Set Of Patterns Research Articles

Understanding the neurodynamic process of decision-making for mobile application downloading.

In this article, we try to explore and understand the neurodynamics of the decision-making process for mobile application downloading. We begin the model development in a rather unorthodox fashion. Patterns of brain activation regions are identified, across participants, at different time instance of the decision-making process. Region-wise activation knowledge from previous studies is used to put together the entire process model like a cognitive jigsaw puzzle. We find that there are indeed a common dynamic set of activation patterns that are consistent across people and apps. That is to say that not only are there consistent patterns of activation there is a consistent change from one pattern to another across time as people make the app adoption decision. Moreover, this pattern is clearly different for decisions that end in adoption than for decisions that end with no adoption.

Sex-Specific Human, Agent, and Environment-Related Interactions in Traumatic Brain Injury: Utility of The Haddon Matrix

<h3>Research Objectives</h3> To explore sex differences in the Host, the Agent, and the Environment utilizing computational analysis of traumatic brain injury (TBI) events. <h3>Design</h3> The retrospective population-based study utilized province-wide population-based decade-long health administrative data collected through the routine operation of the publicly funded health system in Ontario, Canada. <h3>Setting</h3> We used a previously established cohort of patients discharged between the fiscal years 2007/2008 and 2015/2016 from acute care and from the emergency department (ED) with diagnoses of TBI. <h3>Participants</h3> We drew upon health records of 235,003 unique patients (57% male) with TBI and the same number of reference patients without TBI, who were individually matched based on sex, age, place of residence, and income level, to organize factors associated with the TBI event. We dissected complex and multidimensional TBI event data by exploiting data mining and information visualization methods in male and female patients separately. We adopted concepts of the Haddon Matrix (Human, Agent, Environment) to organize injury event factors and compare TBI events of male and female patients. <h3>Interventions</h3> Not applicable. <h3>Main Outcome Measures</h3> Sex differences in the health status of the Host, the Agent, and the Environment at the TBI event phase. <h3>Results</h3> Based on perceived similarities, the computational technique detected 35 injury event-related factors, allowing observation of a set of definable patterns within the Host, the Agent, and the Environment. We uncovered significant sex-based differences in Host, Agent, and Environment patterns. We found that the Host's health status is of great importance to injury severity, and the Agent and the Environment have implications for external causes of injury. <h3>Conclusions</h3> Study findings support the utility of computational data mining in examining patterns of information within the TBI event. <h3>Author(s) Disclosures</h3> Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) under Award Number R21HD089106 and the National Institute Of Neurological Disorders And Stroke of the NIH under Award Number R01NS117921 and partially by Canada Research Chair Programs.

Cutting Parameters and Material Classification Using Multinomial Logistic Regression

In the context of the new industrial revolution - Industry 4.0, the smart factory concept brought, to manufacturing, the idea of using large amounts of data acquired from a machining process and a set of mathematical techniques, discovering correlations, patterns, or trends in this database. Thus, machine tools are the focus of research in order to monitor and analyze the quality of the machining process based on data from embedded sensors. Based on this strategy, a signature process was created, that consists in capturing behavior patterns of a machine, such as machining conditions, machining quality, or tool wear. This article deal with a comparison between three Multinomial Logistic Regressions: the first using only time domain data, the second using only frequency domain data, and finally, the third using time and frequency domain data to identify the pattern of feed rate, depth of cut, and material being machined. It was observed that the methods had a precision of 96.25%, 37.92%, and 99.58%, respectively, showing that this methodology has great predictive efficiency and could be used to monitor the cutting parameters and material studied in this paper.

Data transmission in a multimode optical fiber using a neural network

In digital data transmission, single mode optical fibers are commonly used since they can carry very short optical pulses without any significant distortions. In contrast, multimode fibers support many propagation modes that travel with different speeds; thus, they cannot maintain the shape of a light pulse. This feature of multiple propagation modes can be a benefit since it makes possible the transmission of data through several channels simultaneously. We demonstrate how multimode fibers can be used to transmit images. Because of the different propagation constants of the modes, the transmitted image is scrambled to apparently random speckle patterns. A simple neural network can be used to model the transmission through the multimode fiber. We show how the neural network can be trained to recognize a set of patterns with high accuracy.

An Adaptive Self-Reduction Type-2 Fuzzy Clustering Algorithm for Pattern Recognition

Decisions in real-life can be adversely affected by various uncertainty-sources such as perception-diversity, data-structure and analytical tools. Fuzzy clustering can successfully handle the uncertainties while recognizing patterns in any given data. Nevertheless, type-1 fuzzy clustering techniques has uncertainties on account of precise-nature of primary memberships. Type-2 fuzzy clustering are preferred by many researchers to manage uncertainty in its type-1 version. In type-2 fuzzy clustering, order of fuzziness (fuzzifier) is obtained by interval-valued or general type-2 fuzzy sets. Interval type-2 fuzzy clustering can reduce the computational complexity of type-2 fuzzy set mathematics. However, general type-2 fuzzy clustering scrutinizes uncertainty in fuzzifier using linguistic sets. Interval and general type-2 fuzzy clustering algorithms include type-reduction approaches to obtain type-1 fuzzy sets. Besides, full type-2 fuzzy c-means can be used as a foundation approach in type-2 fuzzy inferences. Although this algorithm includes precise-fuzzifier, it gives a point of view to practically calculate secondary memberships. In this paper, an adaptive type-2 fuzzy clustering algorithm is proposed to manage the uncertainty-sources with a self-reduction procedure. Several numerical results and comparisons are given to demonstrate the achievement of this proposed algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with type-1 and type-2 versions for various multi-dimensional pattern sets from UCI-patterns, Berkeley segmentation database and a real-life application related to sustainable supplier selection in an automotive industry. Consequently, the proposed algorithm reveals fast, convenient and precise results.

Bohater społecznie uwarunkowany. Protagonista Pieśni o Cydzie a iberyjska mentalność pogranicza

A Socially Conditioned Hero: The Protagonist of the Cantar de mio Cid and Iberian Frontier Mentality The objective of the article is to provide an example of how the notion of social conditioning of literature might be employed both in literary studies and in history of mentalities. The author applies the concept of conditioning factors of literary texts to an analysis of the hero’s image in the Cantar de mio Cid. There are three general conditioning factors: episteme, worldview, mentality, and a specific one: the habitus. While the general conditioning factors are common for a society in each period, the habitus emphasises the impact of the living conditions of a particular group. The author analyses the conditioning of the protagonist’s image by the so-called espíritu de frontera, a set of values and patterns of behaviour shared by the Christian population of the lands located on the frontier with Al-Andalus, where the poem was created. The frontier caused a particular attitude of Iberian Christians towards Muslims, especially the local ones. On the one hand, it implies a division into two territories: those inhabited by ‘Us’ and those populated by the ‘Others’. On the other hand, the frontier is also an area of regular contact between ‘Us’ and the ‘Others’, which attenuates the Otherness. On the frontier, the ‘Others’ become neighbours, with whom Christians are, under some conditions, willing to cooperate. An example of such a situation in the poem is the alliance and friendship of the Cid with the Moor Avengalvón. Nonetheless, despite the cases of collaboration between Christians and Muslims, the frontier is still an area of war. That conflict has, however, a specific character. The war is waged neither for religious, nor ideological reasons but simply to gain booty. Another crucial aspect of the frontier mentality as found in the poem is a particular notion of honour. On the frontier lands, honour does not depend on noble ancestry, but on virtues and personal achievements. In the poem, honour is not given but gained, which is portrayed in the career path of the protagonist. Although by birth he belongs to the lower class of chivalry (infanzones), thanks to his military success and exemplary conduct he acquires the status of rico hombre, which means that he enters the higher chivalric class. The author discusses the episodes of the poem which show the contrast between the infanzones and the ricos hombres and two different notions of honour: the one which belongs to the frontier mentality and the other, typical for the inland.

Bohater społecznie uwarunkowany. Protagonista Pieśni o Cydzie a iberyjska mentalność pogranicza

A Socially Conditioned Hero: The Protagonist of the Cantar de mio Cid and Iberian Frontier Mentality The objective of the article is to provide an example of how the notion of social conditioning of literature might be employed both in literary studies and in history of mentalities. The author applies the concept of conditioning factors of literary texts to an analysis of the hero’s image in the Cantar de mio Cid. There are three general conditioning factors: episteme, worldview, mentality, and a specific one: the habitus. While the general conditioning factors are common for a society in each period, the habitus emphasises the impact of the living conditions of a particular group. The author analyses the conditioning of the protagonist’s image by the so-called espíritu de frontera, a set of values and patterns of behaviour shared by the Christian population of the lands located on the frontier with Al-Andalus, where the poem was created. The frontier caused a particular attitude of Iberian Christians towards Muslims, especially the local ones. On the one hand, it implies a division into two territories: those inhabited by ‘Us’ and those populated by the ‘Others’. On the other hand, the frontier is also an area of regular contact between ‘Us’ and the ‘Others’, which attenuates the Otherness. On the frontier, the ‘Others’ become neighbours, with whom Christians are, under some conditions, willing to cooperate. An example of such a situation in the poem is the alliance and friendship of the Cid with the Moor Avengalvón. Nonetheless, despite the cases of collaboration between Christians and Muslims, the frontier is still an area of war. That conflict has, however, a specific character. The war is waged neither for religious, nor ideological reasons but simply to gain booty. Another crucial aspect of the frontier mentality as found in the poem is a particular notion of honour. On the frontier lands, honour does not depend on noble ancestry, but on virtues and personal achievements. In the poem, honour is not given but gained, which is portrayed in the career path of the protagonist. Although by birth he belongs to the lower class of chivalry (infanzones), thanks to his military success and exemplary conduct he acquires the status of rico hombre, which means that he enters the higher chivalric class. The author discusses the episodes of the poem which show the contrast between the infanzones and the ricos hombres and two different notions of honour: the one which belongs to the frontier mentality and the other, typical for the inland.

Results of the simulation of tracked vehicles ride considering the interaction with a deformable road

BACKGROUND: Tracked vehicles motion on a deformable road, which can be, for instance, cross-country terrain or field of various agricultural plants, is defined with various indicators. Depending on environment conditions, road surface properties etc., some of these indicators are chosen as main criteria of vehicles operational and technical performance assessment. Search of optimal parameters and operation modes of tracked vehicles demands using numerical modelling of considered processes.&#x0D; AIMS: Using imitational modelling, to obtain visual representation of influence of path unevenness, path microprofile, tracked vehicle velocity, its layout, nature of relation between particular unit assemblies, systems and their properties, physical and mechanical road properties regarding rheological approach to determination of them, state parameters of road material on change of tracked vehicles ride comfort indicators.&#x0D; METHODS: Results of simulation of ride comfort indicators for various tracked vehicles, obtained with the known earlier mathematical model, which considers design and technological properties of them as well as road surface state parameters, presented as physical and mechanical properties, based on a well-known rheological approach, are presented in the article. Agricultural tractors of different mass and the S-300 anti-aircraft missile systems, based on the 832M tracked chassis, are considered as tracked vehicles.&#x0D; RESULTS: Analysis of obtained relations, based on use of imitational modelling, revealed a set of patterns of tracked vehicles ride comfort indicators changing. It is defined that consideration of rheological characteristics and state parameters of a soil layer helps to improve simulation accuracy significantly. The obtained data shows the influence of velocity, mass and base length of tracked vehicles, offset of pressure center of caterpillar mover and other design parameters on growth of vertical and longitudinal-angular oscillations.&#x0D; CONCLUSIONS: The conducted study contributes to optimal development of tracked vehicles and assembling of different machine-tractor units, performing demanded technological operations in different conditions with specific road surface state parameters.

Circular polarization detector based on polarization holography.

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the generation of a circular polarization detector based on planar polarization holography. The detector is designed by constructing the interference field according to the null reconstruction effect. We create multiplexed holograms, which feature the combination of two sets of hologram patterns and operate with opposite circular polarization beams. In a few seconds, the exposure operation allows the polarization multiplexed hologram element to be generated, with functionality equivalent to a chiral hologram. We have theoretically analyzed the feasibility of our scheme and experimentally demonstrated that the right- and left-handed circularly polarized beam can be distinguished directly depending on the different output signals. This work provides a time-saving and cost-effective alternative approach for generating a circular polarization detector and opens avenues for future applications in polarization detection.

Prediction of Elephant Movement Using Intellectual Virtual Fencing Model

The capability to navigate and orientate is crucially a significant factor to determine the survival of all migratory animals like elephants. The sustainability of animals is constrained with a limited amount of techniques available for analysis of complex animals’ behavioral responses. Various approaches are used to track animals’ movement like elephants crossing the railway track, roads have to be varied based on the degree of accuracy that is needed essentially. However, the existing approaches fail to trigger an alert in some cases. To overcome these limitations, a novel Intellectual Inertial Measurement Unit (IIMU) is proposed where the data are acquired from the aerial elephant dataset with a set of training and testing image samples. Data collected with these dataset are analyzed for triggering Virtual Fencing (VF) and to alert animals to avoid danger. This work attempts to validate that this IIMU installed with animals’ bodies can be used to evaluate patterns related to the animal’s movement. The collected data are provided for filtering using Levenberg Marquardt Algorithm to reduce the noise over the data and to enhance the prediction accuracy. The pattern set undergoes training with Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and optimized with Elephant Optimization to evaluate the prediction accuracy. Based on the evaluation, the model shows better prediction accuracy in case of emergency and alert is triggered to save the life of elephants. Here, some performance metrics like accuracy, precision, F-measure, recall, ROC are evaluated to show the significance of EPO-ANN model. The model outperforms the existing standard SVM model and gives higher prediction accuracy.

High-reflective surfaces shape measurement technology based on adaptive fringe projection

Fringe projection profilometry (FPP) is limited by the pixel depth of the camera and cannot correctly reconstruct complex objects with highly reflective surfaces. In this paper, we proposed an improved adaptive fringe technique to avoid image saturation. This method only needs to project a uniform gray level image and a set of horizontal and vertical phase-shifting fringe patterns to generate adaptive fringes. The gray level of saturated regions can be fitted by the uniform image and the coordinates of the areas are obtained by calculating the horizontal and vertical fringes. To avoid the process of recursion, we introduce the concept of the grayscale correction function. Furthermore, a modified mapping formula is adopted and refined, which enhances the mapping effect and reconstruction accuracy. Compared with the original adaptive fringe projection (AFP), the modified method further decreases the number of projected fringe patterns. We analyzed the error between the fitted value and the standard value to evaluate the performance of the method. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method maintains the accuracy of reconstruction while improving time efficiency compared to other high dynamic range (HDR) measurement methods. • The contribution of different fringe projection technology with highly reflective objects is investigated. • A novel adaptive fringe is proposed to measure the depth information of HDR objects. • An idea is proposed for the improvement of adaptive fringe projection.

TRANSFORMATION OF GENRES IN THE LITERATURE OF THE SILVER AGE

Characteristic features of the genre of novel in literature of late XX – turn of XXI century have been analyzed in the article. Contemporary prose development trends have been revealed on the base of generalization of works covering this problem and analysis of a certain writings. Changes of the genre of novel in writers' works have been revealed and factors that affect development of literary process have been defined. Scientific and technical progress impact on writers' world outlook, authors' concept of being and personality, structure and content of today novels have been revealed. Characteristic features of prose written in late XX – turn of XXI century have been defined. Multilayer, multi-genre nature, polyphony and flexibility of novels have been outlined. Analysis of ideas and topics as well as construction of works of contemporary writers has been paid much attention. Principles and methods of picturing life in prose of late XX – turn of XXI century have been defined. Essence of genre and stylistic originality of contemporary writers have been formulated. Specifics of change of the set of patterns in literature of late XX – turn of XXI century have been revealed. Deepening of psychological insight, authors' attempts to broaden the limits of traditional ideas of the world and reveal hidden sides of characters, pictured phenomena and processes have been stressed.

Effects of pulsed laser ablation with various patterns on non-oriented electrical steels magnetic properties

Surface laser treatments can help improving soft magnetic materials properties through iron losses reduction which allows to increase the efficiency of electrical machines comprising Grain-Oriented Electrical Steels (GOES). What about surface laser treated Non-Grain-Oriented Electrical Steels (NOES) that remain very scarcely studied? In this work supported by experimental results, a laser process called ablation created with advanced Ultra-Short Pulse Laser (USPL) is studied and valued. Several sets of laser parameters and dot patterns are tested with the aim to investigate potential laser impacts unlocked by such technology on power losses and magnetic properties of a NOES grade. Experimental measurements are synthetized through a parametric study which led to find the optimized configuration amongst tested ones. The detailed analysis of the latter shows that improvement of magnetic properties of NOES using an USPL process is possible and may be compared to loss reductions obtained on laser treated GOES if absolute values are considered.

Kelly’s Circle of Safety and Healing: An Extended Schema Therapy Narrative and Interpretative Investigation

This is a narrative case study of the psychotherapy of Kelly (pseudonym) that describes processes that took place within the last 17 sessions of a longer therapy of 67 sessions over a period of 26 months. A phenomenologically grounded and coherent account takes readers on an experiential journey that enables them to live through aspects of the process at least partially. These processes began in session 52 in which Kelly saw an image of a circle of caring people within which a series of child parts of herself were able to find a sense of safety and holding. Over the course of the sessions, eight different child parts approached and eventually entered the circle, each representing a different dissociated set of early schema patterns, each with its own related emotional distress. Through dialogue work and imagery rescripting, the predicament of each child and her unmet needs were brought into focus. This served as the basis for providing corrective emotional experiences that led to the child parts feeling able to voluntarily step into the circle. The material serves as the basis for theoretical-interpretative investigations with a focus on the phenomenology of memory and transformation in experiential psychotherapy. This is organized under several themes: (1) complexes, schemas, and internal working models; (2) autobiographical memory and the working self; (3) the “theater of consciousness” and the “theater of the imagination”; (4) understanding the figures that entered Kelly’s healing circle; (5) how far back can we remember? (6) reparenting, corrective experiences, and imagery rescripting; and (7) coping decisions and demanding and punitive features in coping modes. A brief conclusion aims to contribute to our understanding of the phenomenology of corrective experiences and psychological transformation.

Agricultural land tenure system in Iran: An overview

Increased demand for fertile lands has resulted from the exponential growth of the world's population in the twenty-first century. This mechanism results in widespread land tenure adjustments in a specific arrangement of rights, partnerships, and structures, which is in direct opposition to the existence of land as a small and necessary asset. While several attempts have been made to clarify land tenure conflicts, and scholars have studied them from different perspectives, there is still a significant gap in our knowledge of land tenure-related conflicts in the agricultural system and their production. As a result, this paper examined 85 pieces of literature (from 2013 to 2021) on the impact of land registration on the link between land tenure and agricultural productivity in Iran and throughout the world. Land tenure arrangements in Iran are evolving as a result of land demand and improvements in agricultural techniques, according to the results. Furthermore, each land tenure scheme can include a variety of land types, each with its own set of rules and patterns for use. The findings showed that further research with a combined locally-set methodology is required to better understand any relationship(s) between land tenure system (LTS) and agricultural production (AP), in addition to highlighting the value of land knowledge updating and the efficiency of local land management institutions. This study concluded that explaining land-related conflicts, mechanisms of power, and legal actions are important steps toward guiding the consequences of the growth of agricultural LTS in Iran, which leads to effective solutions at the area level.

The feasible regions for consecutive patterns of pattern-avoiding permutations

We study the feasible region for consecutive patterns of pattern-avoiding permutations. More precisely, given a family C of permutations avoiding a fixed set of patterns, we consider the limit of proportions of consecutive patterns on large permutations of C. These limits form a region, which we call the consecutive patterns feasible region forC.We determine the dimension of the consecutive patterns feasible region for all families C closed either for the direct sum or the skew sum. These families include for instance the ones avoiding a single pattern and all substitution-closed classes. We further show that these regions are always convex and we conjecture that they are always polytopes. We prove this conjecture when C is the family of τ-avoiding permutations, with either τ of size three or τ a monotone pattern. Furthermore, in these cases we give a full description of the vertices of these polytopes via cycle polytopes.Along the way, we discuss connections of this work with the problem of packing patterns in pattern-avoiding permutations and to the study of local limits for pattern-avoiding permutations.

Transport of patterns by Burge transpose

We take the first steps in developing a theory of transport of patterns from Fishburn permutations to (modified) ascent sequences. Given a set of pattern avoiding Fishburn permutations, we provide an explicit construction for the basis of the corresponding set of modified ascent sequences. Our approach is in fact more general and can transport patterns between permutations and equivalence classes of so called Cayley permutations. This transport of patterns relies on a simple operation we call the Burge transpose. It operates on certain biwords called Burge words. Moreover, using mesh patterns on Cayley permutations, we present an alternative view of the transport of patterns as a Wilf-equivalence between subsets of Cayley permutations. We also highlight a connection with primitive ascent sequences.

Dairy Buffalo Behavior: Calving, Imprinting and Allosuckling.

Maternal behavior, in water buffalo and other ruminants, is a set of patterns of a determined species, including calving, imprinting, and suckling. This behavior is mainly triggered by hormone concentration changes and their interactions with their respective receptors in the brain, particularly oxytocin. These chemical signals also influence mother-young bonding, a critical process for neonatal survival that develops during the first postpartum hours. Currently, dairy buffalo behavior during parturition has rarely been studied. For this reason, this review aims to analyze the existing scientific evidence regarding maternal behavior in water buffalo during calving. It will address the mechanisms of imprinting, maternal care, and allosuckling strategies that may influence the survival and health of calves.

Classical and consecutive pattern avoidance in rooted forests

Following Anders and Archer, we say that an unordered rooted labeled forest avoids the pattern σ∈Sk if in each tree, each sequence of labels along the shortest path from the root to a vertex does not contain a subsequence with the same relative order as σ. For each permutation σ∈Sk−2, we construct a bijection between n-vertex forests avoiding (σ)(k−1)k≔σ(1)⋯σ(k−2)(k−1)k and n-vertex forests avoiding (σ)k(k−1)≔σ(1)⋯σ(k−2)k(k−1), giving a common generalization of results of West on permutations and Anders–Archer on forests. We further define a new object, the forest-Young diagram, which we use to extend the notion of shape-Wilf equivalence to forests. In particular, this allows us to generalize the above result to a bijection between forests avoiding {(σ1)k(k−1),(σ2)k(k−1),…,(σℓ)k(k−1)} and forests avoiding {(σ1)(k−1)k,(σ2)(k−1)k,…,(σℓ)(k−1)k} for σ1,…,σℓ∈Sk−2. Furthermore, we give recurrences enumerating the forests avoiding {123⋯k}, {213}, and other sets of patterns. Finally, we extend the Goulden–Jackson cluster method to study consecutive pattern avoidance in rooted trees as defined by Anders and Archer. Using the generalized cluster method, we prove that if two length-k patterns are strong-c-forest-Wilf equivalent, then up to complementation, the two patterns must start with the same number. We also prove the surprising result that the patterns 1324 and 1423 are strong-c-forest-Wilf equivalent, even though they are not c-Wilf equivalent with respect to permutations.

Feature extraction for subtle anomaly detection using semi-supervised learning

The demand for automated and effective monitoring techniques has soared with the increased digitization of industrial monitoring systems. State-of-the-art machine learning methods are effectively detecting abrupt changes in system states. However, these methods lack comparable maturity in detecting subtle changes that may be signs of incipient faults. This manuscript argues that the current anomaly detection methods can be enhanced by exploring weak patterns to enable subtle variation detection. Specifically, the concept of semi-supervised learning is employed, with labels representing knowledge about some anomalous conditions of a system. The basic idea is to extract a candidate set of weak patterns discarded by state-of-the-art baselining algorithms. With few labeled anomalous data, the algorithm selects the weak patterns and allows for their possible fusion using the highest sensitivity to the labeled anomalies. The method’s applicability is demonstrated using a representative pressurized water reactor (PWR) model simulated by Dymola.