Seventh Week Research Articles

Varietal preference and efficacy of various chemicals against red pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora foveicollis L.) (Coleoptera: chrysomelidae) in different cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cultivars

Experiments were conducted to determine the resistance level of different cultivars and study the efficacy of various synthetic insecticides against red pumpkin beetle (Aulocohphora foveicollis) at the New Developmental Malakandir Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, during 2018. In the first experimental trial, data were collected on the mean population density of red pumpkin beetle on three cultivars (Desi, Super Green and Madam-560) of cucumber crop. While in the second experiment, three insecticides (Carbaryl, Cypermethrin, Malathion) and an Untreated/Control were used to study the effect of these insecticides on Desi (susceptible) and Madam 560 (resistant) cultivars regarding red pumpkin beetle on cucumber cultivar. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in this experiment. The data on the relevant parameters were recorded at weekly intervals for eleven (1st experiment) and four weeks (2nd experiment) i.e., till termination of the experiments. During first experiment, it was observed that significantly lowest population density of red pumpkin beetle (0.82) per plant and highest yield (8981.3 kg ha-1) was observed from Madam 560, while significantly highest mean population density of red pumpkin beetle (4.06) per plant and lowest yield (7313.7 kg ha-1) was obtained from Desi cultivar. Significantly maximum mean number of red pumpkin beetle plant-1 was recorded in the seventh week (29 May) from Desi, Super Green and Madam 560 cultivars with 6.41, 4.50 and 1.62 beetle plant-1, respectively. During the cropping season, mean population density of red pumpkin beetle plant-1 reached its peak in the seventh week (29 May). After 7th week, a gradual decline was occurred in the mean population density of red pumpkin beetle plant 1. In second experiment, lowest mean population density of red pumpkin beetle adults plant-1 (0.12), area of consumption (3.12 mm2), percentage weight loss (1.60 %) and highest yield (21555 kg ha-1) was recorded from Madam 560 treated with Carbaryl, while highest mean population density of red pumpkin beetle adult plant-1 (7.09), area of consumption (36.11 mm2), percentage weight loss (17.27%) and lowest yield (7247 kg ha-1) was recorded from untreated Desi cultivar. It was followed by untreated Madam 560 cultivar where 5.40, 25.92 mm2, 13.20% and 8766 kg ha 1. Madam 560 is significantly better cultivar than Super Green and Desi, as this cultivar results in lowest population density of red pumpkin beetle and highest yield of cucumber fruit. Carbaryl is significantly better as compared to Malathion and Cypermethrin because it reduces the population of red pumpkin beetle.

A case of unilateral post-COVID-19 adrenal haemorrhage and follow-up during pregnancies.

The spectrum of endocrine-related complications of COVID-19 infection is expanding; one of the most concerning of which is adrenal haemorrhage due to the risk of catastrophic adrenal crisis. In this study, we present a case that highlights the challenging management of a large, indeterminate unilateral adrenal mass during pregnancy and draws attention to a rare yet probably underestimated complication of COVID-19. During hospitalization for severe COVID-19 pneumonia, a 26-year-old woman was incidentally found to have a 12.5 cm heterogeneous left adrenal mass. Soon after the discovery, she became pregnant and upon referral, she was in the seventh week of gestation, without clinical or biochemical features of hormonal excess. The uncertainty of the diagnosis and the risks of malignancy and surgical intervention were discussed with the patient, and a period of radiological surveillance was agreed upon. An MRI scan performed 3 months later showed a size reduction of the adrenal lesion to 7.9 cm, which was against malignancy. A Doppler ultrasound showed a non-vascular, well-defined round lesion consistent with an adrenal haematoma, likely a complication of the recent COVID-19 infection. The multidisciplinary team recommended further radiological follow-up. The patient then spontaneously had miscarriage at 12 weeks gestation. Subsequent radiological surveillance showed a further size reduction of the adrenal lesion to 5.5 cm. The patient conceived again during follow-up, and the repeated Doppler ultrasound showed stable appearances of the adrenal mass, and thus, it was agreed to continue radiological monitoring after delivery. The pregnancy was uneventful, and the patient delivered a healthy baby. An MRI scan performed after delivery showed a stable but persistent lesion consistent with a likely underlying adrenal lesion. Unilateral adrenal haemorrhage can occur as a complication of COVID-19 and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of heterogeneous adrenal masses if there is a history of recent infection. Management of large indeterminate adrenal masses during pregnancy poses several challenges and should be led by an experienced multidisciplinary team. Underlying adrenal tumours may trigger non-traumatic haemorrhages, especially if exacerbated by stressful illness.

Application of thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) bolus in postmastectomy radiotherapy

PurposeTo assess the planned dose, in vivo dosimetry, acute skin toxicity, pain, and distress using Thermoplastic Elastomer (TPE) bolus for postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT). Material and methodsThirty-two PMRT patients with TPE bolus (17 patients for 25 fractions, 15 patients for the first 20 fractions) were selected for the study. The acute skin toxicity, pain, and psychological distress were assessed from the first treatment week to the fourth week after the end of treatment. At the first treatment, the MOSFET was used in vivo dosimetry measurement. ResultsIn vivo dosimetry with the bolus, the dose deviation ranged from −6.22% to −1.56% for 5 points. The presence of grade 1 and 2 skin toxicity reached its peak (70.0% and 13.3%) in the sixth week. Two patients (6.6%) with 25 fractions bolus experienced moist desquamation in the fifth and seventh week, with pain score 2 and 3, and interruptions of 3 and 5 days, respectively. The incidence of pain score 1, 2, and 3 peaked in the fifth (33.3%), fourth (33.3%), and seventh (10.0%) week. No patients experienced grade 3 skin toxicity and severe pain. One patient had significant anxiety, and two patients had significant depression. ConclusionThe TPE bolus can accurately fit skin and improve the surface dose to more than 90%. Twenty fractions with TPE bolus had similar skin toxicity and pain to those without bolus and did not increase patients' distress and clinical workload, compared with the literature's data, which is an alternative to the 3D printing bolus for PMRT.

Proteomic analysis of IgM antigens from mammary tissue under pre- and post-cancer conditions using the MMTV-PyVT mouse model.

We analyzed the recognition of tumor antigens by IgM in transgenic MMTV-PyVT mice. PyVT female mice are a model of breast cancer that simulates its counterpart in humans. The PyVT model allows studying antigen recognition in two conditions: before and during tumor expression. We attempted to identify by sequence, the antigens recognized by IgM that are expressed or disappear in the membrane of breast transgenic tissue during the transition “No tumor-Tumor”. 2D immunoblots were obtained of isolated membranes from the breast tissue in the fifth, sixth, and seventh week (transition point). Proteins recognized by IgM were sequenced in duplicate by MALDI-TOF. In the transition, we observed the disappearance of antigens in transgenic mice with respect to non-transgenic ones. We believe that in the diagnosis of cancer in its early stages, the expression of early antigens is as important as their early delocalization, with the latter having the advantage that, under normal conditions, we can know which proteins should be present at a given time. Therefore, we could consider that also the absence of antigens could be considered as a biomarker of cancer in progress.

Home and Outpatient Physical Therapy Utilization Following Total Ankle Replacement.

Physical therapy (PT) following total ankle replacement (TAR) is often considered, but guidelines for its use are not standardized. Although patient factors may dictate recommendations, this retrospective cohort study aims to characterize baseline utilization practices to set the stage for establishing generalizable recommendations. TAR patients were identified from the 2010-2019 M91 Ortho PearlDiver data set based on administrative coding. Patient factors were extracted, including age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI), region of the country in which patients' surgery was performed (Midwest, Northeast, South, West), and insurance plan (commercial, Medicaid, Medicare). The incidence, timing, and frequency of home or outpatient PT utilization in the 90 days following TAR were identified. Inpatient PT was not captured. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses allowed identification of predictive factors for PT utilization. Of 5412 TAR patients identified, postoperative PT services were used by 2453 (45.3%). Most PT was outpatient (38.3% of the study population) compared to home (4.1% of the study population). Weekly utilization of PT was greatest in the first week following surgery (17.7% of PT visits) and thereafter followed a roughly bell-shaped curve, with utilization greatest at 7 weeks following surgery (14.9% of PT visits).Independent predictors of PT utilization following TAR included having surgery performed in the Midwest (relative to the South, OR 1.37, P < .0001), Northeast (OR 1.20, P = .0217), or West (OR 1.26, P < .0021) and having commercial (relative to Medicare, OR 1.87, P < .0001) or Medicaid insurance (OR 1.46, P = .0239). Of 5412 TAR patients, 42.5% used PT within 90 days of surgery. PT utilization was highest in the first and seventh weeks following surgery, and demographic predictors of PT use were defined. Through identification of timing and predictors of PT utilization following TAR, PT care pathways may be better defined. Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Physical Therapy Utilization Within 90 Days of Total Ankle Arthroplasty

Category: Ankle; Arthroscopy; Other Introduction/Purpose: Physical therapy (PT) following total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is often considered, but guidelines for its use are not standardized. While there may be patient factors that dictate recommendations, establishing a baseline of utilization practices may set the stage for establishing generalizable recommendations. Methods: This retrospective cohort study employed data from the 2010 to 2019 M91Ortho PearlDiver administrative dataset. Those undergoing TAA were identified based on coding, and patient factors were extracted, including: age, sex, Elixhauser Comorbidity Index (ECI), region of the country in which patients' surgery was performed (midwest, northeast, south, west), and insurance plan (commercial, Medicaid, Medicare). The incidence, timing, and frequency of PT utilization in the 90-days following TAA were identified as occurring at home or in an outpatient setting. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses allowed the identification of predictive factors for PT utilization. Results: Of 6,563 TAA patients identified, 2788 (42.5%) utilized postoperative PT services. Most services were done as an outpatient (63.4%), compared to at home (6.1%). Weekly utilization of PT was greatest in the first week following surgery (17.7% of those who utilized PT) and thereafter followed a roughly bell-shaped curve of utilization with the greatest incidence at seven weeks following surgery (14.9% of those who utilized PT). Multivariate analysis identified multiple predictors of PT utilization following TAA, including: older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.23 per decade increase, p &lt; 0.0001), higher ECI (OR 1.03 per 2-point increase, p = 0.0383), having surgery performed in the midwest, northeast, or western US (relative to the South OR 1.43, p &lt; 0.0001; 1.20, p = 0.0109; and 1.32, p &lt; 0.0001, respectively), and having commercial or Medicaid insurance coverage (relative to Medicare OR 1.96, p &lt; 0.0001 and 1.62, p = 0.0006, respectively). Conclusion: Of 6,563 TAA patients, 42.5% utilized PT within 90 days of surgery. PT utilization was highest in the first- and seventh weeks following surgery, and demographic predictors of PT use were defined. Through identification of timing and predictors of PT utilization following TAA, algorithms for PT usage may be better defined and consistently employed.

Striking Kaiser MH therapists reject contract offer

As the Kaiser strike moves into its seventh week, mental health therapists on Sept. 24 rejected a contract offer from the Health Maintenance Organization that they said did not come close to addressing the core issues of understaffing and inadequate care for 4.6 million Kaiser Permanente health care insurance members in Northern California and the Central Valley.

Analysis of Some Variable Energy Companies by Using VAR(p)-GARCH(r,s) Model : Study From Energy Companies of Qatar over the Years 2015–2022

In this study, the nature of the weekly stock price relationships of several Qatar energy companies, namely the weekly stock price of Qatar Fuel Company (QFLS), Qatar Gas Transport Company (QGTS), and Qatar Electricity and Water Company (QEWC), will be discussed. The duration of data weekly stock price is from January 2015 to April 2022. This study aimed to obtain the best model for the weekly stock price relationship of the three companies QFLS, QGTS, and QEWC. The multivariate time series analysis method will be used to evaluate the data. From the analysis using multivariate time series modeling, the best model is VAR(3)-GARCH)(1,1). Based on this best model, further analysis is carried out, namely Granger causality, impulse response function (IRF), and forecasting for the next 12 periods. The Granger causality test found that the QFLS has Granger causality on the QGTS (unidirectional), while the QGTS and QEWC variables have bidirectional Granger causality. The IRF analysis indicated that if there is a shock of 1 standard deviation in QFLS, then QFLS and QEWC will fluctuate for the first six weeks and move toward equilibrium from the seventh week onwards, while the impact on QGTS can be ignored. Suppose there is a shock of 1 standard deviation in the QGTS. In that case, the QFLS and QEWC will respond by fluctuating for the first six weeks, and at the seventh week and move toward equilibrium, while the impact on QGTS can be ignored; and if there is a shock of 1 standard deviation in QEWC, then QFLS and QEWC will respond negatively and fluctuating for the first six weeks, and at the seventh week toward equilibrium, while the impact on QGTS is negligible. Forecasting for the next 12 periods shows that the farther the forecasting period, the larger the standard error. This indicates that the ffarther the period is, the more unstable it is.

Process Analyses of Impulsive Behavior in Binge-Eating Disorder During the Randomized Controlled IMPULS Trial

Impulsivity represents a risk factor for patients with binge-eating disorder, and we therefore investigated the treatment process of impulsive behaviors including binge-eating episodes in the randomized controlled IMPULS trial. Using 8 weekly online questionnaires throughout the assessment period, we compared 41 patients participating in the IMPULS program, which emphasized impulsive eating behavior (IG), with 39 control patients who received no intervention (CG). We assessed the frequency of binge eating, other impulsive behaviors, situations in which such behaviors could be inhibited, and the execution of alternative behaviors. Results indicate a stronger binge-eating reduction in the IG compared to the CG at the fifth, seventh, and eighth treatment weeks. Overall, both groups reduced other impulsive behaviors. They did not differ in the amount of inhibited impulsive behaviors and showed similar alternative behaviors, “distraction” most frequently used. IG patients evaluated the IMPULS program as very helpful. The stronger reduction of binge eating in the IG and positive evaluation of the treatment indicate a specific treatment effect regarding impulsive eating behavior. The reduction of other impulsive behaviors across both groups, and the initial reduction of binge eating within the CG, could be explained by an increased degree of self-observation.

STUDENTS' PREFERENCES IN ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING DURING COVID-19

The educational community is in shambles as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Pre-diploma students have particular challenges since they are unfamiliar with higher education, lack the tools necessary for efficient online distance learning, and are not academically driven. Pre-diploma UiTM students are primarily from low-income families. This aggravates problems with their online learning environment. University students must be independent learners due to the high demand for online education when the epidemic occurs. This study aims to look into 35 pre-diploma students' views on their autonomy in online English classes. The information was gathered near the end of the semester. Students asserted that their level of control over their online learning was minimal at the start of the semester, as was to be expected. They spent weeks trying to take control of their academic lives. The students discovered, however, that by the seventh week, they had more control over their online learning, indicating that they were beginning to understand what was happening in their virtual English classrooms. Once they understood that this is the only way to learn during the pandemic, they felt more at ease with their liberty in learning. This study also discovered that these brand-new undergrads positively embraced and adopted online learning as a novel method of training.

Genetic parameters of weekly egg production using random regression models in two strains of Japanese quails.

The main objective of the present study was to detect the most appropriate random regression model for estimating the genetic parameters of weekly egg production. Two strains of Japanese quails including wild and white quails and pure and cross mating methods were considered. The egg collection started at the seventh week of age and lasted for 7weeks. A random regression model using Legendre polynomial was used to analyze the weekly egg records. The model with Legendre polynomial of order 1 for the additive genetic and order 3 for permanent environmental effect was chosen as the appropriate model, based on Bayesian information criterion (BIC) and Akaike information criterion (AIC). The heritability estimates for weekly egg production were low (ranging from 0.06 to 0.09). Furthermore, the ratios of permanent environmental variance to the phenotypic variance were almost moderate, varying from 0.18 to 0.44. Genetic and phenotypic correlations between weekly egg records ranged from 0.65 to 0.93 and from 0.27 to 0.67, respectively. These results indicated that the selection based on the early egg numbers could effectively improve egg production in later periods. Furthermore, the efficiency of egg production can be enhanced with a combination of breeding programs and management strategies.

The Effect of Positive Intervention Dosing Frequency: Fixed Intervals May Decrease More Depression than Flexible Ones.

Positive interventions (PIs) that are based on the theory of positive psychology have proven to be effective in improving well-being and alleviating depression. However, little research has explored the effect of dosing intervals on experimental effects. As such, this study designed strength-based PIs using cognitive reframing theory and compared flexible and fixed dosing intervals to find out which one could more effectively reduce depression with equal total amounts of dosing. The 8-item Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (8-item CES-D) and the Positive reframing scale (PRS) were adopted as research instruments. A total of 193 Taiwanese college students were recruited as the research sample and they were randomly assigned to experimental Group A (fixed dosing intervals), experimental Group B (flexible dosing intervals), and the Control Group. The research participants received 17-day interventions with follow-up tests administered in the seventh week of the experiment. Ultimately, 157 participants completed the experiment. According to the ANCOVA results, participants in experimental Group A showed significantly lower degrees of depression than those in the Control Group in both post-test and follow-up stages and displayed greater effect size in the follow-up stage than in the post-test stage. The results indicated that the design of fixed dosing intervals enabled the participants to effectively integrate reflections on reframing learned during PIs into their life. On the contrary, participants in experimental Group B exhibited no significant difference in the degree of depression from those in the Control Group during either the post-test or follow-up stage and manifested poorer effects in the follow-up stage than in the post-test stage. These results demonstrated that fixed dosing intervals achieved better effects than flexible dosing intervals. Participants receiving fixed dosing intervals could more effectively execute cognitive reframing and showed longer-lasting experimental effects, whereas participants using the design of flexible dosing intervals were more prone to forget to implement PIs and attain less positive effects as a result.

Varietal preference and efficacy of various chemicals against red pumpkin beetle (Aulacophora foveicollis L.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in different cucumber (Cucumis sativus) cultivars

Experiments were conducted to determine the resistance level of different cultivars and study the efficacy of various synthetic insecticides against red pumpkin beetle (Aulocohphora foveicollis) at the New Developmental Malakandir Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, during 2018. In the first experimental trial, data were collected on the mean population density of red pumpkin beetle on three cultivars (Desi, Super Green and Madam-560) of cucumber crop. While in the second experiment, three insecticides (Carbaryl, Cypermethrin, and Malathion) and an Untreated/Control were used to study the effect of these insecticides on Desi (susceptible) and Madam 560 (resistant) cultivars regarding red pumpkin beetle on cucumber cultivar. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used in this experiment. The data on the relevant parameters were recorded at weekly intervals for eleven (1st experiment) and four weeks (2nd experiment) i.e. till termination of the experiments. During first experiment, it was observed that significantly lowest population density of red pumpkin beetle (0.82) per plant and highest yield (8981.3 kg ha-1) was observed from Madam 560, while significantly highest mean population density of red pumpkin beetle (4.06) per plant and lowest yield (7313.7 kg ha-1) was obtained from Desi cultivar. Significantly maximum mean number of red pumpkin beetle plant-1 was recorded in the seventh week (29 May) from Desi, Super Green and Madam 560 cultivars with 6.41, 4.50 and 1.62 beetle plant-1, respectively. During the cropping season, mean population density of red pumpkin beetle plant-1 reached its peak in the seventh week (29 May). After 7th week, a gradual decline was occurred in the mean population density of red pumpkin beetle plant-1. In second experiment, lowest mean population density of red pumpkin beetle adults plant-1 (0.12), area of consumption (3.12 mm2), percentage weight loss (1.60%) and highest yield (21555 kg ha-1) was recorded from Madam 560 treated with Carbaryl, while highest mean population density of red pumpkin beetle adult plant-1 (7.09), area of consumption (36.11 mm2), percentage weight loss (17.27%) and lowest yield (7247 kg ha-1) was recorded from untreated Desi cultivar. It was followed by untreated Madam 560 cultivar where 5.40, 25.92 mm2, 13.20% and 8766 kg ha-1. Madam 560 is significantly better cultivar than Super Green and Desi, as this cultivar results in lowest population density of red pumpkin beetle and highest yield of cucumber fruit. Carbaryl is significantly better as compared to Malathion and Cypermethrin because it reduces the population of red pumpkin beetle.

P-388 Isolation and characterization of human uterine fluid lavage-derived extracellular vesicles by three different methods for optimal embryo transfer timing discovery

Abstract Study question What is the suitable method for isolating extracellular vesicles (EVs) from a small volume of Uterine Fluid Lavage (UFL)? Summary answer It seems that the qEV column can help in faster, precise, and gentle isolation of EVs from small amounts of UFL. What is known already Several studies have discovered that existing EVs in the UFL, which are informative carriers, reflect cytological and molecular conditions of the uterine environment. The relative amounts of the EV components are different in various physiological situations. So, they are the ideal source for precise molecular analysis of the uterine condition to identify the Window of Implantation (WOI) for appropriate embryo transfer (ET) timing. There is limited information describing the most efficient method for EV isolation from a low-volume sample of biological fluids. In particular, EV separation from some biological fluids such as UFL is more complicated because of the viscosity. Study design, size, duration The study was conducted in two steps; first, the pre-implantation UFL sampling effect was studied on the implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. UFLs were obtained from 20 IVF Frozen Embryo Transfer (FET) patients as the case group. The control group consisted of 20 FET patients without lavage. In the second step, UFLs (n = 30) were collected and pooled. The EVs were extracted by ultracentrifugation (UC), Sucrose cushion (Suc), and Size-exclusion chromatography (by the qEV column) methods. Participants/materials, setting, methods First, UFL was collected two days before frozen blastocyst ET from the case group using an intrauterine insemination catheter attached to a syringe. Then, patients were compared with control at the seventh week. Second, EVs were extracted from pooled UFL samples and characterized by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Western Blot (WB). Albumin contamination was detected by SDS-PAGE. Total RNA was extracted, and Real-time PCR was performed for six housekeeping genes. Main results and the role of chance A comparison between case and control groups indicated no significant difference for implantation and clinical pregnancy rates. Moreover, we have confirmed the presence of EVs in UFL that were successfully isolated, by the UC, Suc, the qEV methods. The SEM images showed that the collected vesicles were morphologically spherical. The DLS analysis revealed that the intensity peak of isolated particles with the UC and Suc methods were 281 nm and 216 nm, respectively. Extracted EVs using the qEV technique were smaller and homogenized in size, with an intensity peak of 67.7 nm. SDS-PAGE of EVs showed a weaker albumin band in the qEV column (with a 100 kDa filter) method than the UC, Suc, and qEV column (with a 30 kDa filter) methods. Although, their quantification showed no significant differences. WB analysis indicated common EV markers (D81, CD9, CD63, and TSG101) showed better expression using the qEV extraction technique. But CD9 and TSG101 had lower expression levels in EVs isolated using Suc and UC, respectively. Calnexin was not detected in the isolated EVs. The GAPDH, 18SrRNA, ACTIN, GUSB, HMBS, and YWHAZ genes were detected by real-time PCR in all three EV extraction methods. The 18SrRNA gene showed better CT values. Limitations, reasons for caution Uterine fluid samples collection from qualified study groups and the patient’s follow-up for ensuring successful implantation and clinical pregnancy are time-consuming. The low volume of uterine fluid lavage sample and consequently the low number of extracellular vesicles inside it was also the limitation of this study. Wider implications of the findings Endometrial receptivity assay is difficult to study non-invasively. Herein, endometrial secretome EVs as a minimally invasive source for uterine environment molecular assessment is presented. High-throughput analysis of EV components can offer biomarkers for individual determination of ET timing, providing an additional method to use with transvaginal-ultrasonography for assessing endometrial receptivity. Trial registration number not applicable

Fibropreventive and Antifibrotic Effects of Uncaria gambir on Rats with Pulmonary Fibrosis.

Pulmonary fibrosis causes scar tissue formation that disrupts the functioning of the lungs. Uncaria gambir (Hunter) Roxb (hereafter gambir)—a plant native to West Sumatra in Indonesia—contains flavonoid (+)-catechin, which has strong antioxidant activity and can be used to combat pulmonary fibrosis. This random in vivo experimental study analyzed the antifibrotic effect of gambir on the lungs of rats with bleomycin-induced fibrosis. The subjects were 10 groups of 10-week-old male rats weighing around 200–250 g. All groups were terminated at the end of the seventh week or on day 50. The lungs were cleaned, and tissues were taken to analyze inflammatory cell counts and TGF-β1 levels using bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) with ELISA; type I collagen and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) levels using immunohistochemistry (IHC); and activation of NF-κB using ELISA and Western blot assays. The most severe histopathological characteristic based on the modified Ashcroft score was in the bleomycin group (BG), whereas the mildest was in the 262 mg/kg of the bodyweight antifibrotic gambir-dosed group (AF G262). The results showed a significant difference in the BAL inflammatory cell count (p=0.017; p < 0.05). AF G262 differed most from the other antifibrotic groups in terms of the number of inflammatory cells (0.63), TGF-β1 levels (3.80), and NF-κB levels (0.48), followed by the 131 mg/kg of the bodyweight antifibrotic gambir-dosed group (AF G131), which also differed most from other antifibrotic groups in terms of NF-κB (0.48), TIMP-1 (11.74), and collagen I (14.50) levels. Western blot analysis showed that the fibropreventive and antifibrotic groups had a specific band size of p65, whereas no specific band binding existed in the control group. This study concluded that the administration of AF G262 could improve fibrosis by lysing the extracellular matrix (ECM) in rat lungs.

Comparing Naltrexone and Metformin Pretreatment for Inducing Ovulation in Patients With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Intrauterine Insemination Cycles

Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder among women. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are normally observed in PCOS patients and metformin is used to treat this disease. The evidence indicates that the opioid system plays a role in the pathogenesis of the PCOS. Based on the above-mentioned explanation, the present study evaluated the role of opioid antagonist (naltrexone) in PCOS-induced infertility compared to metformin. Materials and Methods: Totally, 120 patients afflicted with PCOS were assigned to three groups based on Rotterdam diagnostic criteria, with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-30 kg/m2 . The first group received naltrexone (50 mg/d) for 8 weeks. In addition, the second group were injected with metformin 1000 and then 1500 mg/d for the first and seventh weeks, respectively. Finally, the third group entered the intrauterine insemination (IUI) without prior therapeutic treatment. Then, the groups were compared in terms of the amount of estradiol produced per day of human chorionic gonadotropin injection and the total amount of gonadotropin needed, the number and size of the adult follicles, the number of days of taking the drug, and incidence of pregnancy-induced abo Results: Based on the results, the mean of infertility duration was not significant among the three groups (P=0.782). Further, the mean fasting insulin level between the metformin and control groups represented a significant difference (P=0.045). The average number of days to trigger patients in the 3 groups was not significant (P=0.346). Although the average number of follicles between metformin and naltrexone groups was not significant, it was higher in the naltrexone group. Finally, the average BMI of the naltrexone group after the treatment was lower compared to before treatment (P≤ 0.001). Conclusions: In general, the number of receiving days and the dose of the drug in the naltrexone group was lower compared to the metformin group. Furthermore, the number of mature follicles in both ovaries and the serum estradiol level in the naltrexone group was higher compared to the metformin group.

A case report on the efficacy of a short-term physiotherapy intervention strategy in the initial stages of Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune progressive disease of demyelination of the central nervous system with subsequent axonal damage. The symptoms are due to loss of oligodendrocytes, but CNS diseased effects are often controlled through rehabilitation. The goal of this study is to see if early physiotherapy rehabilitation combined with immunosuppressants can suppress and minimize symptoms while also slowing down the illness process from the first day of hospitalization to six weeks, which normally causes the patient's condition to deteriorate. The patient is required to follow the physiotherapy guidelines for a period of six weeks. Based on their symptoms, the patient's interventions were gradually increased each week. The functional independence measure (FIM) and the Short Form survey-12 were used to assess the patient's everyday quality of life in the first week and then again in the seventh week (SF-12).There is a variation in the value of outcome measures after the 7th re-assessment. The FIM level has risen from 3-moderate assistance with assistance to 6-modified independence without assistance. The SF-12 physical score improved significantly from 48.020307 to 56.57706, whereas the SF-12 mental score changed just slightly. Multiple sclerosis disease impairment is mostly caused by disease progression, but it can also be exacerbated by decreased physical activity, which causes muscle weakness, limited range of motion, and stiffness. Exercise and training have demonstrated improvement of the above-mentioned deteriorations in multiple sclerosis patients

MTHFR C677T rs1801133 GENE POLYMORPHISM AS A RISK FACTOR FOR NONSYNDROMIC CLEFT PALATE ONLY AMONG DEUTERO MALAY SUB RACE IN INDONESIA

Nonsyndromic cleft palate only (NS CPO) is a congenital malformation that arises from palatal fusion failure process at the seventh week of palatogenesis with a prevalence of 1:1000 live birth worldwide. The MTHFR C677T rs1801133 gene polymorphism is one candidate gene that can be associated with NS CPO. This study aims to determine the risk factor for NS CPO through MTHFR C677T rs1801133 analysis among the Deutero Malay subrace of the Indonesian population. This study was a case-control design, using samples from venous blood of 50 NS CPO subjects and 51 healthy control subjects. After DNA was extracted, followed by PCR, the PCR-RFLPs method was performed using the HinfI restriction enzyme. The Chi-Square test was used with the Kolmogorov Smirnov and Exact Fisher alternatives. The results showed that CT genotype (OR=2,960, p&lt;0.05) of MTHFR C677T rs1801133 gene polymorphism can increase the risk of NS CPO. MTHFR C677T rs1801133 gene polymorphism is a risk factor associated with NS CPO among the Deutero Malay subrace in the Indonesian population.

To study the association between various levels of cord serum albumin (CSA) and significant neonatal hyperbilirubinemia requiring interventions like phototherapy or exchange transfusion.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Hyperbilirubinemia is most common normal physiological phenomenon in neonates affecting almost one third of newborn.it may lead to neuro disability leading to deafness and cerebral palsy which can be prevented if detected and treated as soon as possible. Albumin is produced in seventh week of intrauterine life and it can be measured by cord blood and in this study we can establish serum albumin with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and can be treated by phototherapy or exchange transfusion.Material and Method:The study consists of 55 randomly selected eligible term neonates delivered at Rajendra Institute of Medical sciences from March 2019 to August 2020.Conclusion:In this study, in term neonates, level of serum albumin in umbilical cord less than 2.8 g/dl has no correlation with occurrence significant hyperbilirubinemia, so a level <2.8 gm/dl of serum albumin in umbilical cord blood can be used as critical value indicator in triaging predict the risk of occurring of significant hyperbilirubinemia in term neonates.level >3.4 gm/dl is considered safe in neonates who are the candidates for early discharge in the absence of other risk factors.

Evaluation of Fracture Healing After Thyroidectomy in Rabbits Model

This research aims to investigate the fracture healing effects caused by thyroidectomy. The experiment involved sixteen matured male rabbits of local breed which divided into 2 equal groups (control and treated). Rabbits anesthetized by premedicated atropine sulphate, then 15 minutes later, a mixture of Xylazine Ketamine was used. The control group rabbits were induced with mid-shafted femoral fracture, with that, the fixation by intramedullary pinning was considered Meanwhile, the treated group rabbits were induced with same method mentioned above, but fracture were fixed after thyroidectomy and measurement of thyroxin a week after thyroidectomy. Results which were obtained from the clinic revealed signs of severe inflammatory reaction in control group which were higher comparing to treated group. These sings were disappeared within 4-5 days in treated group, while, it took 5-6 days in control animals. Also, radiological results of 2 groups showed that a periosteal reaction was observed towards the end of the 2nd week in the control group, whereas, the treated group showed its reaction at the end of fourth week, there was an invisible fracture line for both control and treated groups at the end of fourth and seventh week, respectively. In addition, bony bridge in the control groups became remodeled into a lamellar bone earlier than treated group. The results of measuring thyroxin hormone before and after the thyroidectomy confirmed the essential role of this hormone in fracture healing. To conclude that the fracture healing maturity was greater in control group than in treated group.