Set Of Toolkits Research Articles

Quantization Backdoors to Deep Learning Commercial Frameworks

Due to their low latency and high privacy preservation, there is currently a burgeoning demand for deploying deep learning (DL) models on ubiquitous edge Internet of Things (IoT) devices. However, DL models are often large in size and require large-scale computation, which prevents them from being placed directly onto IoT devices, where resources are constrained, and 32-bit floating-point (float-32) operations are unavailable. Commercial framework (i.e., a set of toolkits) empowered model quantization is a pragmatic solution that enables DL deployment on mobile devices and embedded systems by effortlessly post-quantizing a large high-precision model (e.g., float-32) into a small low-precision model (e.g., int-8) while retaining the model inference accuracy. However, their usability might be threatened by security vulnerabilities. This work reveals that standard quantization toolkits can be abused to activate a backdoor. We demonstrate that a full-precision backdoored model which does not have any backdoor effect in the presence of a trigger—as the backdoor is dormant—can be activated by (i) TensorFlow-Lite (TFLite) quantization, the only <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">product-ready</i> quantization framework to date, and (ii) the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">beta released</i> PyTorch Mobile framework. In our experiments, we employ three popular model architectures (VGG16, ResNet18, and ResNet50), and train each across three popular datasets: MNIST, CIFAR10 and GTSRB. We ascertain that all trained float-32 backdoored models exhibit no backdoor effect <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">even in the presence of trigger inputs</i> . Particularly, four influential backdoor defenses are evaluated, and they fail to identify a backdoor in the float-32 models. When each of the float-32 models is converted into an int-8 format model through the standard TFLite or PyTorch Mobile framework's post-training quantization, the backdoor is activated in the quantized model, which shows a stable attack success rate close to 100% upon inputs with the trigger, while it usually behaves upon non-trigger inputs. This work highlights that a stealthy security threat occurs when an end-user utilizes the on-device post-training model quantization frameworks, informing security researchers of a cross-platform overhaul of DL models post-quantization even if these models pass security-aware front-end backdoor inspections. Significantly, we have identified Gaussian noise injection into the malicious full-precision model as an easy-to-use preventative defense against the PQ backdoor. The attack source code is released at <uri xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">https://github.com/quantization-backdoor</uri> .

STABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT OF FUTURE PROFESSIONALS’ EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE

Introduction. Considerable changes in the world of professions, the intensity of production and consumption of new knowledge, strengthening of a communicative component of professional activity are characteristic features of post-industrial society. Workers who have such professional and psychological qualities as self-control, psychological self-control and ability to operate own emotions and emotions of people around (partners and colleagues) are more in demand in labour market. In this regard, the problem of emotional competency formation of future experts is becoming topical in the system of vocational training.The aimof this paper is to generalize the results of the study on the sustainable development of student emotional intelligence by means of active forms of education (training sessions and workshops).Methodology and research methods. The research methodology is based on the model concept of “Emotional Intelligence” developed by D. V. Lyusin. During the experiment, the method of D. V. Lyusin’s questionnaire EmIn (Emotional Intelligence), D. P. Gilford’s Social Intelligence Test and also the authors’ set of toolkits (tasks for recognition of facial expression and detection of the active dictionary of emotions) were applied.Results and scientific novelty.The authors proved the importance of the high level of emotional intelligence for the modern person irrespective of the sphere of professional employment. The main zones of this type of intelligence and their structural components which should be developed in future experts were highlighted. Features and conditions of formation of practical and academic intelligence were designated. Having tested the hypothesis, it was revealed that social and psychological training is aimed at promoting the acquisition and development of practical intelligence; workshop sessions contribute to academic intelligence. According to hypothetical statements, the authors have developed two options for the experimental course included in the schedule of student’s groups (similar in characteristics) of Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg). Results of both forms of training (training sessions and workshops) have confirmed the validity of the assumptions made. To clarify the degree of stability of purposefully created emotional intelligence, repeated diagnostics of the competencies mastered by students was carried out one and a half years after. The comparative analysis of outcome indicators of the forming experiment and the revealed residual knowledge and skills has shown not only firmness of psychological changes in students in the field of emotional competency, but also the start of mechanisms of its self-development.Practical significance.Contrary to the opinions of a number of scientists that the emotional intelligence does not change significantly through studentship as main development comes to the end during the teenage period, the authors have proved potential opportunities of increase in the level of emotional competency in the higher education institution. Materials of the research offer prospects for detailed studying of the mechanisms which start and support steady self-development of the emotional intelligence of future experts to provide their continuing competitiveness in rapidly changing social and economic realities.

Assessing deployment and growth of integrated care: The maturity matrix tool developed by the EIP on AHA B3 group

Integrated Care in one of the six specific priority actions of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Health Ageing planned for the period 2012-15. The B3 action group on integrated care was established in response to this priority action to assist regions and delivery organisations in addressing the key challenges they have identified in implementing integrated care. At present, the group encompasses more than 150 institutions ranging from health and social care providers to industry, academia and those representing patient and carers. The B3 action group has been developing its activities around nine action areas: organisational models, change management, workforce development, risk stratification, care pathways, patient empowerment, ICT / Teleservices, Finance / Funding and Communication / Dissemination. Each action area has adopted a particular approach, depending on the specifics of its topic. However, across all action areas, there has been a common emphasis on the identification of good practices and the distillation of those characteristics that grade the maturity of a given organisation in the path towards achieving integrated care. As a prior step towards the development of a set of toolkits that will support adopters in their path towards integrated care, several action areas in the B3 group have been working on an instrument for ranking the level of maturity of any given integrated care practice. This instrument, with specific characteristics for some of the action areas, has been named maturity matrix. The session is intended to be a lively discussion with the integrated care community, around the process followed to obtain these maturity matrixes and their applicability in diverse scenarios. The goal is to refine the tool on the basis of the comments gathered during the session so that it could International Journal of Integrated Care – Volume 15, 27 May – URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-117020 – http://www.ijic.org/ 15th International Conference on Integrated Care, Edinburgh, UK, March 25-27, 2015 2 be more effectively incorporate to the final set of toolkits that will constitute one of the main final deliverables of the B3 group.

The Development, Testing, and Evaluation of the Archival Metrics Toolkits

This paper reports on the Archival Metrics Project, which developed, tested, and evaluated a set of toolkits designed to overcome some of the challenges of conducting user-based evaluation in college and university archival repositories. The Archival Metrics Project is ongoing. The initial toolkits result from a five-year, two-phase project funded by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. The project involved academics from three North American universities and twenty partners from academic archival institutions. At the completion of the study, the researchers interviewed ten archivists at partner institutions who took part in the testing of the toolkits and one year later gathered data using a questionnaire from fifty-nine individuals who downloaded the toolkits. The paper describes previous research on user-based evaluation in archives and similar projects conducted in the library field, the process of developing and testing five questionnaires and various methods to administer the questionnaires, as well as ...

An integrated web environment for fast access and easy management of a synchrotron beam line

Tired of all the time spent on the phone or sending emails to schedule beam time? Why not make your own schedule when it is convenient to you? The integrated web environment at the NIGMS East Coast Structural Biology Research Facility allows users to schedule their own beam time as if they were making travel arrangements and provides staff with a set of toolkits for management of routine tasks. These unique features are accessible through the MediaWiki-powered home pages. Here we describe the main features of this web environment that have shown to allow for an efficient and effective interaction between the users and the facility.