Seventh Edition Research Articles

What do readers want? Results of an online survey to involve readers in updating the seventh edition of the Manual of dietetic practice.

The Manual of dietetic practice ('Manual') is the core textbook for qualified and student dietitians. A survey was conducted to explore views on the scope, content and presentation of the Manual to inform the forthcoming edition. The survey comprised of questions on demographics, structure, content, access (print/digital), missing topics, strengths and weaknesses. It was distributed to members of the British Dietetic Association (BDA) and other relevant groups in August 2022. Responses are presented as frequencies and free text as themes. Of 1179 responses, 91% were from professionals, of whom 72% were registered dietitians with a mean of 12.7 years (range: 1-44) in practice: 60% worked in the United Kingdom with 52% based in a clinical setting. The printed version was preferred: 59% professionals, 60% students, 94% professionals and 88% students were satisfied with the structure; however, 26% professionals and 22% students identified content that was lacking or outdated, including mental health and sustainability. The strengths were its comprehensive coverage and respected contributing authors. Weaknesses included the cost, size, lack of visual aids and currency. Professionals indicated the seventh edition should focus on more practical information required for clinical practice, whereas students wanted more emphasis on summarised information and visual formats. The survey proved a valuable method to engage with the readership to ensure the next edition reflected their requirements. Although nearly all respondents were satisfied with the scope and content, the results highlighted those topics lacking and/or outdated. Results also showed that the next edition should focus on practical information required for clinical practice, with more summarised and visual formats.

Global Shift, Seventh Edition: Mapping the Changing Contours of the World Economy by Peter Dicken

<i>Global Shift, Seventh Edition: Mapping the Changing Contours of the World Economy</i> by Peter Dicken

Establishment and validation of a prognostic nomogram for patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma

BackgroundColorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma is a relatively rare tumor, for which a prognosis prediction model is lacking. Based on the data from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and Fujian Cancer Hospital, the study constructed and validated a prognostic nomogram to assess overall survival of patients with colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma(CRNEC). MethodsWe extracted data of patients diagnosed with CRNEC from the SEER database. These patients were randomly divided into a training cohort(N = 1425) and an internal validation cohort(N = 612). Data of patients diagnosed with CRNEC in Fujian Cancer Hospital was collected as an external validation cohort(N = 54). A prognostic nomogram was established. The performance of the nomogram was assessed with ROC curve, C-index and calibration curve. Decision curve analysis(DCA) and ROC curve were used to compare the prediction efficacy of nomogram with the seventh edition of the TNM classification of the American Joint Commission of Cancer. ResultsNine variables were identified as independent predictors. Nomogram were established by the nine variables. AUC of the nomogram in predicting 1-, 3- and 5-year OS were 0.900, 0.912 and 0.915 in training cohort, 0.900, 0.925 and 0.919 in internal validation cohort, 0.900, 0.903 and 0.928 in external validation cohort. C-index were 0.845, 0.854 and 0.837. Calibration curves overlapped well with reference lines. Compared with the AJCC TNM staging system, the nomogram performed more effectively. Patients classified into low-risk and high-risk groups by the nomogram scores and performed well in stratification. ConclusionThe prognostic nomogram established and validated in our study can accurately and effectively predict the prognosis of patients with CRNEC.

Accuracy Verification of Satellite Products and Temporal and Spatial Distribution Analysis and Prediction of the CH4 Concentration in China

In this study, the spatiotemporal variations in CH4 concentrations in China from 2003 to 2021 are investigated, and their trends are forecasted over the next decade. Based on the seventh edition standard product retrieved by the atmospheric infrared detector (AIRS) at an altitude of 500 hPa, we verified monthly CH4 products using observational data provided by the World Data Center for Greenhouse Gases (WDCGG) from six ground stations in and around China. The correlation coefficients (R values) between the two data sets ranged from 0.68 to 0.92, signifying the ability of AIRS inversion data to represent temporal and spatial changes in surface CH4 concentrations. Additionally, China was classified into three regions (steps) based on terrain, and the changes in CH4 concentrations were assessed from three perspectives: spatial distribution, interannual variation, and seasonal variation. The results revealed that the CH4 concentration decreased with elevation along a topographic gradient, with high-value areas located in the first and second steps, corresponding to the eastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, northern Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Over 19 years, the average increase in CH4 concentration has ranged from 65 to 175 ppb. In addition, the CH4 concentrations were higher during summer and autumn and lower during spring and winter. Finally, a SARIMA model was used to predict the near-surface CH4 concentration trend in China over the next ten years, which indicated a continued seasonal increase.

McQuail, D. &amp; Deuze, M. (2020). McQuail’s Media &amp; Mass Communication Theory (seventh edition). London: SAGE. 672 pp.

Article McQuail, D. & Deuze, M. (2020). McQuail’s Media & Mass Communication Theory (seventh edition). London: SAGE. 672 pp. was published on April 1, 2022 in the journal Communications (volume 0, issue 0).

Lung neuroendocrine neoplasms: a single centre surgical series and analysis of staging.

To review the outcomes of surgically resected lung neuroendocrine neoplasms (LNEN) at a tertiary referral centre and to validate a previously published LNEN-specific staging system (NETL). All patients who were identified on histopathology to have LNEN were included. Pre-, intra- and post-operative outcomes were collected, including long-term survival. Patients were staged by both the TNM (seventh and eighth edition) and NETL staging (seventh and eighth edition definitions). Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis was performed according to histopathology and stage, along with uni- and multivariate analyses. A total of 132 patients were included in the study, with a median age of 65 years; 55% were female. Typical carcinoid (TC) was the most common pathology (53.4%) followed by large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC - 23.5%), atypical carcinoid (AC - 20.5%) and small cell carcinoma (3.0%). The most common operation performed was a lobectomy (55.3%). Overall survival at 5 years was 80% (100% TC, 78.2% AC, LCNEC 40.9%) and 5-year disease free survival was 76.8% (TC 94.3%, AC 56.8%, LCNEC 56.4%). KM curves showed a trend towards NETL performing better than TNM, however, in multivariate analysis only the histological subtype was found to be significant in our study. This is the largest known Australian series of LNEN to date, showing survival comparable to international outcomes. We have demonstrated large variations in outcome, driven by histological grade. The TNM system does not correlate with survival and we have not been able to show that currently proposed NETL staging is superior.

Remembering Ruth Milligan Ballweg, MPA, PA-C Emeritus.

Remembering Ruth Milligan Ballweg, MPA, PA-C Emeritus.

Analysis of particle therapy registries based on a unified treatment policy for esophageal cancer.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of particle therapy (proton beam therapy and carbon-ion radiotherapy) for esophageal cancer by analyzing prospective nationwide registry data from particle therapy facilities throughout Japan. Patients diagnosed with esophageal cancer who received particle therapy between May 2016 and June 2018 were recruited from the registries of 12 particle therapy centers in Japan. Eventually, we enrolled 174 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Of the 174 patients, 137 (78.7%) were male, with a median age of 69years (range: 41-88years). Clinical stages included I (n = 55; 31.6%), II (n = 31; 17.8%), III (n = 82; 47.1%), IV (n = 3; 1.7%) and unknown (n = 3; 1.7%) (Union for International Cancer Control, seventh edition), and the median follow-up period was 908days (range: 76-1669days) for all patients. The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate, the 3-year progression-free survival (PFS) rate and the 3-year local control (LC) rates were 60.5, 53.2 and 72.7%, respectively. For each clinical stage, the 3-year OS rates were I, 84.8%; II, 60.3% and III, 42.9%; the 3-year PFS rates were I, 71.9%; II, 58.3% and III, 37.0% and the 3-year LC were I, 78.4%; II, 79.8% and III, 65.2%, respectively. Notably, four patients (2.3%) with ≥Grade 3 cardiopulmonary toxicities were observed (Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 5.0). Our study showed that particle therapy for esophageal cancer has lower rates of adverse cardiopulmonary events than X-ray radiotherapy.

Objective Geographic Information System-Based Context Classification Approach Using Nationally Available Data

For decades the functional classification system (FCS) has guided roadway planning and design in the U.S.A. However, the FCS has a narrow focus, is auto centric, and because of its reliance on a binary classification scheme it lacks the resolution needed to develop context-sensitive designs. National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 855, An Expanded Functional Classification for Highways and Streets, introduced an expanded context classification system that supports more integrative and context-adapted roadway designs. This system was subsequently adopted in the seventh edition of the Policy of Geometric Design for Highways and Streets ( Green Book). Transitioning from the FCS to context classification entails a major shift in design practices. The context sets expectations for each setting and informs project development. Despite its advances, NCHRP Report 855 lacks guidance on quantitative measures for performing roadway classification. This paper resolves this issue by presenting an objective geographic information system (GIS)-based process transportation agencies can adopt to define contexts and weave context classification into the entire project development process. The proposed classification is based on measures that can be computed using readily available data, such as the TIGER/Line roadway data, U.S. Census urban-area data, U.S. Census population and employment data at the tract level, building polygon data, and GIS-derived intersection and street data. The application process outlined here provides the basic steps for implementing context classification at the state, regional, or project level.

The report of the 7th National Scientific Conference Poland's national security. Threats and determinants of changes. Challenges for state security in the era of 21st century threats,Gorzw Wielkopolski, April 21 22, 2022

On April 21-22, 2022, at the Academy of Jakub from Parady in Gorzw Wielkopolski, the seventh edition of the nationwide scientific conference was entitled Poland's national security. Threats and determinants of change. This year's theme were challenges for state security in the era of 21st century threats. Contemporary challenges and threats in the field of security require scientific reflection, exchange of views, construction of improved concepts of action and proper forecasting and anticipation of changes taking place in the security environment, which should help rationalize and improve the effectiveness of actions taken by the state.

A combination of vaccination, early multiple-round overall screening, traditional Chinese medicine intervention and “treatment window forward” can reduce the proportion of severe and critical patients with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant infection—Experience from the COVID-19 treatment center of Heilongjiang Province

A combination of vaccination, early multiple-round overall screening, traditional Chinese medicine intervention and “treatment window forward” can reduce the proportion of severe and critical patients with SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant infection—Experience from the COVID-19 treatment center of Heilongjiang Province

Daniels' Orchestral Music by David Daniels, David W. Oertel, and David A Rahbee

Reviewed by: Daniels' Orchestral Musicby David Daniels, David W. Oertel, and David A Rahbee Joseph Boonin Daniels' Orchestral Music. 6thed. By David Daniels, David W. Oertel, and David A Rahbee. (Music Finders.) Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2022. [xii, 1443 p. ISBN 9781442275201 (hardback), $155; ISBN 9781442275218 (e-book), $207.] There was a period of ten years between the fourth and fifth editions of Orchestral Music. A gap of a mere seven years has seen the appearance of the sixth. While the gap has been reduced, there has been a quantum increase in the heft of this basic reference work. While the fifth edition weighed in at five pounds and 885 pages, the sixth edition presents itself at seven and a half pounds spanning some 1,443 pages. In fact, the sixth edition is so heavy that some users—the present reviewer is an example—will find it a chore just to lift it. If one might offer a solution to the authors and publisher, they might consider breaking the seventh edition into two volumes. This can easily be accomplished by putting the front matter and the main index in volume one and the various indexes and supplementary material in volume two. Had this been done in the sixth edition, we would have been presented with a volume one of ca. 958 pages and a volume two of ca. 485 pages. An added bonus for the user would be the ease in consulting the supplements and indexes without having to abandon one's place in the main body of the work. The preceding contains virtually all the reviewer's negative feelings about the work. Over the past fifty years, spanning six editions, Daniels' Orchestral Musichas grown from a modest tool best used in conjunction with other tools, such as the two-volume catalog of the Edwin A. Fleisher Music Collection. Through the single-handed efforts of David Daniels, the work has grown both qualitatively and, as described in the preceding paragraph, quantitatively. The first three editions employed a variant of the standard notation for the description of orchestral forces—especially in the area of wind instrument doubling. Daniels quickly discovered the inadequacy of this and took steps to indicate more fully the nature of the players and the parts they are expected to play. This was made possible to a great extent by Daniels's insistence on firsthand inspection of the scores in order to determine, with no room for doubt or confusion, the precise nature of the orchestral forces involved. The authors have indicated that over four thousand entries had been updated. They also admit, however, that there remain about two hundred entries still displaying possibly ambiguous information. One must take a moment to acknowledge the multiple authors of the present edition. At the time of publication of the fifth edition, Daniels announced that it would be the last edition he would edit. Oertel and Rahbee were named at that time as the new generation of the Davidic dynasty. Daniels remained in contact with Oertel and Rahbee until shortly before his death in April 2020, but the torch had been passed five years previously with the publication of the fifth edition. As with previous editions, the listing for each work provides specific and accurate descriptions of the forces required—both in terms of instruments and number of players. Timings are also provided, although one must always take timings with several grains of salt, since even the same conductors have performed works with varying durations. In the case of multimovement works, a listing of each movement is given with tempo indications and, if appropriate, the names of the movements. Timings are also provided for each movement, with the previous caution applicable here as well. The various indexes and appendixes are explained in some detail in the [End Page 388]present writer's reviews of the fourth edition ( Notes62, no. 4 [June 2006]: 949–50) and the fifth edition ( Notes72, no. 4 [June 2016]: 768–69). Needless to say, all this supplementary matter has been expanded to include titles added to the work since the previous edition. The present writer is loath to plagiarize from himself to...

The Singapore Biennale 2022: Whom Does Natasha Speak To?

Abstract: The seventh edition of the Singapore Biennale was developed during the global pandemic of Covid-19. Its team of four Co-Artistic Directors wished for the exhibition to reflect on the interiority of the artworks rather than follow a large-scale format that focused on the visual spectacle. Spread in diverse locations around the island, the exhibition's most thought-provoking works required a deep engagement on the part of the viewer to fully understand their context and narrative. The exhibition came across as four separate curations rather than a synergetic collaboration among its curatorial team and missed the opportunity to delve deeper and wider into some of the themes that its artworks engaged in.

A Contrastive Analysis of the Semantics and Cognition of Chinese ‘虎/老虎’ and Korean ‘호/범/호랑이’

This paper made a contrastive analysis between Chinese ‘虎/老虎’ and Korean ‘호/범/호랑이’. First, it made a one-way analysis from the dictionary definition and word formation. ‘虎’ is a monosyllabic morpheme, and ‘老虎’ is an additional word formation of ‘prefix+root’. ‘호’ is a Chinese character word corresponding to ‘虎’, which can only appear on the words of Chinese characters，‘범’ is an inherent word, and ‘호랑이’ is a Chinese character word, which has nothing to do with the meaning of ‘虎狼’. Secondly, a contrastive analysis was conducted based on 71 words included in the Modern Chinese Dictionary (the seventh Edition) and 235 words included in the 표준국어대사전(标準国语大辞典). The emotional color of derogatory is higher than that of commendatory. Finally, using metaphor and metonymy, interpreted the cognitive analysis of Chinese ‘虎/老虎’ and Korean ‘호/범/호랑이’.

Economic Burden of Recurrence Among Resected Medicare Patients With Early Stage NSCLC

IntroductionPatients with early NSCLC (eNSCLC) who experience recurrence are associated with worse survival outcomes, but the economic burden of recurrence is not well characterized. This study evaluated the incremental health care resource utilization and costs of recurrence in Medicare patients with resected eNSCLC. MethodsThis retrospective observational study used Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry data linked with Medicare claims. Eligible patients were 65 years and older with newly diagnosed NSCLC stages IB to IIIA (American Joint Committee on Cancer Staging Manual, seventh edition) and surgery between January 2010 and December 2017. Continuous enrollment criteria were applied to ensure appropriate data capture. Per patient per month (PPPM) health care resource utilization and all-cause direct costs were compared for patients with versus without recurrence, which was identified from claims data using diagnosis, procedure, or drug codes. Patients were matched (1:1) using exact matching on cancer stage and treatment, and propensity score matching on other characteristics. ResultsIn total, 2035 (44%) out of 4595 patients had evidence of recurrence. After matching, 1494 patients were included in each cohort. Patients with recurrence had a significantly higher number of inpatient visits (+0.25 PPPM), outpatient visits (+1.10 PPPM), physician services (+3.70 PPPM), and emergency department (ED) visits (+0.25 PPPM; all p < 0.001). The average follow-up PPPM cost in the recurrence cohort was U.S. dollars $7437 and $1118 in the no-recurrence cohort, resulting in a difference of $6319 PPPM (p < 0.001) with inpatient costs as the largest contributor. ConclusionsOn the basis of a real-world population, the recurrence among patients with resected eNSCLC is associated with increased health care resource utilization and costs.

Morphological process found in Fore language in Papua New Guinea

This study is aimed at finding out what morphological processes and morphological rules represented in Fore Language in Papua New Guinea. The data were morphophonemic and taken from “Laboratory Manual for Morphology and Syntax” Seventh Edition written by Merrified et.al., and published in 2003 about Fore Language of Papua New Guinea. The data consist of pronoun markers including first singular (1s), second singular (2s), third singular (3s), and first plural (1p). The Item-and-Process was used to analyze the morphophonemic data. The researcher found that to construct the person markers in Fore Language, the underlying form of the words should be substituted, inserted, or deleted after attached to the underlying form of the suffix. The rests of the findings will be discussed further.&#x0D; Keywords: morphological process; fore language; person marker; morphophonemic; item-and-process&#x0D;

IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: The New Database to Inform Revisions in the Ninth Edition of the TNM Classification of Lung Cancer

In the past 20 years, the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer (IASLC) has been working on a global project to revise the TNM classification of lung cancer. The first and second phases of the staging projects proposed recommendations for revision of the TNM classification, which were adopted by the Union for International Cancer Control and the American Joint Committee on Cancer as their seventh and eighth editions of the TNM classifications of lung cancer. For the third phase of the IASLC Staging Project, a new database of lung cancer cases diagnosed between January 2011 and December 2019 has been established. The Staging and Prognostic Factors Committee of the IASLC is in charge of the process of proposing new recommendations. The newly established database consisted of 124,581 cases. The data were obtained from Asia and Australia (56.0%), Europe (24.7%), North America (15.7%), South/Central America (3.4%), and Africa and the Middle East (0.1%). After cases with incomplete data are excluded, 87,043 cases were enrolled in the analysis, of which 52,069 (59.8%) were invasive adenocarcinoma and 15,872 (18.2%) were squamous cell carcinoma. Both clinical and pathologic stages were available in 44,831 (51.5%) cases. Analyses of this database are expected to provide proposals for changing the TNM classification toward the ninth edition, which is scheduled to be in use in January 2024. This newly established global database on lung cancer is described to provide fundamental elements for revisions of the TNM rules for staging lung cancer.

Mixed states in bipolar disorder: The DSM-5 dilemma

Although clinical descriptions of mixed states date from the beginning of the 19th century, the first use of the term mixed state dates back to French nosological descriptions by Falret in 1861, who thus described "predominant ideas often of a sad nature, in the middle of a state of excitement simulating true mania", but also "inverse states, an extreme confusion of ideas which is combined with the calm of movements and the appearance of reason". It is rather in Germany that the mixed state will be integrated into a homogeneous conception of a psychiatric disorder, similar to our modern conception. Kraepelin describes it more completely in the seventh edition of his treatise. Weygandt, a student of Kraepelin, contributed to the description of mixed states and wrote a treatise specifically on this subject. Kraepelin's conception will be expanded by differentiating on the one hand the transitional forms (the mixed state being a form of passage between the manic and depressive poles) and the autonomous forms (with a worse prognosis). Akiskal offers an interesting enrichment of Kraepelinian and Hamburgers in mixed states. To do this, he uses his work on temperaments. Some clarification therefore seems necessary on the notions of temperament, character, and personality before delving deeper into this data. A decisive synthesis work is carried out by McElroy, et al. whose objective is then to establish an exhaustive review concerning the clinical characteristics, demographic, evolutionary, biological, familial, comorbidity, or response therapy of mixed states. Mixed states appear today in international classifications and are defined there as the summation of manic and major depressive episodes, both complete. Considering these definitions as too restrictive, some authors propose other broader and very variable criteria.

Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma.

Neoadjuvant treatment for stage III and IV cutaneous melanoma.

Conquering APA Style for the Seventh Edition: Advice From APA Style Experts

In this updated article, APA Style experts give advice about conquering APA Style based on the seventh edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2020; cf. Hughes et al., 2017). Learning and teaching APA Style can be difficult because of the many rules (Hughes et al., 2017), and the seventh edition added additional rules and changed existing rules that writers are expected to follow. This article is meant to be a resource for those teaching and learning APA Style. The first part of the article covers these new rules. The second part details common writing issues that APA Style tutors often see. The third part gives writing tips and tricks to help in a research methods course. The next part contains APA Style rules that many writers do not know, and the final part has style rules often missing from empirical research submissions to academic journals.