Settlement Services Research Articles

ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ РАСЧЕТНО-КАССОВОГО ОБСЛУЖИВАНИЯ В БАНКЕ

At the moment, being in the market of commercial banks, we are facing increasing competition. The study of the organization of cash services in the bank seems relevant, since most of the operations and settlement mechanisms of economic entities are carried out in a cashless manner through banking structures. The issue of choosing a banking structure in which an economic entity will be serviced at a suitable tariff is becoming increasingly important. The article presents the regulatory regulation in relation to cash services; the list of the main services included in the package of settlement and cash services has been formed. The main criteria for choosing a bank to connect a salary project are considered; the mechanisms for providing self-collection and acquiring services are analyzed. The strengths and weaknesses of the offered banking products are revealed.

CONNECTING ARTFULLY TOWARD PROMOTING THE MENTAL HEALTH OF IMMIGRANT WOMEN IN CANADA: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Although Canada is a popular destination for immigrants, studies of the mental health of immigrant women in Canada have shown some of migration’s potential negative impacts. These studies also showcase how social support through community engagement can improve and maintain mental health by reducing immigrant women’s hopelessness and boosting their resilience. Additionally, because it promotes self-expression and self-confidence, engagement with art can be beneficial for health outcomes. Community arts programs serve as a space for creating artworks and exchanging social support and can have a positive psychological influence on participants. For instance, community arts programs can facilitate participants’ self-expression and the development of new friendships and artistic skills. Despite the existence of diverse community arts programs across Canada, there are few Canadian-focused scholarly studies investigating how engagement with these programs may contribute to participants’ mental health. In this paper, I investigate the association between engagement with art and its mental health–related outcomes among immigrant women in Canada. To explore this relationship, I provide a review of the scholarly literature on artmaking and mental health among immigrant women in Canada and assess how community art programs may impact their mental health by offering opportunities for social support exchanges. This paper argues that community art programs foster space for promoting mental health among immigrant women, and provides suggestions for researchers, mental health professionals, settlement service providers, and policy-makers in the field of migration.

Bridging infrastructure: Conceptualising non-state organisations in complex refugee settlement service landscapes

This article conceptualises the work of non-state organisations in the refugee and migrant settlement sector with a focus on universal services, bureaucratic process and social dimensions of settling in a new country. In so doing it augments conceptualisations of ‘social infrastructure’, to encompass the social, emotional and administrative dimensions of social connection in diverse societies. Drawing on analysis of non-state organisations in the settlement services sector in Melbourne, Australia, we reveal the crucial work of organisations in developing programs and initiatives that recognise the complexity of mainstream welfare services, engage with the intangible social and emotional aspects of service provision, and that contribute to the accumulation of knowledge and expertise of complex and opaque services landscape. Moving beyond conceptualisations of social infrastructure as everyday community spaces, we introduce the concept of ‘bridging infrastructure’ to denote the work of organisations in interpersonal facilitation of social networks that enable access to wider services; the creation of friendly and welcoming community spaces; and the development of knowledge and expertise about a complex services landscape. Recognising the crucial role of the non-state sector in the dynamic process of humanitarian settlement, we contend that limited conceptualisations of social infrastructure risk removing ‘the social’ from bureaucratic and non-state services landscapes that support settlement lifeworlds.

Exploring Mexican Immigrant Settlement in the Suburbs of Vancouver

In the current age of migration, suburbs in many Canadian cities are becoming important ports of entry for new immigrants from around the world. This has led to a growth in cultural, ethnic, and racial diversity in the suburbs reflecting global migration patterns. In Vancouver, Canada, the growing “suburbanization” of immigrants is shaping social, cultural, economic, and political landscapes in these areas. Through interviews with 60 key informants, we explore the settlement of Mexican immigrants in Burnaby, Surrey, and Abbotsford, fast-growing Canadian communities, and popular destinations for Mexican immigrants. The findings reveal that Mexican immigrants living in the suburbs of Vancouver face numerous barriers, including lack of access to affordable housing to rent or buy, lack of information on settlement services, and difficulty securing acceptable employment.

Formal and informal support networks as sources of resilience and sources of oppression for temporary foreign workers in Canada

AbstractIn this article, we explore temporary foreign workers’ (TFWs) access to and experiences with formal and informal supports in Canada. Our study utilized a participatory action research design and four overlapping phases of data collection: individual interviews with current and former TFWs, focus groups, individual interviews with settlement service agencies, and a cross-sectional survey with current and former TFWs. We used an intersectional theoretical framework to analyze these data and explore ways that TFWs interact with formal and informal sources of support for navigating their precarious immigration status and integration in Canada. Our findings show these supports have the potential to both benefit and harm TFWs, depending on their social positioning and availability of institutional resources. The benefits include information that aids settlement and integration processes in Canada, while the harms include misinformation that contributes to status loss. Future research and policy should recognize the complexity of informal and formal support networks available to TFWs. An absence of government support is apparent, as is the need for increased funding for settlement service agencies that serve these workers. In addition, Canada should better monitor employers, immigration consultants, and immigration lawyers to ensure these agents support rather than oppress TFWs.

Housing and the resettlement experiences of refugee claimants in Hamilton, Ontario

While existing research has explored refugees’ experiences with resettlement, few have focused specifically on refugee claimants who arrive in their destination country with limited access to settlement services compared to other entry categories. Using qualitative research techniques, this study seeks to explore the experiences of refugee claimants as they search for housing in the medium-sized Canadian city of Hamilton, Ontario. More specifically, this article explores the successes and challenges refugee claimants’ face in the housing market. Through interviews with service providers, volunteers, and refugee claimants themselves, refugee claimants face additional barriers that limit their success in the housing market beyond cost and housing affordability that are common experiences faced by everyone regardless of immigration status. Based on the interviews, two main themes were identified, including strict rental applications and structural barriers faced by refugee claimants. Taken together, these barriers hinder a refugee claimants’ ability to access housing and often result in their exclusion from housing.

Separate collection rates for plastic packaging in Austria – A regional analysis taking collection systems and urbanization into account

According to the EU Circular Economy Package, recycling of plastic packaging waste (PPW) has to be enhanced significantly by 2025 and 2030. Although a set of measures will be required along the whole value chain of plastic packaging, the process of separate collection remains the backbone. Hence, a detailed understanding of the performance of current separate collection systems is crucial. As a case study, the separate collection of PPW was analyzed within a single country, Austria, where a variety of collection procedures are implemented. By using the method of material flow analysis, separate collection rates in terms of quantities and qualities were analyzed for separate collection systems of different settlement patterns, target fractions, and service levels provided. Results show that the highest performance was achieved in systems that cover mainly rural areas and where all plastic packaging wastes are collected through curbside collection, with separate collection rates of 74–77%. With additional collection via collection centers, these values increased to 78%-83%. In comparison, the results for urban areas showed the lowest separate collection rate of 56%. In the case that separate collection targeted plastic bottles only, maximum collection rates of around 50 % were observed, with the tendency towards higher collection rates if co-mingled with metals. To enhance separate collection, a general shift to the target fraction “all plastic packaging” instead of “plastic bottles only” is crucial. Modelling of optimized collection systems in all Austrian regions would lead to a theoretical total separation collection rate of 74%.

Management and vulnerability analysis of the existing built-up area in the Pangandaran coastal area to the tsunami disaster

The rapid development of the coastal area for settlement and commercial service could increase vulnerability to natural hazards. This study aimed to analyze the settlement development management in the coastal area of Pangandaran Regency of West Java toward tsunami disaster risk mitigation. This study is essential because Pangandaran coastal area faces directly toward the subduction zone between Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates, which lead to tsunami hazard. For vulnerability analysis, spatial analysis was done through existing buildings and spatial planning documents. Recommendation for future management and mitigation to minimize tsunami impact on residential areas was formulated. The results showed that commercial and service zone dominated the land use in Pangandaran coastal area, followed by low-density residential zone, community forests, and mixed-use zone. The spatial analysis also showed that the existing land-use and spatial planning document did not consider the tsunami disaster risk. Hence, our recommendation provided the possible design solution for every potential impact of tsunami and mitigation approach to reduce vulnerability.

Function and Hierarchy of Settlement in Regional Development Corridor Malaysia: A Case Study of South-East Pahang Development Authority (DARA)

Frontier area development through rural development is one of strategy in the regional development corridors (RDC) that was formulated by the government. In line with the New Economic Policy (NEP) strategy, the development of RDC such as South-East Pahang Development Authority (DARA) in 1971 was focused on improving the living standards and productivity of the rural population through the process of modernizing rural and remote areas. The existence of DARA indirectly catalysed the development of new townships which drove the urbanization process in the South-East Pahang region. However, the dissolution of DARA in 2000 was occurred due to the successful in the development of DARA in South-East Pahang region. Nonetheless, a question emerges whether these new townships are fulfilling to the settlement’s function and hierarchy performances today that was planned in early setup of DARA. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate the settlement’s function of the township development in the DARA in Malaysia as a case study of RDC based on the level of readiness public and basic facilities in a settlement area with using 4 settlement services indicator such as function, economy, public / social facilities and convenience infrastructure and utility. The methodology used is a qualitative method using a case study method on the 11-existing settlement centers located in the DARA area. The findings highlighted that the settlement’s function of these settlement centers have undergone significant changes from the main goal of its establishment with today’s functions and performances due to the factor of population decline and shrinkage of economic opportunity. Therefore, immediate measures are required by the relevance government agencies to ensure the existence of these settlement centers in the future as well as to ensure that the settlement area meets the needs of the population equipped with adequate facilities for socio-economic activities.

Pre-Arrival Experience with Social Media, Settlement Service Usage and Post-Arrival Labour Market Outcomes

This paper identifies the short- and long-term labor market impact of negative experiences in using social media to gather information about the Canadian labor market at the pre-arrival stage. Negative social media experiences, mainly due to misinformation and a lack of digital skills, have a short-term negative effect on employment and earnings, but these effects dissipate in the long-term. Pre-arrival settlement services can help to minimize the negative effects of these social media experiences on newcomers’ post-arrival labor market outcomes, but settlement services can pressure newcomers into precarious work.

Data Care as Conversation: A Resource to Support Dialogue, Decision Making, and Design Activities that Respect Newcomer Communities and their Data

ABSTRACTArts and design‐based approaches hold potential for supporting deliberation among groups with different views and values who collaborate through their information practices. This paper describes the design of such an approach, entitled Sangam: Prompts for Discussions, Decision Making, and Design Activities that Respect Newcomer Communities and their Data. Grounded in empirical research, Sangam is a set of physical cards that prompt reflection on and discussion of ethical complexities that arise when coordinating immigration and settlement services in Canada. This report describes the process of designing the Sangam cards, staying true to the project's research findings while also leaving space for interpretive flexibility.

Identifikasi Jamur Trichophyton Rubrum pada Kuku Kaki Petugas Pengangkut Sampah di Dinas Permukiman dan Lingkungan Hidup

Background: Trichophyton rubrum is one of the species of fungus the causes dermatofitosis. Dermatofitosis is a fungal disease that attacks tissues containing keratin in the nails, hair, and stratum corneum in the epidermis. Delivery workers are occupational hazard to health and safety because of their close contact with trash. This leaves the trashmen susceptible to fingernail mold infections. The sample used was the hoisting of a garbage workers at the residential and environmental services in rural districts. To find out the Trichophyton rubrum fungus in the toenails of the settlements and environment service in Pekalongan district. And to find out what the percentage of the Trichophyton rubrum fungus is in the toenails of the settlement and environment workers in Pekalongan district. The type of research used is descriptive using toenails. The sample used was the toenails of a garbage worker with a population of 13 people serving in the settlement and environment services in Pekalongan district with 13 samples. A macroscopic and microscopic examination of the media Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) from 13 toenails samples of the garbage carrier’s hoof found a positive effect on the Trichophyton rubrum fungus as many as 4 samples (30,77%) and negative effect on the Trichophyton rubrum fungus as many as 9 samples (69,23%). There’s a fungal infection of Trichophyton rubrum with 4 samples (30,77%) in the toenails of a garbage carrier.

Germany

Clearstream Banking Frankfurt (CBF) is a highly interconnected financial market infrastructure that provides a critical service for German financial markets and beyond. CBF is the central securities depository (CSD) in Germany providing mainly custody and settlement services, having received its license pursuant to Art. 16 of the CSDR on January 21, 2020 allowing it to perform core CSD services as well as non-banking ancillary services. It is also the operator of two securities settlement systems (SSS). In addition, CBF was authorized on August 24, 2021 to provide banking-type ancillary services as envisaged under Art. 54 CSDR.

RISKS OF THE BANKING SYSTEM OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MARTIAL LAW

Introduction. The peculiarities of the manifestations of credit, market and currency risks, liquidity risks and risks of "state failure" for the functioning of the banking system of Ukraine in the conditions of martial law were examined the article. Recommendations are offered for minimizing existing risks and restoring the functionality of the banking system in the context of performing financial intermediation functions. Methods. Traditional methods of scientific knowledge were used in the article. In particular, methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as a graphic method for visualization and comparison of trends of certain indicators, were used to study the main trends of the risks of banking activity under martial law. Methods of generalization and abstraction were used to formulate recommendations for minimizing banking risks during martial law. Results. In the course of the study, it was proved that the credit risk in the conditions of martial law is minimal for the banking system of Ukraine, because as a result of ineffective monetary policy, the credit burden on the national economy is minimal and insufficient for its recovery. The negative impact of currency and market risks on the functioning of the banking system of Ukraine is substantiated. It is proved that due to the use of the monetary regime of inflation targeting, the banking system of Ukraine has lost the ability to implement the investment function and the functions of financial intermediation in general. Disscussion. As a result of the state of war and the negative expectations of economic agents, the short-term deposit base of banks will increase, and the volume of deposits will decrease, which may lead to a liquidity crisis in the banking system, however, the uninterrupted functioning of the banking system of Ukraine in terms of settlement and cash services will be preserved due to the high level of concentration of capital and banking assets owned by the state. In order to minimize the negative impact of banking risks, the NBU should resort to the use of mechanisms for targeted cheap long-term refinancing of banks under specific economic development programs, which will allow restoring the intermediary functions of the banking system. Keywords: credit risk, currency risk, liquidity risk, market risk, “state failure” risk, refinancing, lending, monetary policy.

“Everybody Thinks Public Libraries Have Only Books”: Public Library Usage and Settlement of Bangladeshi Immigrants in Canada

ABSTRACT Many public libraries in Canada offer services and programs for immigrants, including employment assistance to assist newcomers with their settlement in Canada. Using a mixed method research design, this study explores the use of public libraries by Bangladeshi immigrants in Canada including their use of public library settlement services, along with their pre-migration access to public library services. The study finds immigrants’ use of public libraries declines over time. However, it is also evident in this study that public libraries played a positive role in newcomers’ settlement into Canadian society. The findings related to the lack of familiarity with public libraries in a pre-arrival context highlight the importance of having a strong public library outreach program for immigrant populations. The author urges public libraries offering services to immigrants to make meaningful partnerships with pre-and post-arrival settlement agencies, local ethnic community and religious organizations, and ethnic media to spread the word about public library programs and services for immigrants.

The association between chronic pain and pre-and-post migration experiences in resettled humanitarian refugee women residing in Australia

BackgroundRefugee women are potentially at increased risk for chronic pain due to circumstances both in the pre-migration and post-settlement setting. However, this relationship between refugee-related challenges introduced along their migration trajectories and chronic pain remains unclear. This study will therefore examine the association between pre- and post-migration factors and chronic pain in refugee women five years into resettlement in Australia.MethodsThe first five waves of data from the ‘Building a New Life in Australia’ longitudinal study of humanitarian refugees living in Australia was analysed using logistic regression models to investigate the association between predictor variables and chronic pain. The study outcome was chronic pain and predictors were migration process and resettlement factors in both the pre-and post-settlement setting.ResultsChronic pain was reported in 45% (n = 139) of women, and among these a further 66% (n = 120) also reported having a long-term disability or health condition that had lasted 12 months. Pre- migration factors such as increasing age (OR 1.08; 95% CI 1.05, 1.11) and women who migrated under the Women at Risk Visa category (OR 2.40; 95% CI 1.26, 4.56) had greater odds of experiencing chronic pain. Interestingly, post migration factors such as women with better general health (OR 0.04; 95% CI 0.01, 0.11) or those who settled within metropolitan cities (OR 0.29; 95% CI 0.13, 0.68) had lower odds of experiencing chronic pain, and those who experience discrimination (OR 11.23; 95% CI 1.76, 71.51) had greater odds of experiencing chronic pain.ConclusionOur results show that there is a high prevalence of chronic pain in refugee women across the initial years of resettlement in Australia. This may be in part due to pre-migration factors such as age and migration pathway, but more significantly the post migration context that these women settle into such as rurality of settlement, poorer general health and perceived discriminatory experiences. These findings suggest that there may be many unmet health needs which are compounded by the challenges of resettlement in a new society, highlighting the need for increased clinical awareness to help inform refugee health care and settlement service providers managing chronic pain.

Regulatory Impact Analysis on Mangrove Forest in the Coastal Area of the Bandar Lampung

Kota Karang Mangrove is one of the mangrove forests located in urban areas with a limited existence in Indonesia. Mangrove forests have economic, physical, and ecological potential. Several policy designs have been issued to protect and develop the potential of mangrove forests, but they have not been optimal in protecting and managing mangrove forests. The purpose of this study was to assess the quality of the mangrove forest policy in Karang City. The research method uses a qualitative case study design, the research period is September to December 2020. The research location is in the coastal area of Karang City Village, Teluk Betung Timur, Bandar Lampung City, Lampung Province, Indonesia. The data collection technique used in-depth interviews, the determination of the informants was purposive, consisting of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, the Lampung Province Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Service, the Lampung Provincial Forestry Service, the Bandar Lampung City Marine and Fisheries Service, the Bandar Lampung City Housing and Settlement Service, NGOs (Walhi, Mitra Bentala, and Hands) and the Karang City Community. Data has been collected through desk review and stock-taking using regulatory impact analysis. The results showed at the problem analysis stage; Mangrove forests have not become the main issue, the location of the authority is limited, it contradicts national policies, there are obstacles in the implementation and implementer processes. Only 3 policies are used as a basis for policy development, integration, and collaboration of 3 key stakeholders in policy development. The choice of ecotourism and green open space policy development becomes smart regulation that can improve policy quality, transparency, accountability, and costs.

Establishing the psychometric properties of constructs from the conceptual 'Settlement Services Literacy' framework and their relationship with migrants' acculturative stress in Australia.

BackgroundEffective migration often requires supports for new arrivals, referred to as settlement services. Settlement services literacy (SSL) is key to ensuring new migrants have the capability to access and utilise the information and services designed to support the resettlement process and achieve positive settlement outcomes. To date, however, no research has sought to empirically validate measures of SSL or to assess individual migrants’ levels of SSL. The aim of this study was to establish the psychometric properties of constructs from the conceptual SSL framework.DesignUsing a snowball sampling approach, trained multilingual research assistants collected data on 653 participants. The total sample was randomly divided into two split-half samples: one for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA; N = 324) and the other for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; N = 329) and scale validation. The final SSL scale included 30 questions. The full data set was used to test the nomological validity of the scale regarding whether the components of SSL impact on migrants’ level of acculturative stress.ResultsThe EFA yielded five factors: knowledge (eight items, α = 0.88), empowerment (five items, α = 0.89), competence (four items, α = 0.86), community influence (four items, α = 0.82), and political (two items, α = 0.81). In the CFA, the initial model demonstrated a poor to marginal fit model. Its re-specification by examining modification indices resulted in a good model fit: CMIN/DF = 3.07, comparative fit index = 0.92, root mean square error of approximation = 0.08 and standardised root mean square residual = 0.07, which are consistent with recommendations. All the path coefficients between the second-order construct (SSL) and its five dimensions (knowledge, empowerment, competence, community influence and political) were significant at an α = .05 level, giving evidence for the validity of different SSL dimensions. We found that SSL is significantly related to migrants’ acculturative stress (β = - 0.39, p < 0.05) in the nomological model.ConclusionsThe study provides evidence of the construct validity and reliability of the SSL tool. It provides the basis for integrating the measures of SSL into evaluation of settlement services. This will allow for more effective decision-making in designing and implementing settlement services as well as funding and service agreements to address any deficiencies.

Chinese International Commercial Courts: Overview and Potential Questions Around It

People’s Republic of China (PRC) established China’s International Commercial Courts (CICC) and became one of the global competitors that offers international commercial dispute settlement service. Basically, the CICC formed to assist the enhancement of the “Belt and Road Initiative”. The formation of the CICC was an important progress in the judicial system of the PRC. The Supreme People’s Court (SPC) of the PRC equips the CICC with the necessary judicial interpretation. This article analyses the establishment of the CICC and its significant features. The goal of this research is to illustrate a detailed overview and thorough research regarding to the CICC. The current work also provides answers to the potential misunderstandings around the CICC. Based on the existing works of distinguished scholars some improvements regarding to CICC is incorporated in the research. The author also provides a comprehensive analysis of the functioning and structure of the CICC.

How Are Non-Medical Settlement Service Organizations Supporting Access to Healthcare and Mental Health Services for Immigrants: A Scoping Review.

Following resettlement in high-income countries, many immigrants and refugees experience barriers to accessing primary healthcare. Local non-medical settlement organizations, such as the Local Immigration Partnerships in Canada, that support immigrant integration, may also support access to mental health and healthcare services for immigrant populations. This scoping review aims to identify and map the types and characteristics of approaches and interventions that immigrant settlement organizations undertake to support access to primary healthcare for clients. We systematically searched MEDLINE, Social Services s, CINAHL, and PsycInfo databases from 1 May 2013 to 31 May 2021 and mapped research findings using the Social-Ecological Model. The search identified 3299 citations; 10 studies met all inclusion criteria. Results suggest these organizations support access to primary healthcare services, often at the individual, relationship and community level, by collaborating with health sector partners in the community, connecting clients to health services and service providers, advocating for immigrant health, providing educational programming, and initiating community development/mobilization and advocacy activities. Further research is needed to better understand the impact of local non-medical immigrant settlement organizations involved in health care planning and service delivery on reducing barriers to access in order for primary care services to reach marginalized, high-need immigrant populations.