Several Parts Of Body Research Articles

The Moral Illicitness of Relying Solely on Neurological Criteria for the Determination of Death: A Catholic Response to "Brain Death".

This paper presents the biological, philosophical, and theological arguments against "brain death" or death determined strictly through neurological criteria. It is rooted in a realistic, Thomistic metaphysical and anthropological view of the human person and the objective reality of death. Part I of the paper reviews the medical evidence that the bodies of those declared brain death are alive and makes clear that the bodies of "brain dead" patients are not biologically analogous to severed body parts. Part II presents the philosophical and theological argument that it is impossible to be a live human being and not a person. Since then those declared brain dead are somatically alive, they are live human persons with the right to life and cannot be subject to the extraction of vital, unpaired organs, since this would violate the dead donor rule. Part III reviews why the Magisterium has not unconditionally approved the determination of death through neurological criteria, and why it would be within the competence of the Magisterium to preclude medical professionals from determining death strictly through neurological criteria. The paper argues that there should be a ban on all vital, unpaired organ donation from "brain dead" donors.

Flatworm behaviour: Pieces behaving like wholes

Planarians can regenerate from severed body parts. A new study shows that very soon after amputation and before regeneration can happen each piece behaves as a whole organism with distinct responses between head, middle, and tail regions.

“Poor creature, trapped in existential solitude forever”: Gothic Dreams of the Uncanny, Repetition, Temporal Loops, and the Double in <em>The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina</em>

“Poor creature, trapped in existential solitude forever”: Gothic Dreams of the Uncanny, Repetition, Temporal Loops, and the Double in <em>The Chilling Adventures of Sabrina</em>

3D Bio-print: A Socio Ethical View of Bioprinting Human Organs and Tissue Structuring

Objectives: To analyse fabrication of artificial tissues and organs for future transplants, to identify effectiveness of 3D bio printing in operating various medical issues and to resolve the patients-specific cancer or relevant diseases through proper therapy. Methods/Statistical Analysis: This report is also consisting of the debates from various authors will be helpful for making effective determination of all operations. However, this thematic analysis will be helpful in bringing a clear view over this bio-engineering technique. However, in the recent time, there have been influences of various techniques and methods for developing and restructuring the organ such as artificial leg, hand and several parts of body. Findings: As per analyzing the applied technique for detruding the t-test statistics on which it can be said that, the t value is 4.97, sig. 2 tailed is 0.001. Therefore, the p value is less than 0.05 which insist that, there is a significant mean difference between 3D bio printing and development in medical facilities. And One-way ANOVA: To analyze outcomes based on dependent variable and independent variable on which hypothesis has been addressed. Thus, as per the signification value which is 0.610 as more than p value (0.05)? Thus, it can be said that, there is no significant mean difference between 3D bio printing and development in medical facilities. Application/Improvements: The gathered data was analysed by implicating statistical tool which brings positive outcomes. Therefore, implication of this technique will be helpful in resolving medical issues. Keywords: Bio-print, Bio-engineering, Organs, Socio ethical, Tissue Structuring

Comemadre by Roque Larraquy

Roque Larraquy Comemadre Trans. Heather Cleary. Minneapolis. Coffee House Press. 2018. 152 pages. Comemadre begins in 1907 in Buenos Aires. A doctor at a sanatorium is in love with a nurse. Other doctors are also in love with the nurse. Other doctors have built a contraption to sever the heads of unwitting (and then willing) patients. The doctors have a theory: if the head can live for a few moments after being severed, perhaps it can see into the afterlife. The aforementioned head-chopper is fitted with a device to allow the heads to talk. The doctors record the results. There are moments in the first half of this novella that ache with a kind of horrifying melancholy. The first to lose her head, for example, is a young patient of the sanatorium. She has wanted to die, the logic goes, so why not put her out of her misery? Then her bereaved lover follows suit. Then there’s a plan, and the heads really begin to roll. Throughout it all our narrator , Quintana, keeps his focus on the nurse. The doctors are mostly unfazed by the large-scale murder. A scene toward the end of the first section, in which a great number of decapitations yield brief descriptions of post-severed utterances, is the highlight of the book. It’s sad, funny, and pitchperfect . The 1907 portion ends on a dark, accurate note, and one can’t help but wonder if the book would have greatly improved from simply ending there. The second half of the novella jumps forward in time a hundred years. A performance artist and his look-alike stage shows featuring severed body parts, eventually their own. It’s in this second half that Larraquy seems to lose a bit of focus. Whereas the 1907 half is darkly comic and focused, the 2009 half feels like it’s falling apart page by page. Which, when put into the context of degeneration and severing and corporeal decay, makes a bit of artistic sense. Comemadre seems to be circling around a point within its second half. Instead of sociopathic doctors scheming to trick people into giving up their heads Ursula K. Le Guin with David Naimon Conversations on Writing Tin House Books In this small, beautifully crafted book, the conversations range from style to point of view to genre to why we should use “they” as singular. Included are excerpts from the writers Ursula K. Le Guin and David Naimon discuss , excerpts from her own work, her own translation of Gabriela Mistral, and the diagram of a sentence from George Orwell’s 1984 during a discussion of rhythm. Together, Le Guin and Naimon demonstrate engagement at its finest. Claudio Magris Journeying Trans. Anne Milano Appel Yale University Press Claudio Magris, Italian writer, wanderer , and professor, presents this collection of essays written over the course of his years of travel. His travels have taken him across the world, and each of these essays is titled after where it was written as well as the inspiration that called it forth, giving easy mile-markers to an academic but eclectic volume. Nota Bene WORLDLIT.ORG 79 for science, we have artists dispassionately utilizing those parts for art. The attempt to connect the two falls flat. At one point we discover that a “modern-day” character is in fact related to Quintana. An artist wants to build a system of guillotines based on plans he’s found from the old sanatorium. It feels, paradoxically, simultaneously like being fed a cliché and not quite getting what the book is trying to say. With clear prose, dark humor, and a sense of humanity tucked behind all the morbidity, Comemadre is an uneven novella with one classic scene and a grim reminder of the disintegration of the body and the even quicker decay of the morality of powerful men. J. David Osborne El Paso, Texas Margarita García Robayo Fish Soup Trans. Charlotte Coombe. Edinburgh. Charco Press. 2018. 226 pages. Having garnered the praise of Juan Cárdenas and Juan Villoro, young Colombian author Margarita García Robayo is being published for the first time in English in a three-part volume entitled Fish Soup...

Subhuman Remainders: The Unbuilt Subject in Francis Bacon’s “Study of a Baboon”, Jan Švankmajer’s <em>Darkness, Light, Darkness</em>, and Patricia Piccinini’s “The Young Family”

Subhuman Remainders: The Unbuilt Subject in Francis Bacon’s “Study of a Baboon”, Jan Švankmajer’s <em>Darkness, Light, Darkness</em>, and Patricia Piccinini’s “The Young Family”

Why Can’t We See Insurgents? Enmity, Invisibility, and Counterinsurgency in Iraq and Afghanistan

This essay invites reflection on the peculiar paucity of photographic images of the enemy in counterinsurgency wars. Drawing parallels between Iraq and Afghanistan and earlier wars prosecuted by American forces in the Philippines, the British in Malaya and Kenya, and the French in Algeria, I suggest striking visual continuities. Photography has long exhibited a certain affinity for atrocity, whether in revealing the aftermath of “terrorist” attacks or exhibiting abuse of detainees—exposure that has occurred both with and without official state sanction. Since the late 1890s, photographic depictions of “insurgent suspects” have abounded. Likewise, colonial history offers several precursors to recent scandals involving soldiers posing with corpses and severed body parts. Yet images of insurgents as living beings have been, and remain, scarce. How do we explain this photographic lacuna and its persistence into the digital age? This essay proposes that resistance has multiple sources that exceed straightforward state prohibition on certain kinds of image making, suggesting a more deeply rooted refusal to acknowledge the humanity of singularly stigmatized enemies.

“Groaning Shadows that are Gone”: The Ghosts of Titus Andronicus

Titus Andronicus is a play concerned with bodily dismemberments and other “unspeakable” acts, which, under the framework of revenge tragedy, refuse to be forgotten. What is lost from the world of the play always, in effect, seems to return, haunting characters and playgoers alike in the form of apparitions not yet laid to rest, severed body parts that return to the space of the stage, and language itself that, however inarticulate or unspeakable the act, serves to remind us of what was present before: “O, handle not the theme, to talk of hands, / Lest we remember still that we have none” (3.2.29–30). This paper examines the representation of ghosts in Shakespeare's early Roman play, exploring how perpetrators of violent acts and violated bodies are haunted by spectral returns, and to what end. Although not often commented on by critics, Titus's ghosts allow us to gain new insights on the play's textual and theatrical bodies, for, despite the centrality of Lavinia's body in the play's feminist criticism, it is in fact the male body, not Lavinia's, that is most haunted by “groaning shadows that are gone” (1.1.126).

Experimentally induced metamorphosis in axolotls reduces regenerative rate and fidelity.

While most tetrapods are unable to regenerate severed body parts, amphibians display a remarkable ability to regenerate an array of structures. Frogs can regenerate appendages as larva, but they lose this ability around metamorphosis. In contrast, salamanders regenerate appendages as larva, juveniles, and adults. However, the extent to which fundamental traits (e.g., metamorphosis, body size, aging, etc.) restrict regenerative ability remains contentious. Here we utilize the ability of normally paedomorphic adult axolotls (Ambystoma mexicanum) to undergo induced metamorphosis by thyroxine exposure to test how metamorphosis and body size affects regeneration in age‐matched paedomorphic and metamorphic individuals. We show that body size does not affect regeneration in adult axolotls, but metamorphosis causes a twofold reduction in regeneration rate, and lead to carpal and digit malformations. Furthermore, we find evidence that metamorphic blastemal cells may take longer to traverse the cell cycle and display a lower proliferative rate. This study identifies the axolotl as a powerful system to study how metamorphosis restricts regeneration independently of developmental stage, body size, and age; and more broadly how metamorphosis affects tissue‐specific changes.

Heads Will Roll: Decapitation in the Medieval and Early Modern Imagination

Heads Will Roll: Decapitation in the Medieval and Early Modern Imagination

PERBAIKAN FASILITAS KERJA MEMBATIK DENGAN PENDEKATAN ERGONOMI UNTUK MENGURANGI MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS

Small and middle enterprises have been the important part of the economic of a nation or a local. Karang Write-Batik is one industrial center which is located at Karang Village, Semanding Subdistrict, Tuban District. Early observation shows that various processes within the production of Write-Batik are conducted without considering ergonomic aspects, such as work method and work facility. It may result in complaint and even muscle injury which is called Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSD’s) Many pronlem of pain perceived by workers are caused by less ergonomic work position or work posture. It may also be evident because the less correspondence between work equipment and workers’ anthropometry size. To measure workers’ musculoskeletal injured, the author uses Standard Nordic Questionnaire (SNQ) and to assess work posture, Quick Exposure Check (QEC) is used. The reduction of workers’ musculoskeletal injuredt can be realized by improving work facility based on workers’ anthropometry size. Result of early measurement of exposure level of several parts of body indicates that the exposure level of the back is 26, while that of the arm is 30, that of the hand wrist is 26, and that of the neck is 16. After the improvement of work facility, workers’ complaint is reduced and so is exposure level. The exposure level with the improved work facility is shown as follows: the exposure level of the back is 22, while that of the arm is 22, that of the hand wrist is 22 and that of the neck is 14.

Characterization and experimental infection of Flexibacter maritimus (Wakabayashi et al. 1986) in hatcheries of post-larvae of Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931

A preliminary study to characterize filamentous bacteria, whose presence is related to high mortality of Litopenaeus vannamei larvae cultured in Santa Catarina State, Brazil, is reported. The extract of infected larvae was diluted in different concentrations, cultured in marine agar (Difco, Marine Agar 2216) and incubated at 30 degrees C for 48 hours. The biochemical characterization included hydrolytic reactions of starch, gelatin and tyrosine, growth in TCBS agar, growth in 0 and 37 per thousand salinity, pigment production in tyrosine agar, production of H2S, nitrate reduction, congo red reaction, oxidase and catalase. The isolated bacteria belong to the species Flexibacter maritimus, Gram-negative bacilli of 0.4-0.5 microm width and 15 microm length. Experiments were carried out on pathogenicity of F. maritimus in post-larvae of L. vannamei. Survival and symptoms in L. vannamei post-larvae 24 hours after inoculation with F. maritimus and its growth in marine agar were evaluated. Mortality was detected around 92,5% as well as symptoms like melanized lesions in several parts of body, discolouration of gills, bad formation of appendages and of the last abdominal segment, low motility and feeding reduction. The experimental infection results suggested that isolated bacteria of the genus Flexibacter are pathogenic to the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei post-larvae.

Conferring with the Dead: Necrophilia and Nostalgia in the Seventeenth Century

Conferring with the Dead: Necrophilia and Nostalgia in the Seventeenth Century Scott Dudley O that it were possible we might But hold some two days’ conference with the dead, From them I should learn somewhat, I am sure I never shall know here. The Duchess of Malfi 1 This nostalgic lament, uttered by the Duchess of Malfi just before her death, looks back to an earlier, though not so distant, cultural moment when it was still possible to hold “conference with the dead.” It simultaneously summons the images of the dead—the corpses, the severed body parts, and the skeletal remains—that are such a notable feature of this play as well as of seventeenth-century theater and culture in general. Derided as mere sensationalism, or, more recently, explored as a site for the emergent scientific objectification of the body and subsequent privileging of the Cartesian subject, the relics of the dead that accumulate in plays like The Duchess of Malfi, in fact, engage a counter-reformation, Roman Catholic aesthetic and theology about the dead body that most frequently clusters around discussions of relics and the efficacy of prayers to the saints. The remains of the body that accrue throughout the literature of this period participate in a uniquely seventeenth-century negotiation between emergent and residual cultural concerns about history, the nature of the body, subjectivity, representation, and epistemology. The necrophilia that surrounds these body parts reconstitutes, in an altered form, the residual cultural impetus to have access to the past through the physical, and, in the best new historicist fashion, thereby to hold “conference with the dead.” Earlier criticism of Jacobean theater was primarily concerned either to denigrate it for the “Tussaud Chamber of Horrors” that it frequently stages, or to justify it for its ability to depict a higher moral or theological order that triumphs over the macabre. 2 A decade ago Francis Barker argued that the “glorious cruelties” of the Jacobean theater “articulate a mode of corporeality” in which the body is not “that effaced residue which it is to become, beneath or behind the proper realm of discourse.” 3 [End Page 277] In a similar fashion Karin Coddon has argued that the necrophiliac desires that run throughout The Revenger’s Tragedy serve to “parody and to interrogate contemporary, increasingly scientistic notions of the body.” 4 These arguments, while seminal, do not account for the continuing power of residual cultural forces which complicate the distinctions between subject and object, discourse and body, present and past in this period. In the first half of the century the cultural tensions concerning corporeality, subjectivity, and epistemology, which had long been present in Reformation debates over issues of salvation, relics, and images, took on a new intensity in the increasingly frequent and often heated controversies regarding miracles performed at the shrines of saints. Beginning in 1606 with the English translation of the French pamphlet Histoire des Miracles (Miracles Lately Wrought) and continuing on for the next several decades, Catholic, Anglican, and occasionally Puritan authors argued with one another over the potential power of relics. The corpses and body parts that appear on the Jacobean stage—for example, Gloriana’s skull in The Revenger’s Tragedy, Annabella’s heart in ’Tis Pity She’s a Whore, or the severed hand in The Duchess of Malfi—participate in these theological debates. Unlike the corpses on the dissecting table or the view of the dead body taken by Protestant theology, body parts on the Jacobean stage are endowed with extraordinary material potency. They thus stage the moment in seventeenth-century culture when the corpse can be seen either as an object that has been emptied of all subjectivity, as Protestant theology and the emerging scientific discourse of anatomy claim, or as an object in which attenuated and even enhanced subjectivity and agency still reside, as Catholic polemics about relics insist. The intrusion of the macabre into these plays revives earlier cultural concerns which here return in an alienated form to mark the distance between the dominant and residual culture, and which expose areas of epistemological and affective human experience that the dominant culture does not and cannot address. 5 Such residual cultural concerns come...

History of replantation: from miracle to microsurgery.

Severed body parts, from fingers to extremities, are now being routinely reattached at medical centers around the world. The dream of replantation traces its rich history from miracles and legends to early laboratory experiments and clinical attempts, culminating in today's commonplace procedure.

Associative Magic: Some Rituals, Word Plays, and Philology

WHEN EGBERT VON WEIHER PUBLISHED, in his new volume of Late Babylonian Texts from Uruk, an edition of an important new text of Ritual Tablet of series brt rimkil' he noted a word play in column II.2 In an elaborate passage where king, main actor of ritual, addresses several parts of body of a slaughtered bird, asking for removal of his sins and wrongdoings, he turns intestines, qerbii, with words: lzi qurbzinimma ikrib sulmi u baldti, may prayers of well-being and life be close me! Quite clearly, there are two associations intended here, first between noun qerbyi 'intestines' and verb qeribu 'to approach', two etymologically related words, which have developed quite separate semantic ranges; secondly, word ikribu 'prayer', from verbal root *krb, is introduced because of its very similar consonantal framework, where only emphatic guttural /q/ is replaced by voiceless / k/. Von Weiher stopped here just short of recognizing similar, though perhaps not quite as obvious, associations in some of passages surrounding three lines cited. Unfortunately, text of structurally parallel paragraphs immediately preceding section quoted above is partly broken, so that for time being no absolutely certain example can be drawn from there. However, there are a number of indications which seem me make it very probable that quite similar allusions are intended there as well, that is, between realia involved and words spoken by king. I think it is more than a coincidence that, for example, a line which is in all probability addressed bird as a whole, issuiru, speaks of curse (izziru) in mouth of numerous people,3 and that line, addressed body of bird, zumru, is spoken remove anger of population from king's body, once again zumru. Furthermore, in this same line a rare expression for anger be warded off is used, sulumit panT, literally the blacknesses of face. This term not only also starts with a syllable containing a sibilant plus /ul, and thus yields something close a 'Stabreim' or syllabic alliteration with zumru, but choice of words also suggests me, at least possibility that body of bird, which was probably described in hopelessly broken preceding section of text, was supposed have black spots, sulmi. The next paragraph, dealing with colon (Akkadian Kammdhu, or erru kabru)5 aims at removal of another negative quality from king; unfortunately, word for this is badly broken in our text. What is preserved are two verbs desribing this removal, nasdhu and tabdku, to pull out and throw into a heap-surely an allusion what was usually done with colon, as a rather worthless part of slaughtered animal. In trying restore broken word I had hoped find something reminiscent of one of words for 'colon', but I have admit that traces in cuneiform copy do not seem support this idea. Proceeding from here three much better preserved sections following our first example, we encounter still another pattern of associative wording; first two paragraphs do not, however, use word play in strict sense but rather another technique well known in sympathetic magic, which makes use of a kTma comparison. For possibly most famous examples of this, I refer here tablet '5-6' of series Surpu, with its long sequence of spells which aim at destruction of evil force using magical comparisons peeling of an onion, stripping of a cluster of * Paper read at 1984 Annual Meeting of American Oriental Society in Seattle, Wash. I delayed publication while still hoping be able pursue subject in more detail; this, however, has not been possible. I thus offer here original version, extended only by addition of necessary references.

Severed body parts: radiologic evaluation following replantation.

Sixty-two replantations of totally severed body parts in 25 patients were followed via serial radiography. Most of these replantations were of digits. Uncomplicated digital replantation showed a definite temporal pattern consisting initially of decreasing mineral content followed by increasing mineral content, decreasing soft-tissue swelling, and increasing callus formation. Deviations from the expected patterns were helpful in predicting complications such as infection and/or osteonecrosis.

A Study on the Classification and Systematic Inspection of Abnormal Chick Embryos

Hitherto, the classification of the teratology of chick embryo which died during the normal incubating condition has been made on the basis of major deformities even if the abnormal structures were found in several parts of body. By a close examination of large numbers of abnormal embryos it was indicated that the deformities could not be classified into a limited number of types. The importance to inspect and describe systematically the variouse abnormalities was postulated. The items for such a systemic inspection were proposed.A card with those items for checking may enable even the not well trained examiners to inspect the teratology of many chick embryos. This inspecting system may provide the facilities for study of deformities of chick embryo in the ordinary local poultry breeding stations and contribute for the accumulation of the basic data on the occurence of abnormal development.

東海産カナガシラ類の資源に關する研究(1)

Though many taxonomic studies on the japanese Lepidotrigla had been made by several authors, most of them were not sufficient in the treatment of variation of the specific characteristics. Therefore, the resultant uncertainties in the identification embarrassed the population studies of the fishes belonging to the genus. Accordingly, in order to make clear the specific characters, I engaged in an observation of a fresh body and in the measurement of several parts of body in the present paper, which was based on the large numberrt of specimens collected from the commercial landings of the Eastern Sea trawlers from 1948 to 1950. In the pattern of the innerside of pectorals, six types are distinctly recognizable as shown in Plate I, though they are somewhat divergent. In order to make clear the specification of each types, from the viewpoint of morphometry, I chose the measured value of the individuals falling in the interval of 15±1cm in their standard length. (Thus, I unified the size approxi. mately, and avoided the error caused by a difference in their size.) As the frequency distribution of these values could be regarded as nearly normal type (see Fig. 1), I computed the rejection limit for each item under 5 per cent level of signlificance, to indicate the thresholds of their variation. If these limit separated from each other perfectly, I regarded them as distinct species morphometrically. According to the above mentioned standpoint, the types A, B, C, E and first group of F are separated clearly, as illustrated in Fig. 2. (Here, type F was divided into two different groups by the measured value, for instance, that of rostrum as I showed in this figure.) But the types B, C and second group of F overlapped each other in variation, and I cannot assert the distinctness of these groups in the natures dealt with in Fig. 2. While, in Fig. 3, the separation is perfect between the second group of F and the types B, C. Therefore, it may be concluded that the groups of type A, B, C, E, F (I): and F (II) respectively are distinct ones, not only from their pectorals pattern, but also from the morpho. metrical data. Type D is excluded from the present treatment, because it is quite a rare species, and is not important economically. Next, I examined the relation between the above mentioned groups and the species hitherto described. And obtained the following result: namely, type A group correspond to L. japonica, type B group to L. guentheri, C to L. kishinouyei, D to L. punctopectoralis, E to L. microptera, F (I) to L. alata, and F (II) to L. abyssalis. When we identify the samples, though the method is somewhat troublesome, it is possible to do it by the measured values of several parts of body using Fig. 2 and 3, which were made for every section of the size of the fish, as a chart for the key of species. On the other hand, the patterns of the innerside of pectorals are available as a guide for species, and these patterns can be recognize in the individuals of smaller size, even in 50mm length. According to the latter method, it is rather difficult to divide the two groups of type F. However, one group of type F, L. alata, can be easily and unrnistakablly distingushed from the other group of L. abyssalis, by its large triangular rostral process. The latter method of identification can be made by inspection irrespective of the size of fish.