"The Party Central Committee's Proposal on Formulating the Seventh Five-Year Plan for the National Economy and Social Development" pointed out that, in establishing a new economic structure, efforts should be made to fit in the needs of a planned commodity economy based upon public ownership. Three key elements are to be grasped: infusing enterprises with new vitality, establishing a commodity market, and an indirect control system. The three go together. This article will focus on some questions of the market mechanism and macroeconomic control under existing conditions.