Sewage Wastewater Research Articles

Adsorption behavior of antibiotics with different structures onto vivianite in the presence of dissolved organic matter during the phosphorus recovery process

Formation of vivianite is a promising strategy to recover phosphorus from urban sewage and livestock wastewater, in which both various antibiotics and dissolved organic matters are contained. In this study, the interaction relationship and mechanism between vivianite, antibiotics and DOM were analyzed through the variations of DOM and antibiotics concentrations in supernatant, combined with characterization analysis and theoretical calculation. It’s found that the adsorption of three kinds of antibiotics onto vivianite following the order: tetracycline (TC) (∼90%) > ciprofloxacin (CIP) (∼15%) > sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (∼5%). The presence of fulvic acid (FA) greatly enhanced the adsorption of CIP, SMX to about 90%, 17% respectively, while there was no significant change in the adsorption of TC probably due to its good adsorption in the absence of FA. Interestingly, further analysis demonstrated that the FA will enhance the adsorption of antibiotics to vivianite because of the non-bonding interaction between FA molecules adsorbed on the surface of vivianite and antibiotics, and make the vivianite form better crystal without significant influences on phosphorus recovery. In addition, this study found that the adsorption of different kinds of antibiotics by vivianite was significantly related to the molecular weight of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the actual livestock wastewater. Interestingly, the promotion of SMX adsorption is more likely to occur in the presence of DOM with small molecular weight (<5 kDa), while the introduction of DOM with larger molecular weight has greater promotion effect on CIP adsorption. The results gained in this study will expand the knowledge about the fate of antibiotics and recovery of phosphorus from urban sewage and livestock wastewater in the formation of vivianite.

Use of biomass for biofuel production

Plant biomass is the largest renewable energy source. Republic of Srpska and the Republic of Serbia are among the top European countries in terms of the amount of available and unused biomass. Biogas is a product obtained by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter with the help of a complex of microorganisms in biogas power plants. All types of biomass which contains carbohydrates, proteins, fats, cellulose and hemicellulose can be used to obtain biogas. In theoretical terms, biogas can be produced from any substrate of organic origin. Also, there are possibilities to combine different types of substrates in one biogas plant. However, there are technical or economic limitations to this, which is why it is best to use several types of substrates of different origins in practice. Depending on the physical state, substrates are divided into solid and liquid. Liquid substrates include sewage and various wastewaters with a significant content of organic matter, while solid substrates include manure, various types of silage, food waste, solid organic municipal waste and other types of organic waste. The special importance of the production and use of biogas, as a type of renewable energy source, is the prevention of emissions of methane, a gas that increases the greenhouse effect (the intensity is 23 times higher than carbon dioxide). Also, the use of biogas as a fuel, most often produces electricity, and thus contributes to the realization of the set goals of greater use of renewable energy sources. An additional positive impact is the reduction of the spread of unpleasant odors, prevention of soil and groundwater pollution. Positive socioeconomic effects are also being achieved, rural development is being encouraged, and human and material resources are being used better at the local level. When studying the possibilities of biogas production, the quantities and prices of individual substrates are first considered. Their characteristics are analyzed, which determine the potential for biogas production, and thus the size of the biogas plant. Only a small part of the liquid and solid biomass in the fermentation plant is transformed into biogas. The rest of this process needs to be taken care of and used in an adequate way. The rest of the fermentation is aby-product in the production of biogas, and it is most often used as a fertilizer. It contains plant nutrients and organic matter, and by returning to agricultural areas, it contributes to preserving the fertility of the land. One of the ways to use the rest of the fermentation is to produce pellets or briquettes after separation and drying, and to use it as a solid fuel. Thanks to the development of new technologies for processing bio-waste into energy, the rate of increase in the use of alternative fuels is growing significantly.

Sources of organic matter and carbon stocks in two mangrove sediment cores and surface sediment samples from Qinglan Bay, China

The carbon stocks (Corg stocks) in mangrove sediments and the distribution and source changes of sedimented organic matter in Qinglan Bay are not understood as the mangrove forests decrease. In this paper, we collected two sediment cores in the interior mangrove and 37 surface sediment samples from mangrove-fringe, tidal flat and subtidal habitats and then analysed the total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and the stable organic carbon isotope (δ13C) and nitrogen isotope (δ15N) in the sediment samples to obtain the organic matter sources and carbon stocks in two different mangrove sediment cores from Qinglan Bay. The δ13C and TOC/TN values showed that mangrove plants and algae were the main sources of organic matter. Relatively high contributions of mangrove plants (>50 %) were distributed in the mangrove areas in Wenchang estuary, the northern region of Bamen Bay and the eastern side of the Qinglan tidal inlet. The enriched δ15N values might be related to anthropogenic nutrient inputs, including increased aquaculture wastewater, human sewage and ship wastewater. The Corg stocks in cores Z02 and Z03 were 357.79 Mg C ha−1 and 265.78 Mg C ha−1, respectively. This Corg stock difference might have been related to the salinity and the benthos activities. The high Corg stock values measured in Qinglan Bay were caused by the mangrove maturity and stand age. The total Corg storage of the mangrove ecosystem in Qinglan Bay was estimated to be approximately 263.93 Gg C. This study contributes to organic carbon stocks and sources of sedimented organic matter in global mangroves.

Comparative assessment of heat recovery from treated wastewater in the district heating systems of the three capitals of the Baltic countries

Urban cities have a great potential for the sewage wastewater (WW) and treated WW but this heat resource is still underutilised in many European cities, including the three Baltic capitals of Tallinn, Riga, and Vilnius. The aim of this paper was to evaluate the integration of waste heat (WH) into a district heating (DH) system via absorption heat pumps by using key performance indicators (KPIs) in the fields of energy, environment, economy and social sphere in the three Baltic capitals. The paper presents a three-step methodology that develops an innovative multi-dimensional approach to energy poverty analysis and includes the three main drivers of energy poverty: fuel prices, household income, and energy efficiency. The paper shows that the integration of WH is economically feasible from the consumer's point of view and reduces energy poverty, especially when the price of fuel increases.

Microbial Fuel Cells in Generating Electricity from Sewage Wastewater

Microbial Fuel Cells in Generating Electricity from Sewage Wastewater

Microbial Fuel Cells in Generating Electricity from Sewage Wastewater Sona Elizabeth Binoy, Harsh Pipalia, Akil Anand, Smriti Bose, Savaram Sai Saatvika

Microbial Fuel Cells in Generating Electricity from Sewage Wastewater Sona Elizabeth Binoy, Harsh Pipalia, Akil Anand, Smriti Bose, Savaram Sai Saatvika

The interaction of tide and river flow on water quality in Hai Phong coastal waters (Lach Huyen - Do Son) drawn from field observation

This paper presents the results of a study on the impacts of the interaction of tide and river flow on water quality at the Hai Phong coastal water, outside the Nam Trieu estuary and Lach Huyen, drawn from field observation from October 14, 2022, to October 17, 2022. During the field observation, the dissolved oxygen concentration was measured, and water samples were taken at the surface, mid-depth, and bottom of 8 observational points at 1:00, 7:00, 13:00, and 19:00 h. Five sewage wastewater samples at Do Son coast and 6 coastal and river water samples were also taken. The collected seawater samples were laboratory analyzed to determine the concentration of BOD5, COD, TN, and TP. Additionally, the concentration of ions NH4+, NO2-, NO3-, and PO43- are determined by analyzing collected coastal, river, and sewage water samples and seawater samples at mid-depth at all observational points in a laboratory. It was found that the concentration of essential nutrients and other environmental components in wastewater samples generally does not exceed those specified in Vietnam regulations. The discharge of wastewater during the field observation was minimal. Thus it could be expected that the wastewater would not have a notable influence on seawater quality in the marine study area. Consequently, the study area’s primary source of nutrient pollutants was rivers. Time variation of the concentration of environmental components reveals that the nutrient concentration in the marine study area strongly influences by the interaction of the tide and river flow. The concentration of dissolved oxygen and major nutrient components in seawater at 8 points was within the limit of Vietnam standard for coastal water. However, significant nutrient concentration exceeds thresholds for eutrophication.

Effect of Sewage Wastewater on the Growth of Microalga-Arthrospira platensis (Nordstedt)

This study presents the effect of sewage waste water on the growth of microalga Arthrospira platensis using appropriate standard methods. The results showed that different concentrations of sewage waste water affected the growth of Arthrospira platensis. A comparison of the growth responses of the different treatments revealed that there was significant difference (p&lt;0.05) with the control (0%) and 5% treatments having the highest mean values for growth when compared with other treatments. Among the different treatments, 30% treatment had the highest inhibitive effect on the growth of the test microalga while growth was stimulated in control (0%) and 5% treatments. The highest growth inhibition was observed in 30% treatment. Total dissolved solids, conductivity and pH showed significant increase in all treatments while there was a decrease in temperature and biological oxygen demand. A reduction in chemical oxygen demand was also observed in all treatments.

Sanitation and Diarrheal Diseases in the Coastal Areas of the Abeli District in Kendari City

In 2019, in the coastal areas of the Abeli District, 275 toddlers suffered from diarrhea. In 2020, 132 toddlers experienced diarrhea. There were 220 sufferers in 2021 and 192 sufferers in January-September of 2022. This study aimed to describe the areas where diarrheal disease was prevalent in the coastal regions of Abeli district, Kendari City, in 2022. The study used a survey based on the health report data of Abeli Public Health Center in 2022. In addition, patients with diarrhea at the Abeli Public Health Center were also studied. The data was presented in the form of graphs and narratives. It was concluded that there was no relationship between the incidence of diarrhea and latrines. All latrines in the area met the requirements. There was a relationship between diarrhea and the Wastewater Sewer (WWS). This was because many WWSs still did not meet the standard requirements, which increased the risk of diarrhea among toddlers.&#x0D; Keywords: Sanitation, Diarrhea, Coastal Area

Assessment of heavy metals contamination and ecological risks in coastal sediments of the Mediterranean seashore

Seawater pollution from sewage is associated with many environmental risks, which pose threat to marine organisms and human life. Nine heavy metals were determined at 22 georeferenced stations along the Mediterranean seashore, Egypt, including four major cities (Ras El-Bar, New Damietta, Gamasa, and New Mansoura), that are characterized by high anthropogenic activities. The results demonstrated high heavy metals levels in Gammasa, followed by Ras El-Bar and New Damietta cities. The heavy metals’ abundance was found in sequence of Fe > Mn > Cr > Zn > Co > Pb > Cu > Ni > Cd. Zinc concentrations showed lower levels than threshold effect level (TEL), while Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr and showed lower values. Also, Zn concentration was lower than LEL, while Pb, Ni, Cu, Cr, and Cd showed lower values. The concentrations of Pb and Zn were lower than effects range low (ERL), while Ni, Cu, Cr, and Cd showed values. Regarding Cd, 18.18% of samples were higher than effects range median (ERM) that reflect adverse effects on organisms at these sites. The order of EF was Cd > Co > Pb > Cr > Zn > Cu > Mn > Ni. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) was Cr > Ni > Pb > Zn > Mn > Cu suggesting that sediments are not polluted by these metals, while Igeo of Cd is -0.84 reflecting moderate contamination with Cd. According to contamination factor (Cf) and degree of contamination (Dc) data, Gamasa city was the most contaminated, followed by Ras El-Bar, New Damietta, and New Mansoura cities. This can be attributed to various anthropogenic activities and industrial effluents that are discharged into different drains before pouring into seawater. Policymakers must take into account strict laws and regulations to limit unmanaged industrial activities, especially those causing pollution from sewage and industrial wastewater.

Production strategies and potential repercussion of sewage sludge biochar as a futuristic paradigm toward environmental beneficiation: A comprehensive review

AbstractThe generation of sewage wastewater is unavoidable due to the continual increase in the global population that paves the way to appropriate disposal management. Sewage wastewater treatment and consequent generation of sewage sludge (SS) are well connected with global environmental issues. Upon risk assessment on different SS disposal methods, converting SS into biochar, that is, sewage sludge biochar, can be recommendable management. It is well‐proven for excellent positive impacts, such as nutrient enhancement, and healthier plant growth, and mitigates the emissions of greenhouse gases while amending with agricultural soil. However, the outcome features of SSB significantly vary with pyrolysis temperature and its elemental constituents. In addition, many studies revealed that the process temperature is key to responsible for the desirable properties and functioning of SSB. In this context, many countries support to the development of a futuristic strategy for SS management toward producing SSB and its utilization in agriculture. This review compiles studies into SSB's ability to promote a sustainable effect on the total worldwide output volume. Furthermore, the generation of SSB is also analyzed from a socioeconomic standpoint in relation to other common SS disposal management strategies.

An Assessment of the Effect of Pollution on Zooplanktons in Calabar Great Kwa River, Nigeria

Aim: Zooplanktons in the Calabar Great Kwa River were studied to assess the effect of pollution from human activities around the river on their respective abundance.&#x0D; Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected at the Esuk Atu and Esuk Atimbo stations of the Calabar Great Kwa River. Identification of Zooplanktons was carried out at the Laboratory of the Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.&#x0D; Methodology: Collected samples were preserved, transferred to the laboratory, identified using a dissecting microscope and classified according to their different taxonomical groups.&#x0D; Results: The Results showed that zooplankton abundance and distribution recorded in the stations were low due to pollution and interference from high human activities around the river such as domestic solid wastes, sewage waste waters, industrial effluents, pesticides, sand mining activities, hydrocarbons and other toxic substances. In Esuk Atu, the total abundance of zooplanktons in the periods of sampling were 12, 6, 3 and 11, while the numbers of taxa represented in the periods of sampling were 4, 3, 1 and 4. In Esuk Atimbo, the total abundance of zooplanktons in the periods of sampling were 7, 5, 9 and 10 while the numbers of taxa represented in the periods of sampling were 3, 3, 3 and 2. The zooplankton taxa identified in station 1(Esuk Atu) are Cladoceran (38%), Ostracoda (22%), Copepoda (19%), Rotifera (12%), Lepidoptera (6%) and Protozoa (3%). The zooplankton taxa identified in station 2 (Esuk Atimbo) are Copepoda (26%), Cladoceran (23%), Nemata (23%), Lepidoptera (16%), Rotifera (6%), Polycheata (3%) and Paguridae (3%).&#x0D; Conclusion: These findings necessitate the need for the regulation and control of pollution from human activities around the Calabar Great Kwa River so as to ensure that the river is free from harmful contaminants thereby preserving the zooplanktons and other relevant organisms.

Degradation profiling of in-vitro-produced polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesized by the soil bacterium Bacillus sp. PhNs9 under different microenvironments

Polyhydroxyalkanoates have been proven to be one of the best alternatives for synthetic plastics due to the similarity in their properties. The current study is focused on the natural degradation of the in vitro-produced PHA by the strain Bacillus sp. PhNs9. Different microenvironments were created to mimic different terrestrial and aqueous ecosystems. Maximum degradation of 98.62% was obtained in the soil while, in the case of aqueous systems, maximum degradation of 89.75% was found in the sewage wastewater in 30 days. The degradation profile of PHA was studied at different temperatures, pH, and moisture contents to ensure the degradation of produced PHA in different geographical locations having different environmental conditions. Different equations were obtained through a polynomial fitting for the prediction of degradation percentage at different conditions. The films were characterized using FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, drop shape analysis, and XRD which confirmed the decrease in both hydrophobicity and crystallinity of the films after degradation. This study established the natural degradation of the PHA produced by Bacillus sp. PhNs9 which could be commercialized without concerns about its accumulation in the environment.

Radiation Degradation Mechanism of some Pesticides in Sewage Wastewater

Radiation Degradation Mechanism of some Pesticides in Sewage Wastewater

A STUDY ONANTI-MICROBIAL RESISTANTENVIRONMENTAL BACTERIA FROM AURANGABAD CITY MUNICIPAL AREA MAHARASHTRA, INDIA

With rapid industrial development and progress of civilization, the problem of increase in waste generation becomes more complex in urban areas like Aurangabad fastest growing city in Asia in Marathwada, Maharashtra in India. In this study,we explorethe diversityofbacteriainsewagewastewater withthe assessment oftheantibiotic resistance of the isolated bacteria. The water samples: sewage wastewater was collectedfrominaround the Aurangabad City of Maharashtra, India, and was processed for isolation, which was characterized for identificationfollowingphenotypictechniques.A total of 09 bacteria were isolated from the sewage samples studied, among which 3 were gram-negative and 06 were gram-positive. Our present study evidently revealed that thesewageasconfirmedinthecurrentstudy,the growth ofgram-positive rods shape cocci, and evengram-negative rods too in which the diversity of gram-positivebacteria was found greater, as we compared to the gram-negative bacteria.Thesebacteria isolateshave the potential to cause infections andpossess varied antibiotic resistance. Thus,thisisimperativefortheregularvigilanceofsuchwastewaterbacteriatocombatbacterialmultipleantibioticresistance. We can conclude that the useful bacteria might be isolated from the Aurangabad city area which will be helpful for bioconversion of sewage/solid waste management.

Potential of Azolla pinnata for phytoremidiation of sewage waste water

Potential of Azolla pinnata for phytoremidiation of sewage waste water

Phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of microbial communities performing anaerobic ammonium and methane oxidations under different nitrogen loadings

The microbial guild coupling anammox and nitrite/nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation (n-DAMO) is an innovative process to achieve energy-efficient nitrogen removal with the beneficial use of methane in biogas or in anaerobically treated wastewater. Here, metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were used to reveal the microbial ecology of two biofilm systems, which incorporate anammox and n-DAMO for high-level nitrogen removal in low-strength domestic sewage and high-strength sidestream wastewater, respectively. We find that different nitrogen loadings (i.e., 0.1 vs. 1.0 kg N/m3/d) lead to different combinations of anammox bacteria and anaerobic methanotrophs (“Candidatus Methanoperedens” and “Candidatus Methylomirabilis”), which play primary roles for carbon and nitrogen transformations therein. Despite methane being the only exogenous organic carbon supplied, heterotrophic populations (e.g., Verrucomicrobiota and Bacteroidota) co-exist and actively perform partial denitrification or dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), likely using organic intermediates from the breakdown of methane and biomass as carbon sources. More importantly, two novel genomes belonging to “Ca. Methylomirabilis” are recovered, while one surprisingly expresses nitrate reductases, which we designate as “Ca. Methylomirabilis nitratireducens” representing its inferred capability in performing nitrate-dependent anaerobic methane oxidation. This finding not only suggests a previously neglected possibility of “Ca. Methylomirabilis” bacteria in performing methane-dependent nitrate reduction, and also challenges the previous understanding that the methane-dependent complete denitrification from nitrate to dinitrogen gas is carried out by the consortium of bacteria and archaea.

Flow rate impact on the performance of immobilized nanoFeCu for sewage treatment and its reusability

AbstractAmmonia pollution is a global issue, and it endangers human and aquatic life. The role of nanoFeCu in oxidizing ammonia has been identified, but its practicality and performance on the pilot scale are still unclear. This study was conducted to investigate immobilized nanoFeCu's performance in terms of ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total suspended solid (TSS) by using sewage as feed. The effect of sewage flow rate was studied to determine the optimum operating condition of a pilot‐scale reactor. The reusability test was conducted to address sustainability concerns. The nanoFeCu was synthesized, immobilized in polymer clay, and placed into the reactor filled with sewage at a varied flow rate of from 210 to 1200 mL/min. Results showed that a higher sewage flow rate increased the ammonia removal rate within a shorter time but exhausted the immobilized nanoFeCu at a higher rate. Nitrate, nitrite, and TSS have a similar removal trend as ammonia. 800 mL/min was identified as the optimum flow rate with effluent ammonia concentration below 10 ppm in 9 h and maintained for 12 h. A reusability study showed that immobilized nanoFeCu could be reused for at least 10 successive cycles. The stability and performance of immobilized nanoFeCu suggested that it could be an alternative to treat sewage wastewater for real‐life applications.

A theoretical analysis on the operating and design parameters affecting the performance of a sewage wastewater sourced heat pump system

Sewage wastewater heat exchanger (SWHE) has a significant role in the performance of sewage wastewater sourced heat pump (SWSHP) system as it provides to transfer the energy of wastewater to intermediary fluid or working fluid. Thus, a theoretical analysis of the SWSHP system was carried out to investigate the effects of SWHE design parameters on the system ’s performance. For this purpose, a simulation program based on the proposed mathematical model of the SWSHP system was developed in MATLAB. Afterward, the indirect type SWSHP system that can meet 50 kW heating load was theoretically designed. The influences of SW temperature, its mass flow rate, the inner diameter of the heat exchanger tube, and intermediary fluid mass flow rate on the performance of the designed SWSHP system were analyzed. The results indicate that variation of SW temperature affects the COPsys more than the variation of SW mass flow rate. Considering the ranges of parameters investigated, the COPsys raises from 2.56 to 4.51 and 2.89 to 4.27 with the variations of SW temperature and SW flow rate, respectively. Moreover, an increase in the intermediary fluid mass flow rate provides an improvement on the COPsys and COPunit. However, SWSHP performance is adversely affected by the increasing value of the inner diameter of the tubes. As a result, small changes in the design parameters of the SWHE directly affect the system performance and system operating conditions.

Fly ash derived Nano-zeolite for Removal of Nitrate, Sulphate and Phosphate from Industrial Effluent

The higher concentrations of nitrate, sulphate and phosphate (NSP) are leading to eutrophication in water bodies. It is very essential to control the inflow of these eutrophication nutrients to avoid eutrophication of water bodies. In the present study investigation, nano-zeolites are synthesized using fly ash via hydrothermal route for simultaneous removal of nutrients from the industrial wastewater. The crystallographic and morphological studies by FE-SEM, XRD and FTIR confirm the formation of nano-zeolites. The effect of adsorption parameters on nitrate, sulphate and phosphate (NSP) was studied by the batch adsorption process. The equilibrium time was 70 min for nitrate and 90 min for sulphate and phosphate. The maximum adsorption occurred at neutral pH and adsorbent dose 800 mg/L. The R2 values for the pseudo-second-order equation for the adsorption process were 0.994, 0.996 and 0.998 for nitrate, sulphate and phosphate respectively. The exothermic reaction between adsorbent and adsorbate was indicated as the adsorption study obeys the Langmuir isotherm. The effective removal of NSP by nano-zeolite demonstrates a great potential for industrial and domestic sewage wastewater treatment. The application of this technology to the waste-carrying nutrients will help to avoid the eutrophication of natural water resources.