Several Types Of Diseases Research Articles

Coccidioides immitis . [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria

Abstract A description is provided for Coccidioides immitis . Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Occurs in soil and infection is usually acquired by inhalation of contaminated dust. In addition to man, spontaneous infections have been recorded in the baboon, burro, cat, cattle, chimpanzee, chinchilla, coyote, dog, gorilla, horse, kangaroo, llama, mole, monkey, mouse, pig, sea lion, sheep, squirrel, rabbit, rat, tapir and tiger (causing mycoses). DISEASE: Coccidioidomycosis. Several types of disease have been recognized. The initial primary infection may be asymptomatic and benign. Among the clinically apparent cases, the respiratory disease is highly variable with symptoms ranging from a mild cold to a severe pneumonia. Some patients are left with chronic, residual, pulmonary lesions. In a few cases the infection disseminates to extrapulmonary tissues resulting in systemic disease which may be progressive or chronic. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Semi-arid areas within the Western Hemisphere.

Progress Towards Systemic Fungicides

Abstract Developments in the past decade are reviewed. All the compounds considered possess direct fungitoxicity and none appear to depend on modifying the host plant, chemically or physically, to control diseases. Water solubility is low to very low. Yet these compounds, when sprayed, enter aerial tissues, and, on reaching plant roots, enter via non-living tissue and pass into the xylem. They are swept upwards in the transpiration stream, to an extent depending on the properties of the compound, and may accumulate in the margins of leaves. They do not appear to enter organs, such as petals, that do not transpire, nor are they re-exported from leaves to new growth. Any downward translocation in the phloem, if it occurs with any of these compounds, is of no practical significance. The range of plant diseases controlled by some compounds is confined to powdery mildews; other compounds control several types of disease, and some, especially among the benzimidazoles, control a very wide range indeed. None offe...

Clinical Features of Ankylosing Spondylitis

SUMMARY Since there is no cure for ankylosing spondylitis, the primary objectives of treatment are to relieve pain, prevent spinal deformity, and maintain functional capacities of the patient. The following regimen is available: Rest periods, Dependent upon the severity of the disease process. Postural instruction promoting the maintenance of a straight spine in bed, at home and at work. Physical therapy modalities such as braces and exercise programs to be utilized and re-evaluated at frequent intervals. Drug therapy: salicylates are the most simple, safest cheapest of the anti-inflammatory drugs with analgesic effect as well. Phenoxyphen (Darvon) is frequently used as and adjunct o salicylate therapy. Phenylbutazone (Butazolidin) has been the most successful drug used in recent years in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis and response to small doses of this drug has been most impressive. The average dose is 100–200 mg per day and it may be required only intermittently. Indomethacin in various doses ranging from 100–200 mg a day has been advocated but there seems to be less uniform benefit from this drug than with phenylbutazone. Corticosteroids may be helpful, particularly. In control of peripheral joint involvement when it given intra-articularly. Systemic corticosteroid therapy, however, is limited to cases where iritis is a controlling factor since the spondylitis itself has a poor response to this drug. Severe types of disease and those resistant to this form of therapy have on occasion responded to selective localized irradiation, but this modality has been used less frequently than in previous years. Surgery: At present, surgical rehabilitation has been confined to a few subjects severely deformed by the ravages of this disease and this topic has been discussed recently by Law.3

<i>In vitro</i> regeneration of pumpkin (<i>cucurbita maxima</i>) through shoot apical meristem

Context: Pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) is very important vegetable crop. It is damaged by several types of diseases, especially viral diseases which reduce the total yield of pumpkin. This is very difficult problem and such type of problem can be overcome by meristem culture. Objectives: To develop suitable protocols for indirect regeneration of pumpkin plant through shoot apical meristem. Materials and Methods: Meristems were isolated from 15-21 days in vivo grown plants by collecting shoot tips and were prepared (0.2-0.5 mm) under 4X zoom stereo-microscope remaining two leaves primordia. Inoculation of explants was made singly per culture vessel in semisolid MS fortified with different concentrations and combinations of cytokinin and auxin. Results: Among different concentrations, 1.0 mg/l BAP showed best response for callus induction. Calli were sub cultured for shoot formation in MS containing BAP singly or combination with GA3 and 1.5 mg/l BAP + 0.1 mg/l GA3 gave better result. In vitro regenerated shoots were rooted well in ½ strength MS with 0.5 mg/l IBA and micro plants were acclimatized successfully in natural condition. Conclusion: Indirect regeneration of pumpkin plants through shoot apical meristem has been established. Keywords: Growth regulators; in vitro regeneration; Pumpkin; Cucurbita maxima. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v18i0.8784 JBS 2010; 18(0): 104-107

The effect of potato rugose on the yield of some potato varieties

The virus disease occurring in the potato varieties Harbinger, Aquila, and King George V was probably the potato rugose caused by potato virus Y (Solanum virus 2). In the variety Harbinger, the degree of strength of the virus disease probably varied as a result of the appearance of different races of potato virus Y. The type of the virus disease did not change from one vegetative generation of the potato to another. In the potato varieties Aquila and King George V, only the severe type of the disease was observed. The severe type of the virus disease reduced the tuber yield of all the potato varieties investigated to a level of 5 to 6 %, and the slight type occurring in the variety Harbinger to an average of 27 % of the normal. The virus infection appeared more frequently in Harbinger than in the variety Aquila. In the summer, when the infection of the potato plant took place, the virus disease reduced its productivity only relatively little. In the following vegetative generation of the diseased potato plants, the degree of their degeneration conclusively displayed itself. Following this, the wakening of the virus diseased plants did not progress further from one vegetative generation to the next.

Elimination of radioactive phosphorus in certain neoplastic states

SummaryStudy of the urinary excretion of P32 injected intravenously in several types of diseases has given the following results :1° Leukemic patients generally excrete about 13 % of the injected amount in 3 days and 20 % in 6 days.2° Patients with lymphosarcoma excrete 13,5 % in 3 days and 21,5 % in six. Retention is more marked in generalised forms.3° In patients with Hodgkin’s disease excretion is 31 % at the 3d day and 41,7 % at the 6th day. Retention is the highest in generalised forms of the disease.4° Treatment of lymphosarcoma and of Hodgkin’s disease with P32 does not give the favourable results observed in leukemia and polycythemia.

Jaundice: Its Pathogenesis and Differential Diagnosis.

The question of what is the trouble with the patient suffering from jaundice is a fairly common one in medical practice. Is the primary lesion in the blood or in the liver or the bile ducts, and if there is obstruction in the bile ducts, is this due to a stone or is it due to a carcinoma around the papilla? Usually an expert in this field of diagnosis can give the answer, and in many cases he can warn the surgeon that he had better not operate since there is little chance of his doing any good and there is a big chance that the shock of the operation will bring the patient's life to a close. In this book Movitt has gathered together an enormous amount of information relating to jaundice and to what is known today about the diagnosis of the several types of disease. Every internist

NEW YORK ACADEMY OF MEDICINE, SECTION OF PEDIATRICS

Studies in Influenza. Dr. Perrin H. Long, M.D. During the past five years certain studies with regard to the etiology of influenza have been carried out in Baltimore under the auspices of the John J. Abel Fund for Research on the Common Cold. In this period three epidemics of influenza have been investigated. Extensive observations on the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae, the beta hemolytic streptococci, Diplococcus pneumoniae and the anaerobic, gram-negative, filter-passing flora of the rhinopharynx have been made in healthy persons and in persons suffering from disease of the respiratory tract. In addition, the hypothesis that the incitant of influenza may be a filtrable virus has been tested. It has been found that the incidence of H. influenzae in influenzal years is not significantly higher than in noninfluenzal years, nor is the incidence of this organism in persons with influenza high enough to be of etiologic significance when compared with the findings in persons not suffering from the disease. However, there is some evidence to show that during a noninfluenzal year persons who are infected with H. influenzae during infections of the respiratory tract have a more severe type of disease than do those who are found to be free from infection with H. influenzae. In an influenzal year this difference between carriers and noncarriers does not exist. The beta hemolytic streptococcus and D. pneumoniae have been found to play the role of secondary invaders in influenza. Although extensive studies have been undertaken to determine the incidence and the role of the gram-negative, filter-passing, anaerobic organisms of the rhinopharynx in health and in disease of the respiratory tract, no convincing evidence of their importance in the production of disease has been obtained. Bacterium pneumosintes has not been isolated, and therefore its relationship to influenza has been neither proved nor disproved. It is felt that a further accumulation of experi¬ mental evidence is necessary before the relationship of these minute anaerobic organ¬ isms to respiratory disease' is settled. Attempts have been made during the past three years to transfer influenza to chimpanzees by inoculating them with filtered rhinopharyngeal washings from persons ill with influenza. In the course of these attempts, disorders characterized by fever, prostration and leukopenia or a normal white blood cell count were transmitted to four chimpanzees by rhinopharyngeal inoculation with bacteria-free filtrates from persons ill with human influenza, and a similar condition was produced in a fifth ape during a nonepidemic period. The difficulty of interpreting with complete satisfaction the observations made on the apes is obvious, and the observed facts are therefore presented in the knowledge that they conform with those pre¬ viously reported in man by other investigators.