83, p < 0.001) and current depression (OR = 1.63, 95% CI: 1.24–2.16, p < 0.001) were strongly associated with unplanned pregnancy. These associations were consistent across definitions of pregnancy intention, supporting the robustness of our results.ConclusionsThe prevalence of unplanned pregnancy in the study population was high (41%). Risk factors for unplanned pregnancy were age, number of pregnancies, smoking, having a balanced diet and current depression. These results suggest greater efforts are needed to enhance sex education for young people, improve access to family planning services and provide comprehensive health care for high-risk women to help reduce unplanned pregnancies.

‘No sex please!’ We have been labelled intellectually disabled

ABSTRACT This article aims to explore the sexual agency of young people over age 16 labelled as having an intellectual disability. We argue that 30 years of inclusive education have failed to address the question of sexuality education and agency for individuals with an intellectual disability. Contextualising the failure of contemporary sexuality education within schools, and drawing on concepts of subjectivity, the article deconstructs the presumed normalcy of able-bodied sexuality to highlight the inappropriateness of sex education for young people labelled with an intellectual disability. Using Crip theory, it illustrates how the intersectionality between ‘abled-bodied-ness’ and’ ‘heteronormativity’ converges to lead to the invisibility of individuals with intellectual disability, therefore reinforcing social exclusion from sex and sexuality as a key aspect of citizenship, specifically, the right to a safe and pleasurable sex life. An argument is made for a critical, andragogical approach to sexuality education offering a new paradigm for developing sexuality education to facilitate the sexual agency of individuals with intellectual disability.

Good sex matters: Pleasure as a driver of online sex education for young people

Background There are few documented examples of online sex education platforms that make an impact on young people’s sexual health and wellbeing, yet research shows that new media has enormous potential to be harnessed in this way. The same is true for a pleasure-positive approach to sex education curricula and programmes. This research provides empirical evidence from the Love Matters' websites in Mexico, Kenya, Nigeria, Egypt, and India to highlight the prevalence and importance of talking about pleasure-related topics with young people. Methodology Love Matters is an online sex education platform targeting seven countries and attracting 30 million website visits in 2018. We analysed data through Google Analytics to explore the difference between sex education-focused content and pleasure-focused content and how young people engage with different types of sexual health information on the Love Matters platforms. Results Pleasure-focused content is 1.5 times more popular than sex education-focused content across all platforms. However, education-focused content attracts more organic traffic, suggesting young people purposefully search for sexual health information online. Users generally spend longer on the site engaging with sex education-focused content than pleasure-focused content. Conclusion This research provides empirical evidence from five countries in the Global South to support the notion that young people are actively looking for sexual health information that covers the full scope of sexual experience and pleasure, including – but not limited to – the reduction of health risks. This paper furthers the efforts to adopt a pleasure-positive approach to both online and offline sex education interventions.

THE PROBLEM OF SEXUAL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE IN PEDAGOGICAL OPINION OF THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

The article is devoted to the problem of sexual education of children and young people at the beginning of the twentieth century and its reflection in socio-pedagogical sources. In the publication the author reveals the peculiarities of sexual education of children and youth of the highlighted period, highlights the purpose, objectives and content of sexual activity education. It is proved that the problem of the study bothered as foreign, as domestic scientists (O. Bernstein, A. Gamme, A. Mol, A. Forel, E. Stil). The value of pedagogical ideas and experience of outstanding ones is substantiated educators and scholars who have dedicated their work to the problem of sex education of young people. In particular, the article found that since the beginning of the twentieth century scientists insisted on the need for a scientific approach to sexual education, which had to be aimed at eliminating the deep-rooted at a society of prejudice about many aspects of sexual life. Research results. The beginning of the twentieth century is a difficult historical one a period which was characterized by the presence of sufficiently controversial scientifictheoretical approaches to the problem of sexual education of young people. These differences of opinion related to statesmen, psychologists, educators and medical professionals. Increased attention to this issue was explained simultaneous effect of a number of objective economic factors (intensive industrial development, urbanization, population migration), scientific (medicine, biology, psychology) and sociocultural (deepening social stratification, family crisis, weakening of the educational role of the church, development of the feminist movement) development. All this contributed to the actualization issues of sexual education at the beginning of the twentieth century. Accordingly, the educational system in the sexual aspect functioned within traditional approaches that could not withstand the intensive development of medical and psychological sciences, so tried to use them for their own purposes. Necessity maintaining chastity before marriage was no longer religious or traditional guidelines, and medical and biological factors. It is proved that already at the beginning of the first decade of the twentieth century. Teachers have come conclusion about the need for systematic sexual education. However, it is education should not have been separated from the education system at all. The study has been hypothesized that built correctly and ethically sex education at school or in higher education will increase the level of literacy and awareness of pupils / students with sexual health and sexual development. Therefore, the problem of children and youth’s sexual education is one of the most urgent and socially significant in scientific discourse. Key words: education, sexual education, sexual life, sexual education, paternity and motherhood.

ПИТАННЯ СТАТЕВОГО ВИХОВАННЯ МОЛОДІ ДОНЕЦЬКОГО РЕГІОНУ

&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D; Sex education is an integral part of the overall school and family upbringing process. One of the main tasks of modern domestic educational institutions is properly organized education in the sexual sphere. The goal of sexual education and preparation for family life should be the prevention and correction of major sexual behavior. The article presents the survey results on the issues of sexual education of young people in Donetsk region at the present stage. Problematic issues were identified regarding sexual education, contraception, family planning and obtaining information about sexually transmitted diseases based on an anonymous survey conducted by medical university students. The main directions of educational work concerning these issues are identified.&#x0D; &#x0D; &#x0D;

Good sex matters: Pleasure as a driver of online sex education for young people

Background There are few documented examples of online sex education platforms that make an impact on young people’s sexual health and wellbeing, yet research shows that new media has enormous potential to be harnessed in this way. The same is true for a pleasure-positive approach to sex education curricula and programmes. This research provides empirical evidence from the Love Matters' websites in Mexico, Kenya, Nigeria, Egypt, and India to highlight the prevalence and importance of talking about pleasure-related topics with young people. Methodology Love Matters is an online sex education platform targeting seven countries and attracting 30 million website visits in 2018. We analysed data through Google Analytics to explore the difference between sex education-focused content and pleasure-focused content and how young people engage with different types of sexual health information on the Love Matters platforms. Results Pleasure-focused content is 1.5 times more popular than sex education-focused content across all platforms. However, education-focused content attracts more organic traffic, suggesting young people purposefully search for sexual health information online. Users generally spend longer on the site engaging with sex education-focused content than pleasure-focused content. Conclusion This research provides empirical evidence from five countries in the Global South to support the notion that young people are actively looking for sexual health information that covers the full scope of sexual experience and pleasure, including – but not limited to – the reduction of health risks. This paper furthers the efforts to adopt a pleasure-positive approach to both online and offline sex education interventions.

Medical aspects of sexual education according to national and international guidelines

The prevention of early sexual life and its unwanted consequences is a worldwide problem. National and international surveys have shown that adolescents have their first sexual intercourse at a younger age. The study aimed to determine the way of sexual education of young people provided by physicians - general practitioners, paediatricians, obstetricians, gynaecologists etc. - in accordance with the results of a questionnaire-based study, the experiences gained during the interactive education and the suggestions of international guidelines dealing with sexual education. Self-administered questionnaire-based study was performed among 13-18-year-old girls attending primary or secondary school (N = 868) between 2009 and 2016. The sexual activity of adolescent girls, their knowledge related to contraception and sexually transmitted infectious diseases, gynaecological (e.g., cancer screening) experiences were measured before sexual education performed by a gynaecologist. Every 4th girl had the first sexual act at the age of 14 or before, but at the same time their sexual knowledge was incomplete and there was a significant proportion of those who already have had sex but have never had a gynaecological examination. The results highlighted the educational deficiencies of reproductive life, which is a complex task to solve, to address the changing approach of national healthcare and education systems, to adopt and follow scientific evidence-based guidelines. All health-care workers who are in contact with adolescents during their work must be involved in the sexual education. It is essential to continue incorporating sex education into education from early childhood to young adult age. Orv Hetil. 2019; 160(13): 494-501.

Vloga staršev in vzgoje za zdravje pri oblikovanju odgovornega spolnega vedenja

Uvod: Spolno vedenje je pogosto povezano z določenim zdravstvenim tveganjem, kar vključuje nizko spolno ozaveščenost, značilno za spolno vedenje mladih brez izkušenj. Namen raziskave je bil ugotoviti odnos učencev do spolnega vedenja ter vlogo staršev in spolne vzgoje pri zavedanju učencev o posledicah tveganega spolnega vedenja.Metode: Izvedena je bila kvantitativna neeksperimentalna metoda raziskovanja, s pomočjo strukturiranega vprašalnika na vzorcu 144 učencev ene izmed osnovnih šol na Gorenjskem, septembra 2013. Za analizo podatkov so bili uporabljeni opisna statistika, Mann Whitneyjev U-test, Kruskall – Wallisov test ter linearna večkratna regresijska analiza.Rezultati: Trditev »Kadar imam težave, mi družina nudi oporo« ima statistično značilen vpliv na pozitivno oblikovanje mnenj o spolnem vedenju (β = 0,259, p = 0,002). Ugotovili smo statistično pomemben vpliv zavedanja anketirancev o posledicah tveganega spolnega vedenja in proučevanih spremenljivk, kot sta »Spolna vzgoja pomaga pri razumevanju telesnih in čustvenih sprememb, ki jih prinaša puberteta (β = 0,089,p &lt; 0,001)« in »Pri prvem spolnem odnosu moram paziti, da sem zaščiten/-a« (β = 0,066, p = 0,001).Diskusija in zaključek: Anketirani učenci so dovzetni za ustvarjanje boljšega spolnega vedenja takrat, ko jim podporo - pogosto kot prvi vir - nudi družina. Spolna vzgoja predstavlja preventivo pred tveganim spolnim vedenjem. Gre za proces, v katerem posameznik pridobi informacije in oblikuje stališče / prepričanja o spolnosti, spolni identiteti, odnosih in intimnosti.

Various Aspects of Abortion and Related Policies in the World

Various Aspects of Abortion and Related Policies in the World

Pornography as a Source of Education About Sex and Sexuality Among a Sample of 15–29 Year Old Australians

Most young Australians are exposed to online pornography by the age of 16. Little is known of the impact of this on their sexual development and health. In this study we explored how young people use pornography as a source of education and information about sex, and the impact of this on their sexual development and health. 1029 young Australians (15–29 years), recruited via Facebook, completed an online survey in which 10 questions related to pornography. Those who had ever viewed pornography (n=856) were asked the open-ended question ‘How has pornography influenced your life?’. Qualitative responses (n=734) were thematically analysed. Results showed many participants saw pornography as a form of sexual education, by providing a first opportunity to “see genitals” and the “mechanics of sex”. Others used pornography to find “new positions” and “techniques” to practice in real life. Some found this education “helpful” and “liberating”; others noted it created problems in sexual expectations. Exposure to pornography both consciously and subconsciously influenced the development of sexual identities and preferences for many respondents. Viewing pornography had an impact on expectations of sex, pleasure, identity and on body image. For some this occurred as a result of a sexual partner’s expectations; however, for many this was a result of their own exposure. Many had a complex relationship with pornography, simultaneously recognising its utility for learning about sex and its negative impacts on their sexuality and wellbeing. The data illustrate the various ways in which pornography acts as a source of sex education for young people, particularly in the context of inadequate formal sex education.

Introduction: Sex Education in the Digital Era

Young people all over the world are keen to learn about sex and relationships but are not finding the information they seek in their immediate environment. The internet provides them with a welcome alternative. In response to the rapid increased connectivity of young people, international organisations that work on comprehensive sex education for young people have moved online. While there are new opportunities to reach young people in these digital spaces, sex educators also encounter restrictions. They face the immense power of new supranational commercial digital gatekeepers such as Facebook and Google and must respond to digitally mediated sexual and gender-based violence. This article introduces a special issue of the IDS Bulletin on experiences with internet‑based sex education in 14 countries. The authors explore how familiar forms of exclusion and inequality, as well as empathy and solidarity, manifest themselves in these new digital spaces in highly diverse national settings.

Who am I? 52 Tuesdays, intimacy and the search for an authentic life

Recent research shows that young people list media entertainment as one of the sources where they find information about what they really want to know about sex and what is not taught through the school curriculum – namely, relationships and eroticism. This paper addresses the potential role that may be played by small independent alternative feature films such as 52 Tuesdays in the sexual education of young people. While 52 Tuesdays’ purpose was never explicitly pedagogic, the subject matter – family relationships, sexual experimentation, sexual identity and agency, and transgender experience – situates it firmly within the concerns of contemporary young people.

STRATEGI PENANGGULANGAN HIV DAN AIDS DI KOTA SEMARANG

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a set of symptoms that arise due the decline in immunity. Semarang city as the capital city of Central Java province has the tendencies detection rate of HIV and AIDS cases that are increasing every year. Various programs have been implemented so far, but the results still have not seen due to several influence factors. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods to describe the situation of HIV and AIDS in the city of Semarang. There are several driving factors on the implementation of the program and the strategy are: the suitability of the vision and mission, the quality of human resources, factors conducive political, regulatory support, economic growth, as well as the use of technology. While the inhibiting factors, among others: the lack of budget, the absorption of financial resources less effective, negative stigma against people living with HIV, and the adverse effects of technology (pornography). After analyzing these factors, it has produced some of the recommendation in the response to HIV and AIDS in the city, which are: make strategic planning, improve coordination with NGOs and people living with HIV, involving the private sector and community participation in each program and activity, providing sex education for young people both within schools, colleges, and Karang Taruna.

Advice on life? Online fan forums as a space for peer-to-peer sex and relationships education

Previous research has pointed to the potential of entertainment media as a source of informal sex education for young people. New social media may offer additional potential in this respect. In this paper, we consider the pedagogical possibilities and limitations of online fan forums, via a case study of the forums of the controversial British teen drama series Skins. We analyse discussions of the realism of the series' representation of teenage life, and of specific issues (virginity, attractiveness and gay sexuality). We compare participants' discussions of their own experiences – in a section of the forum entitled ‘advice on life’ – with their discussions of the series and the characters. We find that the presentation of issues to do with sexuality sometimes challenges young people to engage in debate, and to move beyond established discourses. However, the value of the series in this respect depends crucially on its ‘openness’ – that is, its avoidance of fixed moral positions – and on its perceived plausibility and authenticity. The forum emerges as a new space for non-formal, peer-to-peer education that has limitations as well as new pedagogical possibilities.

Queer breeding: historicising popular culture, homosexuality and informal sex education

Through an analysis of gay protest music (1975) and an educational kit for students (1978), both sponsored by the Campaign for Homosexual Equality in the UK, this paper brings into focus a history of gay rights activists' efforts to marshal popular culture in the development of informal sex education for young people in the second half of the 1970s. Through a reparative critique of prevailing therapeutic research methodologies, and through a theoretical deployment of notions of methodological reconciliation and queer breeding, it makes the case for the importance of historical methods in contemporary sex education research.