Several Regions In Indonesia Research Articles

Increased Poverty: The Failure of Government Programs and the Natural Resource Factor

The Indonesian government, including local governments, has spent large sums of money and many programs to reduce poverty. However, in several regions in Indonesia, the number of poor people has increased, as in Central Kalimantan, where the poverty rate has increased in the last three years. The number of poor people in Central Kalimantan in 2020 is 132 thousand people; this number increased to 140 thousand people in 2021, then increased again to 145 thousand in 2022. Research on poverty has been carried out in Indonesia. However, research analyzing poverty caused by natural factors and mismanaged government policies has not been carried out. This research was conducted to analyze poverty in Central Kalimantan between state policy governance factors and natural factors. The research uses analytical qualitative methods and case study designs. The analysis uses the new institutional theory and the natural resource curse theory. The research finds that mistakes in managing government policies (structural dimension) and nature (natural dimension) are factors that both play a role in increasing poverty in Central Kalimantan. As a practical suggestion, the government needs to make more intense and detailed efforts to alleviate poverty in Central Kalimantan that are adapted to natural conditions. Keywords: poverty in Indonesia, poverty programs, the curse of natural resources

Relevance of Religious Court Decisions on Marriage to National Development Policy Directions: A Legal and Social Analysis

The results show that the Religious Courts play an important role in harmonising Islamic law with national development policies and international legal standards, particularly in the context of protecting the rights of women and children. However, challenges exist in harmonising interpretations of Islamic law with the principles of human rights and gender equality guaranteed by international conventions such as CEDAW. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method to analyse the relevance of Religious Court decisions related to marriage to national development policies as well as their relationship to international law. Primary data was obtained through analysis of Religious Court decisions in several regions of Indonesia in the last five years covering marital issues such as divorce, polygamy, child custody, and division of joint property. Secondary data included national policy documents, such as the RPJMN, as well as international legal instruments such as CEDAW. This research identifies the need for progressive reforms in the Religious Courts system, including capacity building of judges in understanding international law, revision of the Compilation of Islamic Law, and strengthening co-operation between relevant institutions. The innovative contribution of this research lies in its in-depth analysis of how the Religious Courts can serve as a bridge between religious law, national development policy, and Indonesia's international obligations.

The role of technology use, family support, and self-motivation in the business success of persons with disabilities amid the challenge of limited external support

The presence of individuals with disabilities in society often faces various challenges that hinder their full participation in entrepreneurial activities. Amid the rapid advancement of technology, opportunities to leverage information and communication technology (ICT) are becoming increasingly accessible. However, the challenges in running a business remain significant, particularly when support from the government and organizations is limited. This study aims to analyze the role of technology use, family support, and self-motivation in the business success of individuals with disabilities, despite the challenge of limited external support. This research employs a quantitative approach using SEM-PLS methodology to explore the relationships between relevant variables. The study was conducted on 43 businesses owned by individuals with disabilities across several regions in Indonesia, utilizing an online questionnaire as the data collection tool. The results indicate that technology use, family support, and self-motivation play significant roles in determining the success of businesses owned by individuals with disabilities. Technology use, particularly in marketing through social media, enables disabled entrepreneurs to overcome physical limitations and expand their market share. Family support, both emotional and financial, provides a crucial foundation for business success, especially when external support is limited. Self-motivation becomes an essential driving factor in facing various challenges, including limited access to external assistance, allowing individuals with disabilities to continue innovating and sustaining their businesses.

Criminalization of Service Users and Traditional Commercial Sex Workers in Indonesia

The urgency of law enforcement against service users and traditional commercial sex workers in Indonesia in handling the increasingly rampant practice of prostitution. Despite government efforts to discourage involvement in prostitution, the lack of specific regulations in Indonesian law has allowed service users of prostitution to avoid appropriate legal consequences. This research aims to criminalize both traditional commercial sex workers and service users using a legislative approach, conceptual approach, and comparative legal approach to address criminal issues faced by traditional commercial sex workers and users in Indonesia, one of which is the criminalization of all individuals involved in such practices, such as service users of prostitution who are not clearly regulated, although the government has made efforts through existing local regulations. The type of research used is juridical-normative or often referred to as doctrinal legal research. Several regions in Indonesia, such as DKI Jakarta, Indramayu Regency, Tangerang City, Denpasar City, Badung Regency in Bali, Batam City, and Bandung Regency, have issued local regulations criminalizing service users of prostitution in their respective areas. However, these regulations vary and impose lenient penalties on commercial sex workers and service users. Therefore, we need to study the Netherlands in addressing issues related to prostitution, which can ensnare both perpetrators and commercial sex workers.

The Role of The Cirebon Regency Government In Controlling Population Growth Which Continues To Increase

The aim of this research is to determine the extent of the role and programs of local governments in dealing with ever-increasing population growth. With the broadcast of population numbers, it will become a serious problem faced by several regions in Indonesia, especially in Cirebon Regency. In the process of reducing the increase in population growth, the regional government has made several policies including the Family Planning Program, the provision of contraceptive medication in every Public Health Center and Hospital as well as private sector, PIKR Program, and the SIGA Application. As well as providing communication, information and education, it has been carried out through community groups with coordination from the technical implementation unit to the community. This study takes a descriptive approach while utilizing a qualitative strategy. The data collected was direct interviews with informants.

Teachers and Parents Perceptions of the 9-Year Compulsory Education Policy in Indonesia

The Nine-Year Compulsory Education Policy in Indonesia aims to enhance access to and quality of basic education for all school-aged children. This study aims to analyze the perceptions of teachers and parents regarding this policy and to identify the factors influencing their views. The research methodology employed includes both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Data were collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews with teachers and parents in several regions of Indonesia. The analysis techniques used include frequency distribution, percentages and averages to describe teachers' and parents' perceptions of the 9 Year Compulsory Education policy. The results indicate that the majority of teachers and parents support this policy, despite some challenges in its implementation. Factors such as economic conditions, accessibility to education, and the quality of educational facilities influence their perceptions. The recommendations from this study include increased policy socialization, provision of adequate educational facilities, and enhancement of teacher competencies.

The Influence of Community and Societal Factors on the Occurrence of Wasting in Children Aged 3-5 Years

Background: Nutritional problems in toddlers remain a serious issue in several regions in Indonesia, including the working area of Songgon Health Center in Banyuwangi Regency. Aims: This study aims to analyze the influence of community and societal factors on wasting in children aged 3-5 years. Methods: The study uses a case-control approach with the entire population of toddlers in the working area of Songgon Primary Health Center as the target population. A cluster random sampling technique was used to obtain a sample of 166 individuals (83 wasting cases and 83 controls). Data were collected using a questionnaire that had passed validity and reliability testing. The collected data were analyzed through bivariate analysis using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using logistic regression. Results: The research results on wasting showed the following p-values: t for family income 0.520 > α (0.05); occupation 0.263 > α (0.05 access to healthcare 0.121 > α (0.05); f immunization status 0.064 > α (0.05); education 0.436 > α (0.05); maternal knowledge 0.148 > α (0.05); family support 0.931 > α (0.05), and food security 0.430 > α (0.05), thus it can be interpreted these do not have a significant influence on wasting incidence. However, environmental sanitation significantly influences wasting incidence, as the p-value is 0.002 < α (0.05). Conclusion: The most influential factor in wasting incidence is environmental sanitation. Meanwhile, factors that have no influence are family income, mother’s occupation, healthcare access, immunization, education, knowledge, family support, and food safety.

Introducing Religious Moderation through Local Wisdom for Early Childhood

Various cases of suicide bombings in several regions in Indonesia, terrorism movements, the development of thought dynamics that cause various differences, and various issues of intolerant practices that occur at the kindergarten/PAUD level. Conflicts arising from diversity in Indonesia pose a significant challenge to the country’s ability to maintain unity. The purpose of this study is to explain the strategy for introducing religious moderation through local wisdom in early childhood. The research methodology employs a qualitative literature review method. We gather documentation data by searching through a variety of books and articles using keywords such as religious moderation, early childhood, and local wisdom. The data analysis process employs content analysis, which involves scrutinizing data from a variety of sources and drawing conclusions from the findings. The study’s findings demonstrate that local wisdom can introduce religious moderation, as it closely aligns with the child’s surroundings, making religious moderation an integral part of children’s lives. Family, school, and community education can facilitate the integration of moderation and local wisdom. This study offers a fresh perspective on the strategy of introducing religious moderation to early childhood by integrating local wisdom values to form an inclusive, tolerant, and open character towards diversity.

The Relationship of Stress Level With Premenstrual Syndrome on Midwifery Students at Akbid Bandung

The prevalence of STDs in several regions in Indonesia shows different results. In South Jakarta, it shows that 45% of vocational school students experience PMS. In Kudus, the prevalence of PMS in Midwifery Academy students was found to be 45.8%. In Padang, 51.8% of high school students experienced PMS, while in Purworejo, the prevalence of PMS was 24.6% (Pratita & Margawati, 2013). Differences in the incidence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) between women are usually caused by several factors including: stress, increasing age, poor eating patterns and nutritional status (Sukarni and Wahyu, 2013). To find out the relationship between stress levels and premenstrual syndrome in midwifery students at AKBID Bandung. This type of research is analytical research using a cross sectional design. The sample in this study were all female students of AKBID Bandung, Level II Regular Bachelor of Applied Midwifery Study Program, namely 48 female students. The sampling technique in this study was total sampling with a total sample of 48 female students. Data analysis used the chi-square test with a 95% confidence level (?=0.05). There was no association between stress levels and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (?value = 0.733). The other factors of premenstrual syndrome include family history, age, lack of exercise, lack of vitamins and minerals, too much salt consumption, drinking a lot of coffee (Nugroho &; Utama, 2014). There was no significant association between stress levels and the incidence of premenstrual syndrome (PMS). This is because individuals who experience premenstrual syndrome are not only caused by stress factors, but also there are other supporting factors.

Voicing Papua: The Resonance of Rituals

ABSTRACT Indonesia’s new music, alive in some parts of the archipelago from Sumatra in the west to Papua in the east, can be seen as a musical expression, both in verbal and abstract sound form, resulting from cultural refraction through individual composers. Nevertheless, the centre of attention for musical culture is still Java and Bali, two main islands in the cultural politics of the archipelago. Outside the two, new music works and sources of creation for the respective composers in several regions in Indonesia are still less noticed, even ignored. This article explores the new musical expression in Papua, the easternmost part of Indonesia, especially in works based on the so-called indigenous music but still using western musical precepts in a very selective way possible. By extracting or being inspired by various forms of ritual in the areas, a young woman composer named Septina Rosalina Layan shapes the very characteristics of Papuan new music and differentiates her works from those of new music composers from other parts of Indonesia. The approach in this narrative inquiry is based on several paths, namely tracing her endeavour in combining oral and written processes and her faithfulness towards oral traditions so rich in vocal music. This essay proves that the boldness of Papuan new music is an idiosyncratic reopening of the musical treasures from the ancestral past.

ANALYSIS OF PROPOLIS STINGLESS BEE BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS FROM SEVERAL REGIONS IN INDONESIA

Objective: Propolis is a bee product collected by honeybees from a resinous substance of various plant sources. Its antioxidant activities are different from various geographic origins. This study aimed to analyze bioactive compounds by lC-MS/MS, compare antioxidant activity total phenolic and flavonoid contents in stingless bee propolis samples from several regions in Indonesia. Methods: The propolis samples were taken from stingless bee hives of Tetragonula clypearis from Sumbawa, Tetragonula laeviceps from Magelang, Tetragonula biroi from Bogor, and Geniotrigona thoracica from South Kalimantan). Analysis of bioactive compounds was identified by lC-MS/MS. The quantification of the chemical compound determined its total phenolics and flavonoid (TPC and TFC) contents. The antioxidant activity was determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging assay. Results: The results of this study obtained 10 compounds from G. thoracica, 8 compounds each from T. laeviceps and T. biroi, and 7 compounds from T. clypearis. The results of TPC was ranging from 57.24±5.35 to 139.39±15.79 mg GAE/g. The TFC was ranging from 22.13±0.79 to 37.20±3.63 mg QE/g. With the highest TPC and TFC was propolis of G. thoracica. The IC50 of antioxidant activity was ranging from 11.12 to 162.72 ppm. Conclusion: The compounds contained in propolis T. clypearis, T. laeviceps, G. thoracica and T. biroi have a potential as a new herbal candidate as antioxidant agents.

Financial Application for the STMIK Mardira Indonesia Educational Institution

The waqf asset management system is essential for maximizing and optimizing the managed assets to achieve the highest and most favorable outcomes. A professional waqf institution in Bandung possesses waqf assets dispersed throughout several regions in Indonesia, and its management has successfully reached the level of optimizing productive waqf. Nevertheless, waqf assets are managed manually, leading to slower and worse management practices. This research aims to address the issue of managing waqf assets by applying ISO 55001 to the waqf asset management system in a selected professional waqf institution in Bandung. The research approach employs descriptive analysis with the Object-Oriented Software Engineering (OOSE) system development process. The results reveal eight functions based on 8 and 9 criteria that should be present in the asset management system according to ISO 55001. The program incorporates these eight functionalities and achieves a System Usability Scale (SUS) score of 84.6, signifying a B grade and outstanding acceptance. The ISO 55001 certification readiness level is 57.14%, as determined by the ISO 55001 Self-assessment conducted by the British Standard Institute (BSI). The researcher utilized Black Box testing to evaluate the program's functionality, and the findings indicate that all operations are functioning as anticipated.

Communication Model in Managing Geothermal Power Plant Conflicts on Serang Regency, Indonesia

Aims: The construction of Geothermal Power Plants in several regions in Indonesia is currently always characterized by conflict and opposition from local communities, including in Serang Regency. One of the main issues is the company’s inappropriate communication strategy, resulting in a lack of community acceptance and leading to conflicts. The research focuses on the different stages of conflict, behavior and communication of conflicting parties within managing conflict strategies. Researchers utilize Galtung's conflict model and the convergence-divergence communication theory. Methodology: The research method used is qualitative research through the examination of case studies. This was done because the problems in this research remained unclear, holistic, complex, dynamic and full of meaning. Meanwhile, the data collection techniques used in this research were documentation obtained 73 news published by 35 online media covering statistics on yearly citizen actions and newspaper publications, news topics or discussions, and online news coverage on the construction of the Geothermal Power Plant in Serang regency, Indonesia. Also, with direct field observations and in-depth interviews with several informants at the study location. Results: Based on research findings, the Geothermal Power Plant conflict went through 4 stages, including the initial conflict phase; conflict phase; the trust-building phase leading to conflict resolution; and the conflict resolution phase. Meanwhile, based on Galtung's theory, conflict occurs when there is a discrepancy between the socialization provided by the company and the community’s direct experiences, leading to rejection through various actions. The divergent communication approach utilized by the company towards the affected communities resulted in different interpretations, ultimately causing the root of the conflict. Conclusion: The conflict stages in the Geothermal Power Plant development project in Serang regency are divided into several phases that closely related with communication occurred between company, government and the local communities. Lack of communication formed negative opinions about the project developers, leading them to oppose the construction of the Geothermal project. The convergent communication model combined with other communication models such as open, participatory and supportive communication is considered to be highly effective in addressing conflicts.

Pendidikan Al-Qur’an Sebagai Upaya Membentuk Karakter Anak Melalui Asmantoga di Boyolali

Loss of character as a person who upholds the values of Pancasila. Such as negligence in carrying out worship to God Almighty, and loss of people's concern for the environment. In forming this character, various supporting factors are needed to be used as signposts in morals. In addition to these supporting factors, it is necessary to know about the conditions and conditions and potentials that exist in the environment. Since ancient times, Indonesia is famous as the best spice producing country in the world. In the empowerment of spices in several regions of Indonesia known as Asmantoga. Since ancient times, Indonesia is famous as the best spice producing country in the world. In the empowerment of spices in several regions of Indonesia known as Asmantoga. In this regard, to support declining moral and moral conditions by analyzing the conditions of the surrounding environment, community service activities in the KKN-T Kersodarma UIN Raden Mas Said Surakarta group 149 real work lecture program were carried out in Dusun. Soko, Village. Jenengan Palm Oil District, Boyolali Regency, In this case, members of the Real Work Lecture (KKN) group 149 have an innovation to preserve the living fence located in the cemetery area of Soko Hamlet, seeing the number of vacant land and plants that die because they are not maintained. This research program is a field research that uses qualitative methods. The sources of data obtained in this study are observations and interviews as well as from several journals and books. In its implementation, the Asmantoga empowerment program is carried out in accordance with the problems that have occurred by conducting a problem analysis together with the Soko Hamlet apparatus. The implementation of this activity involves TPQ students, this is intended for character building for the children of Soko Hamlet students to create a sense of care, responsibility and love for the environment. So that to create the formation of student character related to a sense of care, responsibility and love for the environment, an understanding is needed by providing education through a learning process that is manifested in a short learning design (RPP) about plants or environmental components and planting practices and awareness of the importance of preserving the environment. Keywords: Qur'an Education (TPQ), Character, Asmantoga

Surveillance of pathogenic Leptospira among rodents and small mammals in enzootic areas of plague in Pasuruan Indonesia

Leptospirosis is a globally significant yet often overlooked zoonotic infection. Several regions in Indonesia are endemic for leptospirosis, including East Java. Pasuruan a region located in the East Java province of Indonesia, has been recognized as an enzootic area of plague infection. However, the presence of other rodent-borne diseases has not been reported. This study aims to detect the presence of pathogenic Leptospira in rats and small mammals in the enzootic plague area of Pasuruan in Indonesia. This study belongs to the type of observational analytic research with a cross-sectional study design. Simple random sampling was conducted to trap a total of 119 forms 107 rats and 12 small mammal kidneys were analyzed molecularly (PCR) to detect Leptospira bacteria with the LipL32 gene as the target. The study revealed that 7.6% (9/119) of rats in the enzootic areas of plague (Sedaeng, Tosari, Surorowo, Petren, Pakis Bincil, Kutukan) were found to carry Leptospira DNA, indicating a significant difference between infection rates per region (p < 0.0001). Rattus tanezumi was identified as the Leptospirosis reservoir in settlements habitats with a percentage of 13.2%, Rattus tiomanicus was detected at 28.6% in forest habitats, and Rattus exulans was found at 4.4% in both habitats. The findings in our study, it is crucial for the community to increase awareness of the spread of rodent-borne diseases, including Leptospirosis.

Bekasam, an Indonesian unique traditional fermented fish as umami sources

Bekasam is a fish that is spontaneously fermented by adding salt and a source of carbohydrates (such as cooked white rice). This traditional food is often found in several regions of Indonesia, especially in South Sumatra, South Kalimantan, and North Sulawesi. Bekasam is traditionally produced to preserve fish during the harvest season. This review aims to present information on the historical background of bekasam, its manufacturing process, chemical characteristics, the types of microflora that exist within it, and the potential utilization of bekasam as a source of umami in dishes. The methodology for this study included a combination of literature review, observational interviews with traditional bekasam producers, experimental bekasam processing, and thorough documentation. A total of 60 articles were collected and chosen based on appropriate criteria. The results of the review article offer several explanations, based on historical aspects bekasam is an adaptation of Chinese cuisine introduced by traders who visited Sriwijaya. In the South Sumatra region, especially among the Ogan and Komering tribes, clay jars left by the Chinese are used to store bekasam in the kitchen. The Komering tribe refers to the fermentation of bekasam as sam-sam. Various microbes are found in bekasam, with the main constituent being Lactobacillus spp., and a significant presence of Lactobacillus plantarum. During fermentation, the proteins in the raw materials of bekasam are degraded into simple compounds, mainly amino acids. Glutamate and aspartate had the highest values in the total composition of the other amino acids. These two amino acids contribute to the umami taste of food products. After exceeding the threshold for glutamate and aspartate, bekasam has the potential to contribute to the umami taste. Due to its umami potential, bekasam has been developed into various cuisines, including fried bekasam, sautéed bekasam, and chili sauce.

Adaptation of Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-12) for Mothers of Children Aged 3-6 Years in Indonesian Context

Adaptation of psychological instruments is very important because of differences in culture and context. This study aims to adapt the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL-12) in an Indonesian context. Initial steps include back-to-back translation, focus group discussions, expert assessments, and pilot studies. From this procedure, the number of items obtained is 12 which is the original ISEL-12 version, there are five revised items according to the context of cultural groups and parenting activities of mothers with children of early child age (3-6 years). The twelve final questions were tested on 533 mothers with an average age of 34.5 years from several regions in Indonesia. Construct validity tests are performed using EFA and CFA. The analysis showed good validity and reliability (Cronbach's alpha: 0.920) and item loading factors ranging from 0.398-0.816 by showing that the three-factor model was suitable, with values based on RMSEA=0.079, CFI=0.923, TLI=0.911 and GFI=0.918. The conclusion is that ISEL-Ind also has 3 aspects in forming social support for mothers who have children in early childhood, namely, tangible support, belonging support and appraisal support. Keyword: Mother’s; Social Support; ISEL

Eksistensi Wilayah Sukadana dalam Dimensi Sejarah

Sukadana is one of the sub-districts in Ciamis Regency which was administratively established in 1992. The name Sukadana itself is an ancient name and has similarities with the name of several regions in Indonesia with quite old existence. This research is quite important because it can open up views on the meaning of the name Sukadana and is the first research to examine the existence of Sukadana in a historical dimension. Based on this, the author is interested in researching the existence of Sukadana and toponymic of Sukadana seen from the historical dimensions. In this research the author uses historical methodology with stages starting from choosing a topic, collecting evidence, making important notes, evaluating, compiling to presenting. Based on the data collected, it can be seen that the area which is now Sukadana District has been listed since the mid-17th century AD. The name Sukadana itself most likely existed long before that. Morphologically, Sukadana has a very sacred role because it is Karesian whose land status is sima land (leuweung kolot). Research on the history of Sukadana must continue to reveal facts about the past of the Sukadana District area.

Kemunculan Rumah Tahfiz: Tren Baru Pendidikan Al-Qur’an dan Pertarungan Identitas Muslim Surakarta

This study aims to discuss the Rumah Tahfiz Qur’an (RTQ), which has recently emerged in several regions of Indonesia. In the historical context of Qur’anic education in Indonesia, these institutions are relatively new. Traditionally, Qur’anic education has been intensively practiced in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) with their longstanding traditions. However, over the past decade, RTQs have proliferated in various regions. Through field research in six districts in Solo Raya, this article demonstrates that the emergence of RTQs is driven by diverse individuals and social groups, each finding their own responses and followers. Notably, most of the founders and managers are young individuals who lack Qur’anic experience from pesantren or specialized Qur’anic training. Additionally, parents who enroll their children in RTQs generally desire for their children to become proficient in reading and memorizing the Qur’an, while they themselves are occupied with work. Consequently, this article argues that RTQs represent a new trend in Qur’anic education that offer a different approach to the traditional pesantren model. Furthermore, this phenomenon reflects a form of identity seeking among Muslims who strive to remain pious and relevant in contemporary times.

Predicting Drought in East Nusa Tenggara: A Novel Approach Using Wavelet Fuzzy Logic and Support Vector Machines

The water crisis, or what is hereinafter referred to as drought, has become a systemic and crucial problem in several regions in Indonesia. Indonesia is an agricultural country, where the presence of water is very influential so that drought can become a natural disaster if it starts to cause an area to lose its source of income due to disturbances in agriculture and the ecosystem it causes. Drought forecasting can provide support solutions in preventing the impact of drought. In this paper, we compare the performance of wavelet fuzzy logic and the support vector machine (SVM) as a supervised learning method for drought forecasting in East Nusa Tenggara. This study examines the monthly rainfall data for 1999-2015 which is the basis for calculating the drought index based on the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The SPI value used is SPI-3 at a station in East Nusa Tenggara. The performance of models is compareded on R2. The results showed that R2 of wavelet fuzzy logic is smaller than one of SVMVM is better than the wavelet fuzzy logic for forecasting SPI value of drought in East Nusa Tenggara.