Settings Of Elements Research Articles

Machine learning-based optimization of storage ring injection efficiency

Since the DELTA accelerator facility does not use a White circuit-driven fast topping-up mode, each software-driven injection ramp cycle takes about 7 seconds. Depending on the injection efficiency, 150 to 200 ramp cycles are required to reach the maximum beam current of 130 mA in the storage ring. Thus, for fast post-injection, a high electron transfer rate is crucial. During the injection process, a large number of parameters (e. g., magnet settings, timings of pulsed elements) have to be adjusted manually. The injection efficiency depends mainly on the settings of the booster extraction elements, the T2 transfer line magnets, and the storage ring injection components. In order to automate the injection procedure and to improve the electron transfer efficiency, the application of innovative machine learning concepts was studied.

Some Practical Applications of Discretely Tunable Couplers’ Matrix Model

The findings of a research of the practical application of a previously developed model of a decametric waves discrete coupler are presented. Due to the high accuracy achieved in describing the transforming properties of Coupler in the operating frequency range, together with the apparatus of the theory of complex variables, in particular with the method of conformal maps of fractional linear functions, it was possible to solve a number of applied problems. A method for calculating the area of consistent loads of discretely tunable power circuits of arbitrary structure has been developed. For completeness of the result, the case of matching a generator with a complex value of internal resistance with a given quality (with an acceptable value of the traveling wave coefficient) has been considered. The proposed approach to matching assumes that for any possible antenna load there must be appropriate combinations of discretely tunable elements of the Coupler power circuit that ensure matching with a given quality. The design ratio for images of arbitrary circles and straight lines conformally mapped by a matching quadrilateral to a given complex domain (i.e., expressions for calculating the coordinates of the circle center and its radius, as well as coefficients of the equation of straight lines) has been obtained. Studies of the matching properties of various circuits implemented on discrete elements have been carried out. The results of this study are important when choosing the structural design of the Coupler power circuit. Calculation formulas are obtained that allow us to estimate the relative losses of active power in the Coupler power circuit. This contributes to the reasonable choice of the best configuration option from several, similar in quality matching, thereby avoiding complicated temperature settings of the circuit elements. An exhaustive search method of tuning the discrete contour of the Coupler has been proposed, which is extremely simple and does not require heavy calculations with matrices and complex numbers.

Combined Pseudo-Random Sequence Generator for Cybersecurity

Random and pseudo-random number and bit sequence generators with a uniform distribution law are the most widespread and in demand in the market of pseudo-random generators. Depending on the specific field of application, the requirements for their implementation and the quality of the generator's output sequence change. In this article, we have optimized the structures of the classical additive Fibonacci generator and the modified additive Fibonacci generator when they work together. The ranges of initial settings of structural elements (seed) of these generators have been determined, which guarantee acceptable statistical characteristics of the output pseudo-random sequence, significantly expanding the scope of their possible application, including cybersecurity. When studying the statistical characteristics of the modified additive Fibonacci generator, it was found that they significantly depend on the signal from the output of the logic circuit entering the structure. It is proved that acceptable statistical characteristics of the modified additive Fibonacci generator, and the combined generator realized on its basis, are provided at odd values of the module of the recurrent equation describing the work of such generator. The output signal of the combined generator has acceptable characteristics for a wide range of values of the initial settings for the modified additive Fibonacci generator and the classic additive Fibonacci generator. Regarding the use of information security, it is worth noting the fact that for modern encryption and security programs, generators of random numbers and bit sequences and approaches to their construction are crucial and critical.

The Individual Walkable Neighborhood - Evaluating people-centered spatial units focusing on urban density

Urban planners are concerned to design the city in a way that supports quality of life. To catch how the settings of elements in space influence our subjective perception is difficult to evaluate, especially since objective measures are normally calculated at arbitrary scales. To better focus on the actual surrounding of individuals, people-centered reference areas are needed. The current study presents a comparison of three different people-centered reference areas which vary in their generalization of space: the Buffer, the Convex Hull of a routing network, and the “Individual Walkable Neighborhood”. The latter reference areas are based on the streets an individual can reach within a certain amount of time. We compare the 3D-density of these three different reference areas and of arbitrary reference areas like city blocks in a quantitative and geographical way for the city of Munich. With this we can clearly show that it is crucial to focus on such people-centered reference areas, and that even at this very small scale big differences in density values can occur. Using navigational principles, a much more lifelike and realistic representation of the subjective neighborhood can be achieved, which should provide a basis for urban practitioners when combining objective variables to the subjective perception.

An Integrated Analysis of GWR Models and Spatial Econometric Global Models to Decompose the Driving Forces of the Township Consumption Development in Gansu, China

The investigation of township consumption patterns has become highly significant in order to emphasize the importance of township consumption patterns in economic development and policy formulation. To attain township consumption development in underdeveloped areas is a significant way to meet the general criterion of “rich life” under China’s Rural Revitalization strategy. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the driving forces that contribute to the development of township consumption in underdeveloped areas such as Gansu Province, China, and then scientifically design and implement a strategy for township consumption development in Gansu, all of which are related to the broader interests of rural revitalization. The study used 1233 township data of Gansu Province, China. The study integrated geographically weighted regression (GWR) and a spatial econometric global (SEG) model for data analysis and interpretation. The integration of these two models can comprehensively capture both spatial heterogeneity and spatial independence concurrently. First, we conducted integrated analyses of GWR and SEG models using consistent settings of spatial weight matrix elements, with GWR focusing on spatial heterogeneity and SEG models on spatial spillover. Second, the permanent resident population, the number of financial institution outlets, the types of townships, and the characteristics of townships had a substantial significant effect on the development of township consumption in Gansu, China. In addition, the ratio of residents with access to basic medical insurance was found to be negatively significant. The revitalization strategy for township consumption in Gansu Province, China should prioritize increasing the permanent resident population of townships, accelerating the development of township urbanization, accelerating the construction of township consumption infrastructures, and strengthening financial support from township financial institutions.

РЕАЛІЗАЦІЯ ІНДИВІДУАЛІЗАЦІЇ ТА ПЕРСОНАЛІЗАЦІЇ НАВЧАННЯ ЗАСОБАМИ MOODLE

У статті проаналізовано засоби та інструментарій підтримки індивідуалізації й персоналізації навчання у системі дистанційного навчання Moodle. У процесі професійної підготовки майбутніх фахівців для підтримки індивідуалізації навчання засобами Moodle визначено налаштування окремих модулів, елементів та ресурсів платформи. Виділено основні переваги використання системи Moodle для організації персоналізованого навчання: гнучкість, зручність, модульність, економічна ефективність, інтерактивність, різноманіття контролю знань, використання журналу оцінок, засоби планування.

DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH OF A WIRELESS CONTROL SYSTEM FOR DEVICE “BIONIC EAR”

Context. The analysis of reliability indicators of information transfer between elements of wireless control systems – a control device implemented on a smartphone and a communication processor of the developed hearing aid is carried out. The object of research is the reliability indicators of the wireless control channel. The subject of the study is a theoretical and experimental analysis of the dependencies of reliability indicators of the designed wireless control system. Objective. The purpose of the work is to determine and study the analytical and experimental dependences of the reliability of transmission over the wireless control channel on the properties of the communication channel and settings of the system elements, forming recommendations for setting the parameters of the elements of the control system.Methods. The elements of the reliability theory are used to determine the dependences of the bit and block error coefficients on the properties of the communication channel of the configuration of the elements of the control system. Analytical relationships are obtained to determine the reliability of transmission taking into account possible signal distortions. The dependences of reliability indicators on the parameters of the elements of the control system are investigated, illustrative examples are given. Simulated circuit models of a control system with selected Bluetooth wireless technology have been developed. Experimental studies have been carried out, on the basis of the data obtained, conclusions have been drawn and recommendations have been made on the choice of control system configurations in order to ensure specified reliability indicators at maximum efficiency (information transfer rate). Results. The dependences of reliability indicators (bit and block error coefficients) on the properties of the wireless information transmission channel and the parameters of the control system elements are obtained. Recommendations are given on the use of the results obtained when choosing the settings for the control element (smartphone) and the controlled element (communication processor of the hearing aid). To conduct experimental research, control system models in the MathWorks MatLab Simulink environment were created and tuned. Conclusions. The studies carried out in the work allow us to calculate and reasonably choose the parameters of the devices of the wireless control system for the given reliability indicators taking into account the error behavior model in the transmission channel and the settings of the associated equipment. This makes it possible to design and implement reliable control systems with specified reliability indicators and maximum information transfer rate.

Calculation of Distance Protection Settings in Mutually Coupled Transmission Lines: A Comparative Analysis

Protection of mutually coupled transmission lines poses special challenges to protection engineers, since the general principles outlining the expected performance of the protection elements are based on simplified versions of the issues affecting them. Distance protection elements are among the most commonly accepted methods for protecting mutually coupled transmission lines, however, the calculation of settings and the validation of their performance is a complex task, involving lots of simulations and analysis of results to come up with an acceptable solution. Though various methods have been proposed to deal with the problem of calculating the optimal settings of distance protection elements, there is still room for improvement, since these methods have been formulated for the general case considering simple transmission lines. In this paper, a variation of one of these methods is introduced to enhance the computing times and reliability of the solutions for the specific application of quadrilateral distance protection to mutually coupled transmission lines, through the characterization of the expected performance of the operating characteristic, and the formulation of the optimization problem and the solution method. The obtained results show the improvements in computing times and quality of the solution provided by the proposed algorithm.

Numerical Analysis of a Fuel Pump for an Aircraft Diesel Engine

The paper reports on the process of modelling a high-pressure common rail pump designed to supply a two-stroke compression-ignition engine, which includes the presentation of methodology for model construction and results of simulation tests. A one-dimensional model of the pump was developed in the AVL Hydsim environment. A single-section positive displacement pump driven by a double cam was used for modelling. The developed model enables simulation of pump operation in various conditions defined by shaft speed, pumping pressure, settings of pump executive elements as well as fuel properties. The obtained results were compared with the results of bench tests and theoretical calculations. The analysis included the flow rate fuel overflow and changes in pumping pressure depending on the fuel dispenser settings. The model will also be used to build a complete fuel supply system model consisting of an injector model, a rail model and a control system model. The research is carried out with a view to optimising individual components and the operation of the entire supply system, taking into account the regulation of pumping pressure and synchronisation of the pumping process with fuel injection cycles.

16 Dosimetry improvement of an EPID-based pre-treatment verification software by the implementation of a dual photon beam model from linear accelerators

Introduction Point-kernel convolution-based dose calculation algorithms require an accurate modelling of the incident energy. The contribution of diffused photons by the primary collimator and the flattening filter (extra-focal source) is added to the primary source. Deviations up to 5% can be observed (Alaei, 2010) compared to the measurement for certain settings of collimation elements without an explicit modelling of the extra-focal source according to the position of the various collimation elements. EPID-based pre-treatment verification solutions generally uses fluence-based convolution models with the impulsional response of the detector. To be perfectly reliable, these methods must accurately predict the portal image to be compared with the acquired image. The aim of this work concerns the implementation and validation of an extra-focal source model for the computation of the predicted EPID image for standard (FF) and FFF (Flattening Filter Free) beams. Methods The linear accelerator used in this study is a TrueBeam STx® equipped with MLC HD120 and EPID as1200 with 6MV FF and FFF photons. Square fields with swapped openings of jaws and MLC leafs of 5 to 22 cm are designed with Eclipse® (Varian). Reference dose measurements in water are carried out on the central axis, with a microDiamond detector at SSD = 95 cm and 5 cm deep. The predicted and acquired portal images are processed with the EPIbeam software (Dosisoft). The prediction model calculates the expected dose map at SSD = 95 cm and 5 cm depth in water from the DICOM RT plan file, which is then compared to the acquired portal image converted to dose. The accuracy of the TPS calculations, dose conversion and prediction models in EPIbeam, without and with implementation of an extra-focal source model including only the effects of the flattening filter, are confronted with the reference measures in water. Results The maximum discrepancy between the TPS calculations and the measurements is less than 1%. The dose values on the converted EPID image accurately match to microDiamond measurements (less than 1% of error). With the primary source model alone, the EPIbeam prediction model for FF photons shows dose differences up to 4% with the microDiamond detector with small MLC openings and retracted jaw positions. The observed deviations after the implementation of the extra-focal source model remain less than 1% for all collimations. For the FFF photons, deviations are in all cases less than 1%. Conclusions For FFF photons, the implementation of an extra-focal source model is optional since the contribution of the primary collimator appears negligible. However, this study confirms the importance of modelling the extra-focal source for FF photons to enhance the accuracy of the dosimetry calculations for pre-treatment checking.

Mapas Cognitivos para a Estruturação de uma Proposta de Sistematização da Competitividade e da Sustentabilidade em Cidades

Facing the process of globalization and the expansion of the competitive ability of cities, many of them began to look for ways to identify and evaluate factors related to its performance and the impact of this on their development. Given the amount of elements related to the topic in the context of cities, which for some time compete globally, it becomes important to apply a systemic point of view, so that it is possible to demonstrate the influence of economic, social and environmental factors in the competitiveness of cities. Therefore this study aims to examine together the main factors of competitiveness and sustainability in the context of cities, considering that for the perception of stakeholders and expert. Based on the literature review of the proposal, it was possible to identify gaps, overlaps and relationships between these seemingly contradictory areas. In this analysis a structure of the joint analysis was developed which was submitted to the verification of specialist and social actors, applying for such the construction of cognitive maps. Finally, it was found that the application of cognitive maps for the proposed order is possible, and moreover, maps the application of the settings of the key elements, middle and end, became clear and able to demonstrate u path to be traced the search by establishing relationships between competitiveness and the sustainability of cities.

DECIPHERING LUT FPGA CONFIGURATION OF THE FINITE STATE MACHINE WITH QUARTUSII

A field- programmable gate array (FPGA) as one of the options of programmable logic occupies an intermediate position between the hardware and software and are widely used in the development of digital equipment. FPGAs contain programmable logic components called «logic cells» or «logic element» LE and a reconfigurable interconnects. The basis of such logic elements are LUT – Look Up Table , in which loaded the truth table logic function. When this setting is also loaded matrix switching LE. Development projects sufficiently well described in available sources, but a detailed analysis of the resulting data configuration usually not considered, that is not conducive to quality training. It is believed that the company manufacturers do not disclose information about the configuration file. The article attempts to analyze the settings of logic elements (LE) from Altera system QuartusII. Created a finite state machine (FSM) through a system QuartusII. Describes the process of obtaining BDF FSM. Decrypted configuration of the LUT FPGA. The author has found that at least the functions of logic elements avai-lable for decoding by using the Map Viewer. Set configuration features LUT, for example, the order of the variables may be different. Deciphering hexadecimal settings allows professionals-engineers more thoughtful and detailed analysis of projects which can improve the training of engineers.

A self-description data framework for Tokamak control system design

A Tokamak device consists of numerous control systems, which need to be integrated. CODAC (Control, Data Access and Communication) system requires the configuration settings of these control systems to carry out the integration smoothly. SDD (Self-description data) is designed to describe the static configuration of control systems. ITER CODAC group has released an SDD software package for control system designers to manage the static configuration, but it is specific for ITER plant control systems. Following the idea of ITER SDD, we developed a flexible and scalable SDD framework to develop SDD software for J-TEXT and other sophisticated devices.The SDD framework describes the configuration settings of various control systems, including physical and logical elements and their relation information, in SDD models which are classified into Components and Connections. The framework is composed of three layers: the MongoDB database, an open-source, dynamic schema, NoSQL (Not Only SQL) database; the SDD service, which maps SDD models to MongoDB and handles the transaction and business logic; the SDD applications, which can be used to create and maintain SDD information, and generate various kinds of output using the stored SDD information.

Conceptual model of the formation of flying skills in the process of training using flight simulators

Mechanisms of perceptive image formation are presented in terms of the proposed paradigm. These mechanisms make it possible to determine the mechanism of flying skills formation in the process of flying personnel simulator training. It is shown that basic and primary training is characterized by the fact that, apart from improving the fundamental knowledge, it leads to the formation and development of perceptive intellectual images that form skills when combined with the knowledge. The process of skills formation consists in operators training in fulfilling purposeful mental actions with apperceptive and perceptive sensory and motor images, while the process of knowledge development implies carrying out training sessions on the accumulation of such images. Skills development is similar for different typical situations, but each situation requires particular mental actions depending on the combination and sequence of image variation. Each prospective pilot has his own specific settings of elements of sensory, motor and intellectual systems, so in the course of training elements of these systems are adjusted to each other in accordance with the particular type of flight activity. Such adjustment can also be carried out for typical situations that differ in priorities in the use of the operators elements. Possible conflict situations in the process of skills formation and implementation are described in the article. A conceptual model of a set of skills necessary for the use of aircraft and its systems in typical situations is presented.

Quantifying a Vehicle Interior Design’s Ability to Accommodate Drivers’ Preferences

This study presents novel methods for evaluating a vehicle interior design’s ability to accommodate drivers’ preferences. The methods are based on the consideration of a driver’s intra-individual variability in the preferred settings of adjustable vehicle interior elements. A numerical index, named the Q index, quantifies a given vehicle interior design’s ability to accommodate a single driver’s preference. The Q index can also be used to quantify and visualize a design’s ability to accommodate a group of drivers. Illustrative examples on the use of the methods are presented.

Low-energy beam line at KVI

This paper describes the redesign of the low-energy beam line at KVI. Redesigned and properties of the optical elements of the transport beam line is done by using the code COSY INFINITY in the third-order of approximation. The effects of fringe fields of the optical elements are also taken into account in the third order of accuracy. Examples of beam transport calculations and emittance measurements are shown in the case of 3 He + . The beam emittance is estimated by varying quadrupole method. By using COSY code it is concluded that the settings of some optical elements in the present design of the beam line should changed to increase the beam transmission. In this way the beam transmission is increased 2–3 times. To achieve higher beam transmission the redesign of the beam line is necessary.

The versatility of collimated plane grating monochromators

In the last few years monochromator development at the German synchrotron radiation facility BESSY II improved conventional monochromator designs, especially the SX700 design, considerably. It was possible to convert the high brilliance of undulator radiation at third generation synchrotron sources very successfully into outstanding monochromator performance in terms of high energy resolution, photon flux and focus size. New mechanical designs and precise control of the angular settings of optical elements resulted in very high monochromator stability and allowed even for an absolute energy calibration of monochromators. This report reviews the design principles of collimated plane grating monochromators and presents results obtained within the first two years of BESSY II operation.

Field characterization of therapeutic ultrasound phased arrays through forward and backward planar projection

Spatial planar projection techniques propagate field measurements from a single plane in front of a transmitter to arbitrary new planes closer to or further away from the source. A linear wave vector frequency-domain projection algorithm is applied to the acoustic fields measured from several focused transducer arrays designed for ultrasound therapy. A polyvinylidene difluoride hydrophone is first scanned in a water tank over a plane using a three-dimensional positioning system to measure the complex pressure field as a function of position. The field is then projected to a series of new planes using the algorithm. Results of the projected fields are compared with direct measurements taken at corresponding distances. Excellent correlation is found between the projected and measured data. The method is shown to be accurate for use with phase-controlled field patterns, providing a rapid and accurate method for obtaining field information over a large spatial volume. This method can significantly simplify the characterization procedure required for phased-array application used for therapy. Most significantly, the wavefront propagated back to a phased array can be used to predict the field produced by different phase and amplitude settings of the array elements. A field back-projected to the source could be used as an improved source function in acoustic modeling.

Bridge Condition Rating Using an Eigenvector of Priority Settings

Abstract: To circumvent possible inconsistencies in inspection and rating of highway bridges, two models based on fuzzy logic have been proposed in the literature. These models combine the condition rating of the various elements of the main bridge components to evaluate the overall condition of these components. The first method uses fuzzy weighted average, and the second uses the fuzzy computational technique known as resolution identity of fuzzy sets. A third model proposed by the authors and implemented in a knowledge‐based expert system environment is presented in detail. The fuzzy inference model is based on a priority setting obtained through the solution of an eigenvector problem involving a pairwise comparison matrix of importance. This method and the associated solution technique were developed originally for general use in multiattribute decision making but were never used in a bridge engineering application. The proposed model is superior to other models for bridge rating previously developed because it provides priority settings of the individual elements of a bridge component in addition to the final rating of that component. The computer program was tested using actual bridge inspection data.