Dengue Research Articles

Potensi pengendalian larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) dengan menggunakan tiga varietas ikan cupang (Betta splendens)

Dengue fever (DF) is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) mosquito, which has the fastest spreading cases. Drug and vaccines are still unavailable, so the Government is focusing on mosquito control. One method of biological control is to use betta fish (Betta splendens) as predators of Ae. aegypti larvae. Betta fish have various varieties, which may have different abilities in preying on Ae. aegypti larvae. The study aimed to analyze the potential for controlling Ae. aegypti larvae using three varieties of B. splendens fish (multi-colored plakat koi, xanthic morph plakat, and halfmoon varieties) during the day and evening. The test was carried out by inserting 25 Ae. aegypti larvaes into an aquarium containing B. splendens fish. Testing starts at 12.00 and 15.00 WIB and replicated five times. Observations started from the fish started preying on larvae until the fish ate all larvae. The predation ability of each variety of B. splendens fish based on predation time was analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test and the unpaired data t-test. The analysis showed that the multi-colored koi plakat variety preyed Ae. aegypti larvae faster than the xanthic morph plaque variety (P < 0.05) and not significantly different from the halfmoon variety (P > 0.05). There was no difference in the ability of B. splendens fish to prey larvae during the day and evening (P > 0.05). B. splendens fish, the multi-colored koi plaque variety, and the halfmoon variety can be biological predators of Ae. aegypti larvae.

Correlation between CRP and ferritin in dengue patients: A hospital-based prospective observational study

ABSTRACT Background: In India, dengue is one of the health challenges and a leading cause of hospitalization, especially during the monsoon. C-reactive protein (CRP) is an independent marker for dengue severity. The present study aimed to analyze the correlation between CRP and ferritin and with other hematological markers in dengue fever (DF). Methods: A hospital-based prospective study was conducted over one year. With the patient’s consent, A total of 189 dengue-diagnosed hospitalized patients aged more than 18 years were included in the study group. Demographic features, total leukocytes, total platelet counts, packed cell volume, CRP, and ferritin were monitored in both severe and non-severe cases. Significant univariate parameters were correlated and significant associations were analyzed from the correlation coefficient and P value respectively. Result: A total of 189 dengue-diagnosed, hospitalized patients were recruited, among them 30 patients were diagnosed as severe and 159 patients were diagnosed as non-severe. The mean age ranged between 41 ± 16.7 and 42 ± 15.9 years. In univariate analysis, total leucocytes, CRP, and ferritin were significantly higher in dengue severe cases in comparison to non-severe dengue cases. The association between CRP and ferritin revealed a positive correlation whereas, the association between ferritin and total platelet count showed a negative correlation. Conclusion: A significant positive correlation between CRP and ferritin indicates that ferritin can be an additional biomarker along with CRP for the hospitalization of dengue patients and may be useful for severity prediction at an early stage of infection.

Beyond the biting - limited impact of explicit mosquito dynamics in dengue models

Mathematical models play a crucial role in assisting public health authorities in timely disease control decision-making. For vector-borne diseases, integrating host and vector dynamics into models can be highly complex, particularly due to limited data availability, making system validation challenging. In this study, two compartmental models akin to the SIR type were developed to characterize vector-borne infectious disease dynamics. Motivated by dengue fever epidemiology, the models varied in their treatment of vector dynamics, one with implicit vector dynamics and the other explicitly modeling mosquito-host contact. Both considered temporary immunity after primary infection and disease enhancement in secondary infection, analogous to the temporary cross-immunity and the Antibody-dependent enhancement biological processes observed in dengue epidemiology. Qualitative analysis using bifurcation theory and numerical experiments revealed that the immunity period and disease enhancement outweighed the impact of explicit vector dynamics. Both models demonstrated similar bifurcation structures, indicating that explicit vector dynamics are only justified when assessing the effects of vector control methods. Otherwise, the extra equations are irrelevant, as both systems display similar dynamics scenarios. The study underscores the importance of using simple models for mathematical analysis, initiating crucial discussions among the modeling community in vector-borne diseases.

Bioefficacy of Methanolic Leaf Extracts from Coleus amboinicus and Mentha spicata against Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) pose significant public health challenges globally, with India and Sub-Saharan Africa accounting for the majority of cases. Aedes aegypti, a primary vector of dengue fever, thrives in an environment with inadequate water supply and poor waste management. The increasing resistance of mosquito population to chemical insecticides necessitates the exploration of alternative control strategies, such as botanical extracts. This study evaluates the adulticidal efficacy of methanolic leaf extracts of Coleus amboinicus and Mentha spicata against the adults of Ae. aegypti. Fresh leaves of both plants were collected, dried, and extracted with methanol. Phytochemical screening revealed a moderate presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids, and glycosides in C. amboinicus, while phenols are highly prevalent, indicating significant biological activity. In contrast, M. spicata displayed a high concentration of alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, though saponins, phenols, and glycosides were less abundant. Adulticidal bioassays demonstrated that C. amboinicus achieved higher mortality rates across all concentrations compared to M. spicata. The LC50 value for C. amboinicus was 202.00 ppm, while M. spicata exhibited an LC50 of 230.00 ppm. Similarly, the LC90 values were 428.51 ppm and 457.40 ppm for C. amboinicus and M. spicata, respectively. These findings suggest that C. amboinicus has a more balanced and diverse phytochemical profile, which likely contributes to its superior adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. This study highlights the potential of C. amboinicus as a natural alternative for mosquito control, warranting further exploration and development for effective vector management.

Are Healthcare Staff Ready for the Dengue Fever Epidemic Challenge?

Are Healthcare Staff Ready for the Dengue Fever Epidemic Challenge?

Dengue outbreak 2023 in Bangladesh: From a local concern to a global public health issue.

Dengue, a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes, has become a substantial public health issue in Bangladesh. The high population density and subtropical-tropical climate of the nation create conducive environments for the transmission of the virus. The recent increase in dengue cases in Bangladesh prompts an inquiry into the potential for the virus to progress into an epidemic manifestation. Bangladesh is prone to dengue outbreaks due to a multitude of contributing factors. To commence, the virus is endemic to tropical and subtropical regions, and climate change is contributing to the expansion of its range. Additionally, the high population density in Bangladesh amplifies the vulnerability to dengue transmission. Intimate human proximity elevates the probability of contracting mosquito stings and transmitting viruses. The escalating incidence of dengue in Bangladesh is substantiated by the growing count of documented cases. The emergence of severe dengue is a contributing aspect that raises concerns about the potential worldwide consequences of the disease. It could potentially head from Bangladesh to neighboring nations via an infected individual. There exist apprehensions due to the substantial employment of Bangladeshi laborers overseas, compounded by the presence of foreign laborers within Bangladesh. The endeavor to control dengue in Bangladesh continues to face ongoing challenges. This review addresses the complexities of dengue transmission, assesses Bangladesh's readiness for managing epidemics, analyzes risk factors associated with dengue, and suggests preventive measures to mitigate the possibility of worldwide consequences of dengue originating within the nation.

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Bali: Patient Demographics, Clinical Manifestations, and Laboratory Findings

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) remains a significant public health concern in tropical regions, including Bali, Indonesia. Understanding the patient demographics, clinical presentations, and laboratory findings associated with DHF is crucial for effective disease management and control. This study aimed to investigate these aspects in patients hospitalized with DHF at Wangaya Regional General Hospital in Bali. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, analyzing medical records of patients diagnosed with DHF between January and June 2024. Data collected included demographics, clinical manifestations, laboratory parameters, disease severity, and hospital stay duration. Descriptive statistics and comparative analyses were performed. A total of 410 patients were included, with a male predominance (54.9%). The most affected age group was 18-25 years (43.2%). Common clinical manifestations included fever (100%), headache (83.6%), myalgia (74%), and nausea/vomiting (56.3%). Laboratory findings revealed thrombocytopenia (45.4% with platelet count <50,000/µL), leukopenia (74.3%), and elevated hematocrit (29.6%). Most patients presented with DHF grade I (65.1%), followed by grade II (31.7%). The median hospital stay was 4 days. DHF in Bali predominantly affects young adults, with males being more susceptible. The clinical presentation is characterized by fever, headache, myalgia, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Thrombocytopenia and leukopenia are common laboratory findings. The majority of patients experience mild to moderate disease severity. These findings contribute to a better understanding of DHF in Bali and can inform targeted public health interventions.

Spatial-Temporal Visualization of Dengue Fever Vulnerability in Kediri Using Hierarchy Clustering Based on Mobile Devices

In Indonesia, Dengue Fever (DF) is a contagious disease that is a significant issue in public health. The Kediri Regency in East Java, as reported by the Ministry of Health in 2019, had the highest number of DF cases. If not addressed promptly, DF can lead to outbreaks, creating a health emergency. The lack of a thorough investigation into the diversity of risk within a spatial and temporal region exacerbates this issue. Therefore, spatial-temporal analysis is crucial in developing a warning system to prevent and control DF. This paper proposes a method that combines the Euclidean Distance calculation with the Hierarchical Clustering method. We collected data from the Kediri Regency health department and conducted pre-processing and classification processes, considering the number of DF victims, death rate, population, rainfall, and public facilities. The hierarchical clustering algorithm was used to categorize the 344 village analyses into low, medium, and high vulnerability categories. This method allows for a comparison of yearly single, average, complete, and centroid linkage in DF vulnerability levels. We also employed spatial-temporal visualization based on cellular applications to create a clear picture of areas vulnerable to DF. The experimental results in clustering showed a satisfactory level of matching, with variant values calculated using the hierarchical clustering method. The variants for single linkages were 0.113; for average linkages, they were 0.120; for complete linkages, they were 0.178; and for centroid linkages, they were 0.106. The grouping validation results indicated that the centroid linkage method produced the best variant level. We suggest further enhancing the methods with better process steps using other pre-processing methods to improve the validation quality.

First reported cases of Borrelia and dengue co-infection: A case series.

Dengue fever is one of the most common diagnoses in patients presenting with acute febrile illness in tropical countries. Borrelia, on the other hand, is the cause of vector-borne infections of relapsing fever and Lyme disease. While co-infections of dengue with chikungunya, Zika, malaria, influenza and typhoid have been reported, clinical cases of Borrelia infections have never been reported in Malaysia. Based on available evidence, this is the first case series to report dengue fever and Borrelia spp. co-infection. All three patients in this report were admitted to medical wards on day 3 to day 8 of illness for dengue fever as evidenced by a positive dengue NS1 antigen test. The clinical manifestations were typical of dengue fever, with all patients having high grade fever, myalgia, and arthralgia. All patients also had thrombocytopenia. Features of severe dengue, such as shock, hemorrhage and impaired consciousness were absent. Borrelia DNA were detected in the blood samples of the patients. However, all the patients denied having skin lesions and a history of insect bites. All the patients were given intravenous fluid therapy and were discharged after 3 to 5 days of hospitalization.

Role of Ultrasound Imaging in Children with Dengue Fever: A Retrospective Study

Objective: To study ultrasound findings of children with dengue and analyze the possible correlation between ultrasound findings and severity of dengue in children.Methods: This retrospective study, which was conducted over one year, analyzed 50 pediatric dengue patients. Ultrasound findings such as gallbladder wall edema, pleural effusion and ascites were assessed. Cases were categorized into dengue without warning signs, dengue with warning signs, and severe dengue according to the World Health Organization's classification of dengue. Correlation between ultrasound abnormalities, severity of dengue, and thrombocytopenia were analyses. A p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as statistically significant.Results: Of 50 pediatric patients diagnosed with dengue participated in this study, 72% were boys, and 28% were girls with a male-to-female ratio of 1:0.38. Fever was the most frequent symptom (100%), followed by nausea/vomiting (84%) and body ache/myalgia (78%). Ultrasound findings revealed that gallbladder wall edema (48%), pleural effusion (44%), and ascites (50%) were significantly associated with severe dengue and dengue with warning signs (p<0.001). Thrombocytopenia was documented in 58% of cases and correlated significantly with ultrasound abnormalities such as gallbladder wall edema, ascites, and pleural effusion (p=0.0017).Conclusion: Ultrasound findings, such as gallbladder wall edema, pleural effusion and ascites, are significantly associated with severe dengue and dengue with warning signs. These features aid in early identification of high-risk patients.

Infection Epidemiology of Dengue Virus and Its Impacts on Liver Enzymes

Background: Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that has emerged as a significant public health concern in Kolkata, with a substantial burden on the healthcare system. Also, this disease shows and additional impact on liver. Objective: To investigate the epidemiological trends of dengue fever in Kolkata and its effect on liver function. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using data from [Ashok Laboratory] in Kolkata. Patients diagnosed with dengue fever between [July, 2023 to June, 2024] were included. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed. Results: A total of [6132] patients were included. The majority were [10-30] years old, and [males]. The incidence of dengue fever was highest during [monsoon season]. The data shows that SGPT/ALT and SGOT/AST value is very high on the dengue positive individuals and total bilirubin value is also high on dengue positive individuals. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of dengue fever on liver function in Kolkata. The findings suggest that early detection and management of dengue-induced hepatic dysfunction are crucial to prevent severe complications. Public health measures should focus on vector control, timely diagnosis, and appropriate treatment to mitigate the burden of dengue fever in Kolkata.

Utilizing the '5 in 1 Magic Touch' CCRTV method for early detection of severe dengue warning signs in pediatric patients: A case study from a Type C Hospital in Indonesia

Background: Dengue fever, prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, is recognized by WHO as a significant global health threat. Early detection of severe dengue symptoms, especially in resource-limited settings, is critical for patient outcomes. The "5 in 1 Magic Touch - CCRTV" method, which evaluates Color, Capillary Refill Time, Temperature, Pulse Rate, and Pulse Volume, provides a simple yet effective approach to monitor hemodynamics and identify early warning signs of severe dengue. Case Description: In a case study, a 3-year-old boy was admitted with fever, shortness of breath, weakness, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain. On the third day, he entered a critical phase with symptoms of pale extremities, delayed capillary refill time, high fever, and a weak, rapid pulse. Thorax examination revealed severe plasma leakage, pulmonary edema, and right pleural effusion, indicating a pre-shock state. The patient required close clinical monitoring, regular fluid balance management, and frequent blood tests to guide treatment. Conclusion:The CCRTV assessment method allowed for the early identification of the pre-shock condition, facilitating timely and appropriate intervention. This case highlights the potential of the CCRTV method for improving prognosis in severe dengue cases. The effectiveness of this method warrants further research, particularly in its ability to predict outcomes and improve recovery rates in children with severe dengue.

Dengue Fever in Fiji:epidemiological Insights and Strategic Control Approaches

The incidence of dengue has grown dramatically around the world in recent decades, with cases reported to WHO increasing from 505 430 cases in 2000 to 5.2 million in 2019. A vast majority of cases are asymptomatic or mild and self-managed, and hence the actual numbers of dengue cases are under-reported. Many cases are also misdiagnosed as other febrile illnesses . Dengue fever is most common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and is arguably one of the most devastating diseases in countries like Fiji. This paper attempts to evaluate the disease, focusing on the Fijian case in the last 15 years, explaining the degenerative processes of the disease, and present-day approaches to controlling the disease, as well as newer methods of diagnosis and therapies. The intended outcome is to broaden knowledge and enhance approaches to address one of the most persistent health risks in one of the highly affected regions of the globe.

Circadian regulation of dengue virus transmission and replication: insights into vector activity and viral dynamics.

Dengue fever, caused by dengue virus, poses a significant global health challenge, particularly in tropical regions where Aedes aegypti serves as the primary vector. The circadian clock in Aedes aegypti governs key behavioral and physiological processes, including activity patterns, feeding behaviors, and susceptibility to dengue virus infection. This article explores the influence of circadian rhythms on the mosquito's ability to transmit dengue virus, emphasizing how the circadian regulation of gene expression, immune responses, and lipid metabolism in the mosquito vector creates temporal windows that affect viral replication efficiency.

A study on correlation of liver function tests and outcome in patients of dengue

Dengue, a mosquito-borne viral disease, presents a significant public health threat, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. This study aims to assess the correlation between elevated serum aminotransferases and dengue severity, focusing on patients at a tertiary care center. The liver is affected to varying degrees in dengue patients, from asymptomatic enzyme elevation to severe hepatitis. The study found that elevated SGOT levels correlate with more severe symptoms, including prolonged fever, abdominal pain, and bleeding manifestations.

Modeling the dynamics of dengue fever with double susceptibility and optimal control strategies

Modeling the dynamics of dengue fever with double susceptibility and optimal control strategies

Essential Oil with Mosquito-Repellent Potential from Plectranthus Amboinicus Leaves Against Aedes Aegypti via Human Volunteer Study

Plectranthus amboinicus(PA) is a highly aromatic perennial shrub that belongs to the Lamiaceae family. It has thick, fleshy and succulent leaves and stem. The margins of the leaves contain numerous glandular hairs that produce essential oil. The essential oil of PA(PAEO) exhibits therapeutical, nutritional, antioxidant, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and insect repellent potentials. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the repellent properties of PAEO and DEET against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, which are known carriers of dengue fever. The extraction of PAEO was carried out using hydrodistillation method while the chemical profile was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The bioefficacy test was conducted according to the household insecticide products personal mosquito repellent evaluation method for biological efficacy (First revision) (MS1497:2007) provided by the Standard and Industrial Research Institute of Malaysia (SIRIM) with slight modification. 10% PAEO was used as test solution while 10% DEET was used as positive control. Fabric and patches treated with 10% PAEO were tested on human volunteers. Both the fabric and the patch, treated with 10% PAEO, exhibit excellent repellency (97 - 100%) against Ae. aegypti mosquitoes for a duration of up to 240 min (4 h) post-application. In contrast, 10% DEET, which initially showed a comparable repellency (99%) 30 min after application, experiences a gradual decline in repellency over time, reaching a 51% repellency rate at the end of the test (240 min post-application). A two-way ANOVA analysis indicates significant effect for type of treatment (p = 0.016) but with no significant difference between the exposure time. Tukey’s test showed significant differences between 10% PAEO-treated patches and 10% DEET (p = 0.016), and between 10% PAEO-treated fabric and 10% DEET (p = 0.026). These findings suggest that PAEO is potentially an effective natural repellent against Ae. aegypti.

Locally Transmitted Dengue Fever in Iran: A Growing Concern

Locally Transmitted Dengue Fever in Iran: A Growing Concern

An update on the dengue fever spreading and its situation in India

An update on the dengue fever spreading and its situation in India

Therapeutic plasma exchange in expanded dengue patients having acute liver failure: A case series.

Expanded dengue syndrome is a severe form of dengue fever that can cause acute liver failure and patients with this condition have a high mortality rate. This is because it can cause a cytokine storm, Unfortunately, standard treatments are often ineffective. Therapeutic plasma exchange is a procedure that removes cytokines and improves the patient's condition. Our study involved 15 patients with expanded dengue syndrome having acute liver failure, who were not responding to standard therapies. We treated them with plasmapheresis, and 11 of the patients showed significant improvement in liver function and survived. Unfortunately, the remaining four patients died owing to other complications. Early treatment is crucial for the best possible outcome.