Severity Of Mild Cognitive Impairment Research Articles

Relationships between Serum Lipid, Uric Acid Levels and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy.

Mild cognitive impairment is one of the non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Few studies have previously been conducted on the correlation between serum uric acid (SUA) and lipid levels and mild cognitive impairment in PD and MSA. Participants included 149 patients with PD and 99 patients with MSA. The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were used to evaluate cognitive function. Evaluations were conducted on SUA and lipid levels, which included triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC). Patients with PD and MSA diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment demonstrated multiple cognitive domain impairment when compared with patients with normal cognition. Attentional impairment was more pronounced in patients with MSA when compared with PD (p = 0.001). In PD, the risk of mild cognitive impairment was lower in the highest quartiles and secondary quartile of SUA than in the lowest quartiles (odds ratio [OR] = 0.281, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.097-0.810, p = 0.019; and OR = 0.317, 95% CI: 0.110-0.911, p = 0.033). In MSA, the risk of mild cognitive impairment was lower in the third and highest quartile of SUA than in the lowest quartile (OR = 0.233, 95% CI: 0.063-0.868, p = 0.030; and OR = 0.218, 95% CI: 0.058-0.816, p = 0.024). In patients with PD, the MoCA scores were negatively correlated with TC levels (r = -0.226, p = 0.006) and positively correlated with SUA levels (r = 0.206, p = 0.012). In MSA, the MoCA scores were positively correlated with SUA levels (r = 0.353, p = 0.001). Lower SUA levels and higher TC levels are a possible risk factor for the risk and severity of mild cognitive impairment in PD. Lower SUA levels are a possible risk factor for the risk and severity of mild cognitive impairment in MSA.

Association of Dual Sensory Impairment with Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Introduction: The prevalence of hearing and visual impairment (HI and VI) and dual sensory impairment (DSI), which is a combination of both, is increasing as the population ages. These sensory impairments are expected to increase the cognitive load of information processing from hearing and vision and impair appropriate cognitive processing. Although an association between DSI and cognitive decline has been reported, a more detailed study of the effects on each cognitive domain is required. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of self-reported sensory impairment in community-dwelling older adults and to examine the impact of DSI on the severity of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and on each cognitive domain (memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed). Methods: The participants were recruited from a sub-cohort of the National Center for Geriatric Gerontology-Study on Geriatric Syndromes (NCGG-SGS) conducted by the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology. We included 4,471 community-dwelling older adults (age: 75.9 ± 4.3 years; females: 52.3%) who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The HI and VI were identified using a self-report questionnaire. Cognitive and other parameters were also assessed by trained staff. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between the presence of HI and VI and the severity of MCI, and functional decline in each cognitive domain. Results: DSI was identified in 11.4% of community-dwelling older adults. Regarding sensory impairment and MCI severity, the odds ratio (OR) for single-domain MCI was significantly higher in VI (OR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.06–1.61), and the OR for multiple-domain MCI was significantly higher in DSI (OR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.10–2.29). In relation to the four cognitive domains, ORs for impaired executive function were higher for VI and DSI (VI, OR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.09–1.72. DSI, OR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.06–1.81). DSI also exhibited a higher odds ratio for reduced processing speed (OR: 2.03; 95% CI: 1.42–2.91). Discussion/Conclusion: DSI is predicted to increase as the population ages and is associated with various health problems. Further, DSI has been reported to decrease quality of life, which needed to establish appropriate treatment and prevention measures.

Severity of mild cognitive impairment in early Parkinson's disease contributes to poorer quality of life.

BackgroundPoor quality of life (QoL) is a feature of people with Parkinson's disease (PD) who develop dementia. The relationship between mild cognitive impairment in PD (PD-MCI) and QoL is less clear. To address this, we studied the impact of varying severities of cognitive impairment on QoL in a cohort of non-demented patients with early PD.MethodPatients with newly diagnosed PD (n = 219) and age and sex matched healthy controls (n = 99) completed a schedule of neuropsychological tests, in addition to scales assessing QoL (PDQ-39), depression, sleep, neuropsychiatric symptoms and a clinical examination. The Movement Disorder Society criteria were used to define and classify PD-MCI.ResultsParticipants with PD-MCI were significantly older than those with normal cognition, had more severe motor symptoms, scored higher for depression and had poorer quality of life. Logistic regression showed that mild cognitive impairment, independent of other factors, was an indicator of poorer QoL. Using cognitive performance 2.0 standard deviations (SD) below normative data as a cut-off to define PD-MCI, there was a significant difference in QoL scores between patients with PD-MCI and those classified as having normal cognition. Subjects with less severe mild cognitive impairment did not exhibit significant differences in QoL.ConclusionsPD-MCI is a significant, independent factor contributing to poorer QoL in patients with newly diagnosed PD. Those classified with greatest impairment (2.0 SD below normal values) have lower QoL. This has implications for clinical practice and future interventions targeting cognitive impairments.

Non-adherence to antihypertensive medication and impaired cognition: which comes first?

Antihypertensive medications are important in the prevention of serious consequences of hypertension, such as stroke and heart failure. Up to one-third of elderly hypertensive patients, however, do not adhere to their medication. Adherence to medication decreases with increasing age, and with decreasing cognitive ability, thus elderly, cognitively-impaired patients have poorer control of blood pressure. Good control of blood pressure is associated with decreased prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. This study assessed the evidence that antihypertensive medications have effects on the prevalence or severity of mild cognitive impairment, dementia or Alzheimer's disease. The ISI Web of Knowledge database was searched; including replicates, the nine searches identified 14400 publications since 1952, of which 9.9% had been published in 2009. This review considers the 18 studies meeting the set criteria published in 2009 or later. Not all antihypertensive medications are equivalent in their positive cognitive effects, with brain-penetrating angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and possibly angiotensin receptor antagonists being the most effective. Based on evidence of blood-pressure control and cost, UK National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence guidelines recommend calcium-channel blockers or thiazide-type diuretics for the treatment of hypertension in patients over 55 years. These guidelines take no account of the potential cognitive effects of the antihypertensive therapies, consideration of which might lead to a review. There may be benefit in stressing that adherence to antihypertensive medication not only decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease and death, but may also decrease the risk or severity of mild cognitive impairment, dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Severity of mild cognitive impairment is a predictor of conversion to dementia: The canton ticino study

Severity of mild cognitive impairment is a predictor of conversion to dementia: The canton ticino study

1410 Usefulness of the Auditory Event-Related Potentials (AERP's) in identifying the severity of mild cognitive impairment

1410 Usefulness of the Auditory Event-Related Potentials (AERP's) in identifying the severity of mild cognitive impairment