Typology Of Settlements Research Articles

Reorganization of Population Placement System in Northwestern Siberia as a Reflection of Socio-Economic Policies of USSR in 1930s-1950s

This study examines the changes in the population placement system within Northwestern Siberia during the 1930s-1950s. It provides an overview of the settlement network that formed the basis of population distribution in the region. Previously unpublished archival data on settlement typology, population size, resettlement to the north during industrialization and collectivization, and post-war periods are introduced into scholarly discourse. The dynamics of population size and distribution in national districts are discussed, along with an exploration of the ethnic composition of rural settlements’ inhabitants. The study notes a decrease in the proportion of indigenous peoples alongside an increase in the number of Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Germans in the ethnic composition of the population, largely due to mass forced migrations. It is concluded that compared to the 1920s, there was a reduction in the number of small settlements of nomadic peoples (yurts, reindeer camps) during the period under review. As a result of sedentarization efforts among the indigenous population of the region, a significant portion of their settlements became permanent and acquired town status. The typological structure of the settlement network changed: the number of “alien” type settlements decreased, giving rise to “special settlements,” an increase in towns, and rural nonagricultural settlements such as animal farms, forestry areas, and settlements near factories.

Mito, tipo e destino della casa mista nelle Alpi centrali

Tacitus’ La Germania is a crucial foundation for any literary analysis of the origins of the domestic constructions in the Alps, where two cultures converge: that of the German log builders and the Latin stone masons. These narrative gains strength from the observation that two distinct settlement typologies are linked to these construction traditions: the former do not live in villages but occupy the territory in a scattered manner with rough constructions, while the latter form urban centres built more civilly with worked stones and bricks. The Alps represent a geographical border, an indefinite, permeable, and absorbent watershed that has facilitated a continuous exchange between these cultures since ancient times. The coexistence of stone and wood is, in fact, the defining characteristic of the Alpine house, particularly in the central Alps. The relationship between the wooden and stone parts of the se buildings assumes the value of a collective ritual. This ritual, celebrated in architecture, expresses the social life, economy, and nature of its territory. The “mixed type” house remained a subject of incessant exploration throughout the twentieth century and the focal point of a heated and fruitful cultural debate, just as the Mediterranean house represented the model of eternal modernity for the rationalist architects of the twentieth century. The essay explores the potential of the Alpine “mixed” house as representative of a model of enduring environmental sustainability.

Functional typology of settlements in the Srem region, Serbia

Abstract The development of the functional settlement typology methodology is of academic and practical importance as it incorporates the social, economic, and demographic dimensions of regional development. Rural settlements are seen as a base for labor; traditional urban centers have become a base for commuters, while at the same time, new economic centers are emerging where capital investment is accumulating. This article presents the research conducted in the Srem region (located in the province of Vojvodina) to determine the functional typology of the settlement, which is of social, economic, and demographic importance for the region itself and for Serbia as a whole. This well-known immigration area in Serbia has been inhabited for centuries for its specific economic and political reasons. The very intensive economic activities of the last two decades have been influenced by development investments and contributed to the functional transformation of the settlements. The census data from 2022 make it possible to determine a functional typology of settlements in the Srem region using the factor method (principal component analysis). The article aims to explain the basic characteristics of functional types of settlements and to determine the mechanisms of their territorial distribution, which would be helpful in the future planning and organization of local and regional development of the Republic of Serbia.

Understanding Traditional Malay Communities In Riau Using The Levi-Strauss Framework Of Structuralism

Riau is one of the provinces in the middle of the island of Sumatra. Geographically, Riau's land stretches from the slopes of Bukit Barisan to the coast of the Strait of Malacca. Many traditional Malay settlements are found along the Kampar River, Rokan River, Kampar River, and Indragiri River. Malays are very dominant in Riau Province, but there are also various other ethnic tribes such as Chinese, Banjar, and others. This study will examine the typology of Malay settlements in Riau Province. Typology is the study of types, that is, the attempt to conduct a review of types based on certain criteria. In this case, the framework of Levi-Strauss structuralism is the basis for a review of typology. Levi-Strauss believes that structuralism based on structural studies developed in culture, such as myths, beliefs, language, and symbols can be used as a reference for understanding a society including in the study of traditional settlements. This study uses literature research methods. The stages of the literature review are determining research topics, collecting information and data through various materials and scientific papers, discussion, and writing. Learn from various information about Malay settlements in Riau Province such as the Koto Sentajo settlement, Akit Tribe settlement, Kampung Dalam settlement, Siak Hulu settlement, and Rokan Hulu Defense Village settlement. Culture played an important role in the formation of these traditional Malay settlements. Each Malay settlement formed its distinctive features based on the cultural structure that was developed and adopted. Different cultural elements such as Malay dialects, social strata structures, customary institutions, rituals, inheritance, and kinship systems affect different typologies of traditional Malay settlements.

Promising Trends in the Development of Rural Settlement Architecture — the Trend Towards Eco-Settlements

The purpose of the work is to study the architecture of eco-settlements. The relevance is due to the fact that the trend towards eco-settlements is one of the promising directions in the development of rural settlement architecture. This is due to the growing recognition of the need to develop sustainable, self-sufficient communities capable of meeting their own energy, food and water needs while minimizing their environmental impact. Eco-settlements are designed to be compact, comfortable for walking and integrated with the surrounding nature. As a rule, they feature buildings built using locally renewable materials and designed in such a way that they are energy efficient and low-cost. Renewable energy sources such as solar panels and wind turbines are used to provide residents with electricity. In such settlements, attention is paid to the social interaction of residents, community involvement through the use of public spaces, public gardens and other amenities. In the course of the work, the world experience was summarized and general trends were identified. It is concluded that the functional typology of settlements is a reflection of the foundations of its existence. It reflects the peculiarities of the industrial activity of the population, the role and place of the territory in the local economy, etc. The historical features of the emergence and development of rural settlements, the cultural traditions of the inhabitants, and the geographical characteristics of the area have an impact on the modern appearance. In general, the trend towards the spread of eco-settlements represents a promising step torward in the development of rural settlement architecture. By prioritizing sustainable development, self-sufficiency and community engagement, eco-settlements help to rethink what it means to live in a rural community in the 21st century.

Opportunities to improve the typology and regional development of rural settlements in Bulgaria

Within the European space, there is more and more talk about the differences between the center and the periphery, regional development at different speeds, depressed states of the settlements and other problems with a focus on the condition and functioning of the settlements. Our focus is on rural areas and their particularities of settlement and functioning of the settlements in them. In this direction. We set ourselves the goal of deriving the regularities caused by the historically developed network that rural settlements form in the EU and to propose an up-to-date methodology for the typology of villages. This is possible only by systematizing the facts and establishing the main types of approaches and criteria for typology.

Re-thinking Chalcolithic landscapes in southeast Iberia: the case of the Middle Antas river (Almeria, Spain)

Our understanding of Chalcolithic settlements in southern Iberia (c. 3200–2200 bce) has changed dramatically in recent decades. Instead of clearly bounded and dense settlements, archaeology is establishing a range of site types, some sparsely settled, some quite large. Such varied settlement typology is now understood as being part of a thriving period of development, which included monumental tombs, high-quality craft organisation and highly dynamic exchange networks. This article presents recent work around the River Antas in Almeria, Spain, which has revealed a complex settlement network along the river for the period in question. This new evidence challenges our understanding of prehistoric habitation in the area and poses new questions about major settlement pattern changes in the prehistory of the region.

Особенности постсоветской трансформации систем городского расселения Республики Коми в условиях сжимающихся городов и убывающих поселков городского типа

The paper considers the post-Soviet period of transformation of the urban settlement network and urban settlement system of the Komi Republic. The dynamics of the population of shrinking towns and decreasing urban-type settlements under the conditions of increasing negative demographic processes in the period between the population censuses of 1989 and 2020 is analyzed. The main problems of development and typology of urban settlements and urban aglomerations of the region are revealed. General approaches to their solution and possible options for further actions are proposed, depending on the complexity of the socio-economic and demographic situation.

Tyumen District in 1920s: Settlement Numbers and Development Features

The subject of this study is the rural settlements of the Tyumen district in the first quarter of the 20th century. It is noted that during this period, the Tyumen district was situated at the heart of the Tyumen region, ranking first in terms of population size (44,545 people) and the area of territory covered (5.4 thousand square kilometers). The paper examines changes in the number and typology of settlements within the Tyumen district through the lens of its rural localities. It has been established that the district’s settlement network consisted of 177 localities, falling into 11 types, with villages making up a significant proportion — over 50%. This fact indicates that in long-settled regions, settlement networks have existed in virtually unchanged forms despite various external and internal factors. Fifteen villages were identified as creating the framework of the Tyumen district’s settlement network, demonstrating resilience and successfully adapting to new conditions. For instance, data from 1912 and 1926 show that population numbers in these localities were growing, especially in those settlements occupying advantageous (central) positions within the existing network. Many villages in the Tyumen district attained this status during the Soviet period, even though at the beginning of the 20th century they were mere villages. Successful new connections between settlements were facilitated by transportation factors (the presence of railways, tract roads, and a navigable water artery — the Tura River).

Network of Settlements in Novosibirsk District in 1920s: Population, Structure and Development Features

The study analyzes the population, typology, and size of settlements in the Novosibirsk district, which was one of the administrative-territorial units of the Siberian region in 1925—1930. The peculiarities of the development of the settlement network in this district are determined in comparison with neighboring districts. Data on the quantitative ratio of settlements of different types, their household and population composition are presented for the first time, and continuity and transformation in the development of the settlement system in the district are traced. The relevance of the study lies not only in the poorly studied nature of the topic but also in the possibility of using historical experience from previous generations to build an effective agricultural policy and revive the Russian village in its modern stage of development. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the functioning of the settlement network in the early years of Soviet power, including the typical structure of its units, the average number of peasant households in settlements of different types, and the placement of mono-ethnic settlements in the Novosibirsk district. A new trend has been noted in transforming rural settlements into urban ones, expressed in a refusal to make purely administrative decisions on this issue in favor of taking into account the sequential evolution of a specific settlement.

First Millennium Urbanism in Central Asia: Typology and Evolution of Dzhety-asar Settlements

Abstract Despite its apparent size and length of its existence, the Dzhety-asar culture of Kazakhstan remains one of the great unknowns of Central Asian archaeology, comprising, as it did, several dozen now-ruined settlements with an almost thousand-year long occupational history. First settled around the 1st century BC and gradually abandoned in the second half of the 1st millennium AD, the Dzhety-asar towns and manors were located to the east of the Aral Sea within the Syr Darya delta, and may have functioned as a core element in Central Asia’s medieval trade networks. Despite past research efforts by the Khorezmian Archaeological Ethnographic Expedition (KhAEE), the cultural and political history of the Dzhety-asar people remains largely unclear, with as yet no consensus on the political structure or their ethnic, linguistic and religious make-up. The present paper does not presume to answer these questions at this stage, as it is the result of two fieldwork seasons documenting and surveying Dzhety-asar settlements. It is, instead, intended to lay out the preliminary findings, presenting a revised typology of sites, and suggest initial hypotheses regarding the structure and possible evolution of the culture.

Between the Urban and the Rural: What do Rural Community Organisations Represent in Lithuania?

Rural community organisations (RCOs) are part of a non-governmental organisations network, an effective tool for tackling local problems and reducing growing territorial exclusion. Despite their significance, it is not fully clear how many of these organisations exist in Lithuania. This is due to several reasons: the typology of settlements in the national law (more specifically, the definition of rural areas) no longer reflects the demographic reality, and the definitions contained in the sub-legislation are ‘manipulated’. In the context of the activities of RCO, this is a flawed practice as it slows down the empowerment of the existing potential of organisations. The article presents the issue of the RCO network as well as addresses the problem of the typology of the settlement system itself. Adapting the research practice opens a scientific debate to launch a search for answers to emerging problems.

The Morphology of Pangururan District

This study discusses the morphology of the Pangururan District in terms of its forming factors, spatial expressions formed, solid-void patterns, and building typology. It is necessary because, as the capital of Samosir Regency, Pangururan District often experiences growth and development. So, it is essential to understand the morphology of this district to avoid collisions between the problem of physical form and the quality demands of urban planning. Using a qualitative descriptive research methodology approach, researchers collect the data needed by secondary data collection techniques, namely through related literature studies. The results showed that Pangururan District had fan-shaped cities and fragmented cities. Moreover, the configuration of the solid-void space forms an organic pattern. The typology of community settlements scattered alongside the waterfront adapts to the physical form of nature and nearby tradition.

Typology of Settlement Development in Riverbanks in Pontianak

The development of Pontianak begins from the influence of the existence of the Kapuas River and its tributaries. The river used to be a space for community activities, with many houses and villages built based on their proximity to the river. The settlement grew to fill the land on the banks of Kapuas River first until they spread to its tributaries. This research aims to identify the typology of settlement development in riverside communities in Pontianak from time to time. This research employed a qualitative method with a comparative study. The researcher collected secondary data in the form of a map of the condition of settlements in Pontianak from time to time obtained from the historical records of Pontianak. Then, the data were compared and analyzed to obtain a typology of settlement development in the riverside communities in Pontianak. The study’s results, namely the typology of settlements on the riverbanks in Pontianak, revealed the settlements that follow the structure of the riverbanks, ditch canals, and the settlements that lead to land roads. This can happen because of an increase in the number of people every year, accessibility range, and economic movement factors.

Typology of Settlement Development in Riverbanks in Pontianak

The development of Pontianak begins from the influence of the existence of the Kapuas River and its tributaries. The river used to be a space for community activities, with many houses and villages built based on their proximity to the river. The settlement grew to fill the land on the banks of Kapuas River first until they spread to its tributaries. This research aims to identify the typology of settlement development in riverside communities in Pontianak from time to time. This research employed a qualitative method with a comparative study. The researcher collected secondary data in the form of a map of the condition of settlements in Pontianak from time to time obtained from the historical records of Pontianak. Then, the data were compared and analyzed to obtain a typology of settlement development in the riverside communities in Pontianak. The study’s results, namely the typology of settlements on the riverbanks in Pontianak, revealed the settlements that follow the structure of the riverbanks, ditch canals, and the settlements that lead to land roads. This can happen because of an increase in the number of people every year, accessibility range, and economic movement factors.

Trends in economic dynamics of Russia’s classic old industrial region: The case of the Sverdlovsk oblast

The scientific paradigm of studying old industrial regions is of interdisciplinary nature, which is due to their complexity and uniqueness. The research aims to generalise about and systematise the scientific heritage concerning the factors behind and conditions of emergence, formation and transformation of old industrial regions, as well as peculiarities of their economic structure and dynamics. Methodologically, the research relies on the economic and social geography (principles underlying the typology of settlements), and regional science (regional economics and an economic genetic approach to regions). The study applies methods of formalisation, systematisation, time series analysis, bibliometric and content analysis and examines the data of Russia’s Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Ministry of Economics and Territorial Development of the Sverdlovsk oblast. As a result, the paper substantiates the sustainability and resilience of the regional economy of Sverdlovsk oblast, a typical representative of Russia’s old industrial regions, in conditions of global external challenges; reveals the main factor behind the sustainability and resilience of the old industrial region; interprets the ‘genetic code’ of the Sverdlovsk oblast characterised by a historically emerged industrial specialisation; justifies the prospects for the new modernisation, which will strengthen and refine the revealed ‘genetic code’ to ensure the economic dynamism of the old industrial region under the new sanctions-induced challenges. The authors specifically point to an increasing significance of the Sverdlovsk oblast in conditions of the current crisis, since only this region in Russia retained the official status of the “supporting edge of the state”.

Ліквідація хуторів у північних районах Львівської області в другій половині ХХ ст.

The settlement structure of the countryside was the most affected by administrative and territorial reforms during the Soviet period. Radical changes took place in rural settlements in late 1940s and early 1950s. Earlier Soviet regime stopped the transformation of the peasantry into a farming stratum by force. The growth of the farm type motivated the spread of dispersed forms of rural settlement. The main thesis of the article is large-scale process of liquidation of small settlements in the second half of the twentieth century as the result of state policy of the USSR. This led to the destruction of dispersed forms of rural settlements. Khutirs represented sole homekeeping and entrepreneurial initiative in rural areas in the second half of the twentieth century; they were declared a major obstacle to collectivization. Unification of social, political and economic life in the USSR did not provide for the existence of such settlements. The liquidation of the khutirs was to overcome peasant individualism. The scattered form of resettlement and land use contradicted the principles of organizing the work of collective farms. Archival documents show that the khutirs were also considered the main centers of support for the underground movement. The basis for the liquidation of khutirs was the resolution of the Central Committee of the VKP(b) (All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)). CPSU(b) and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR of May 27, 1939. The total liquidation of khutirs in the western regions of Ukraine was continued by the resolution of the Council of Ministers of Ukrainian SSR and the Central Committee of the VKP(b) № 2467 of August 12, 1950. The new stage of the campaign began on July 4, 1952 with the issuance of another order of the Government of the USSR. The liquidation of farms took other forms in the following years. On the example of the northern districts of Lviv region, changes in the settlement structure are highlighted in this article. In the northern districts of Lviv region, a khutir was the main type of small-scale settlement that belonged to one rural community. The destruction of the khutirs began under the initiative of the central government of the USSR, which did not take into account the interests of the peasants. Lists of settlements to be resettled were formed on the basis of proposals sent to the regional authorities by the heads of district executive committees. The lack of clear criteria for the typology of settlements has led to heterogeneity of the lists. The resettlement process only had a coordinated form at the documentary level. In fact, people have experienced huge difficulties and inconveniences related to the new rural order, housing, land development, shortages of goods and so on. Large-scale process of liquidation of small settlements in the second half of the twentieth century was the result of state policy of the USSR. The disappearance of this type of settlement is connected with the implementation of a purposeful state policy.

Paradigmatic foundations of health resorts’ municipal economics (case of Russia’s urban districts)

The scientific paradigm of exploring health resort towns’ municipal economies is just emerging and becomes a relevant research issue, because the problems of maintaining, promoting and restoring population health have been gaining particular significance recently. The paper aims to generalise about and systematise the scientific heritage concerning the factors behind and conditions of appearance, as well as peculiarities of economic structure and dynamics of urban settlements, the principal function of which is providing health resort services. The methodological basis of the research rests on an interdisciplinary approach that combines the achievements of economic and social geography (principles underlying the typology of settlements), economic sociology (theory of the consumer society), and municipal science (municipal economics as its main part). The research benefits from methods of systematisation and formalisation, bibliometric analysis and content analysis. As a result, the study explicates the scientific paradigm of the research of health resorts’ municipal economies and exemplifies it by the case of Russia’s urban districts; identifies essential characteristics of the concept “urban district of a health resort type”; and justifies the peculiarities of functioning and transformation of municipal economies of health resort towns. The said peculiarities include special infrastructure, high degree of specialisation, distinct seasonality of municipal economy, dependence of business activities on the characteristics of the arriving population. The theoretical and methodological findings allow organising scientific achievements in the field of functioning and transformation of the municipal economies of health resort towns and outlining the directions for further exploration to complete the paradigmatic foundations and determine the key predictors of the future dynamics and economic growth.

Typology of Waterfront Settlement in The Sibolahotang Street Balige

Based on bathymetric measurements (Lukman 2010) the circumference of Lake Toba is 428.7 km. Toba Samosir regency coastline length is 115.8 km or 24.7% of the total length of Lake Toba’s coastline. Balige district as the capital of Toba Samosir Regency has a density level of 49023 people/km2. With a large population and the highest density level in Toba Samosir regency, residential areas spread from the center to the outskirts of the Balige district. Along with technological advances in the current era of globalization, the potential for tourism in Indonesia is growing rapidly. Residents who live on the shores of Lake Toba compete in the tourism sector by establishing various types of inns, restaurants and various recreational areas along the shores of Lake Toba. Each waterfront settlement on Sibolahotang Street has different typology from one another waterfront settlement. By observing the waterfront settlement typology, this research is carried out so that an appropriate planning and designing towards the settlement can be done in the future

Typology of rural settlements in the West Herzegovina Canton

The paper presents the typology of rural settlements in the West Herzegovina Canton. Since the middle of the 20th century, the rural areas of the Canton have been facing numerous negative economic and demographic processes. Given that, according to the OECD criteria, they make up over 90% of the county's area, they therefore deserve more attention. Based on the analysis of existing typologies, a new typology was created for the purposes of this paper, which is based on a disaggregated model, and six types of rural settlements were defined based on the analysis of natural geographic and socioeconomic factors.