Set Of Social Relations Research Articles

Tourism as a part of the national economy of Ukraine

Problems of increasing of the efficiency of tourist activity enterprises, assessment of tourism resources potential in Ukraine and development international tourist activity is relevant today. The article analyzes and substantiates the development of the tourism business in Ukraine as a priority component of the national economy, is illuminated by the real and potential resource potential for recreational and tourism development spheres in Ukraine, detailed measures for the country's entry into the world tourist market. The tourism industry in Ukraine is gaining momentum. The tourism business is becoming one of the leading and profitable areas of social and economic development. The economy of the tourism business is a set of social relations that arise in the implementation of tourist activity, namely in the production, distribution, exchange and consumption of tourist services (tourist product). The tourism business economy is an integral part of the national economic complex as a catalyst for economic growth. The tourist business will help to increase budget revenues, promote employment growth, including in rural areas terrain, and because of its attractive tourist potential in Ukraine becomes possible for investments. For all this needs marketing, information and advertising support for tourism and recreation potential of the country to be improved. In terms of globalization, Ukraine should take this industry in the consideraration as one of the most promising and innovative sectors of the economy. The state should contribute to the development of the tourism industry and comply with the quality of the services provided. The integration process will be to implement European norms and standards in education and tourism and the dissemination of cultural, scientific achievements. 2020 is recognized to be the year of tourism development in Ukraine. It gives the “green ligh” tourist business. Therefore, analyzing the status and prospects of tourism business development in Ukraine it should be noted, that this industry is becoming a priority branch of the state economy. Historical, cultural-ethnographic, gastronomic, sanatorium-resort potentials of the country at creation favorable conditions for investment and proper marketing will bring country into world leaders in the tourism industry.

Hollywood, an American Factory of International Soft Law and Social Order

Even if Hollywood is often represented as a liberal and progressive paradise, the liberal approach showed by the Hollywood star system is not present in the same proportion and degree in Hollywood blockbusters. Apart from some arguable contributions to the cause of minorities, in general, Hollywood tends to reinforce and perpetuate the establishment, the status quo and the structural causes leading to the Abyssal line and thus, it contributes to maintaining the social order. The Abyssal line (a mostly unknown and terrifying area of the ocean) is used by de Sousa Santos as a powerful metaphor to describe our ambivalent world, a world divided into two territories; on the one hand, the Metropolitan side, a world which is home to those human beings “fully human”, where human beings live in a decent world and enjoy rights in a set of social relations and; on the other hand the Colonial side, where human beings are not considered human neither are they subjects of the most fundamental rights. Hollywood does not explicitly show the Abyssal line and the existence of the two sides of the world: Metropolitan and Colonial. However, as this essays shows, many plots of Hollywood movies (both in liberal and neoconservative dystopian narratives) and TV series show in an indirect manner, some of the main features of the Abyssal world. In particular, the most intolerable and hurtful circumstances of today’s society are represented in scenarios and stories which take place in the futuristic, apocalyptic contexts.

Yan’an’s Labor Heroines and the Birth of the Women of New China

Abstract This article discusses the labor heroines of Yan’an and their cultural representation in the context of the early 1940s. It shows how the phenomenon of women’s labor heroism was formed during these years and it points out the rifts, contradictions and multiple understandings in the representation of labor heroines and their ideal role in the revolutionary process. In particular, this study highlights the co-existence of an instrumentalist and an idealist approach to women’s participation in production which is attributed to the double temporality in the Chinese Communist Party’s self-positioning at the time. The short-term necessities of the War of Resistance justified an instrumentalist approach which made labor heroines a “work force.” New Democracy, on the other hand, as a period of incipient socialism, opened the temporal horizon towards the future and moved revolutionary discourse from “memory” to “prophecy.” Writers embraced this creative space and imagined the social relations of a pacified, socialist society. Reportage as genre, labor heroines as subject and utopianism as orientation in time formed the basis for totally new conceptualizations of women’s liberation through work, restituting women’s agency and placing them in new sets of social relations.

Reconceptualizing the generation in a digital(izing) modernity: digital media, social networking sites, and the flattening of generations

AbstractAs digitalization binds society to an apparently perpetual acceleration, questions about the nature of time and speed have gained new urgency in the social sciences. Yet, theorizations of these issues have neglected their implications for social life and generations. Linking these lacunae, this article articulates how digital media and social networking sites (SNS) shape social life through cultural transformations in the generation. This article rationalizes predominant patterns of SNS user behaviors in the context of social theoretical and philosophical frameworks informed by Mannheim, Simmel, Adorno, Benjamin, Arendt, social presence, action, and acceleration theories to offer a relational reconceptualization of the generation as a set of social relations and processes for visualizing changing conceptions of time and speed in a digital (izing) modernity. This article introduces the concept of general and local generationing processes to articulate the processual nature of the generation and to assert that trends in SNS use and content production are underwritten by grammatical logics that collectively “flatten” separate traditional generations to form a cross‐demographic and cross‐temporal digital generation.

Test Scores, Identities, and Cultural Possibilities

In my Reviewing Policy section of this journal I have often analyzed a number of significant books that focus on other nations. Such an international agenda is important. Analytically such a wider perspective provides fresh insights into the lenses we employ to understand crucial sets of social relations that are created by and create educational and larger dynamics. This international view has now taken a very interesting turn with the publication of Paul Willis’s newest book, Being Modern in China: A Western Cultural Analysis of Modernity, Tradition and Schooling in China Today. At the center of his analysis is the public school and especially the power of the national examinations in China as both structures that divide populations but also as powerful devices that embody identities both now and in the future. But it is much more than this. With its primary focus on both commodified and lived youth cultures, the book constitutes a substantive contribution to the questioning of the orthodox view of economic determinism within the political economy of education. Given this, it is definitely worth reading the book, but it is important to remember that this is indeed a “western” analysis.

Indigenous/state relations and the “Making” of surplus populations in the mixed economy of Northern Canada

Grounded in an analysis of the mixed economy of the Northwest Territories (NWT), Canada, this article examines the contemporary relationship between surplus populations and colonial capitalist accumulation of new spaces. The functioning of the reserve surplus population requires that the unwaged, or under-waged, want, or need, wage labour. Thus, like all capitalist relations, a reserve surplus population is predicated on the separation of workers from their means of subsistence: what Marx calls “primitive” accumulation. Traditionally the home of the Dene and Inuit, and now home to approximately equal parts Indigenous (primarily Dene, Inuit and Métis) and non-Indigenous residents, the NWT mixed economy is a set of social relations that combine subsistence and social reproduction, wherein labour is oriented toward the daily and intergenerational wellbeing of the collective rather than the profit of the individual, with capitalist production. With a focus on the diamond industry, this article traces the shifting Canadian State approach to Indigenous labour in this space across time and the state policies and extractive projects that have both “made” Indigenous labour surplus and rhetorically justified their existence through evocations of regional unemployment and imagined dependency. In so doing, the paper identifies a move from the welfare-state era, wherein the state structured northern Indigenous “dependency”, to the neoliberal era, wherein dependency became a problem to be solved through increased Indigenous incorporation into capitalist wage labour. The northern diamond mining industry, responding to both Indigenous demands for land recognition and neoliberal imperatives for lean operations, exemplifies this latter approach.

Methodical Approach to Activation of Technical and Technological Component of Enterprise Innovation in the Conditions of Digital Transformation of Socio-Economic Systems

Methodical Approach to Activation of Technical and Technological Component of Enterprise Innovation in the Conditions of Digital Transformation of Socio-Economic Systems

CLASSIFICATION OF CRIME OBJECTS IN THE CONCEPTUAL POSITIONS OF THE THEORY OF STATE AND LAW

The article examines the specifics of the philosophical and legal classification of crime in the conceptual positions of the theory of state and law. The categorical classification of the objects of the crime system as structured vertically and structured horizontally, which allowed distribution of crimes directly, kind, generic, general, was analyzed. It is shown that the general object of the crime is traditionally in the conceptual positions of the theory of state and law called the whole set of social relations, which are protected by criminal law. The generic object of the crime is a certain circle of homogeneous economic, social, political content of social relations, which, for some reason, should be protected by a single set of legal norms. It is made general that the specific object of a crime is a set of social relations within the generic object, which reflect the same interest of the participants in such relations or express though the nonidentical, but closely interrelated interests. The direct object of the crime is those specifically social relations, set by the legislator under the protection of a certain legal norm. It is shown that structured horizontal objects of crime are distributed directly to the main and directly additional. It is traced that under the direct object of the crime is understood those social relations, the violation of which is the social content of the crime and for the protection of which there is a legal norm, which implies responsibility for the commission of the crime. Under the direct additional object of the crime are those social relations, the encroachment on which does not constitute the content of the crime, but the commission of such a crime is always caused damage. It is concluded that the study of the concept of crime within the conceptual concepts of the theory of state and law is justified by the subject of its study. The fundamental questions in this context arose the problem of what exactly is the legal facts, which, depending on the result, can be classified categorically into legal, lawful, and law-stopping. It is proved that the most important is the distribution of legal facts by their individual connection with the participants in the legal relationship. Thus, according to the categorical regularity of concepts of the theory of state and law, wrongful actions are divided, first, into offenses, that is, crimes and misdemeanors; and secondly, on objectively unlawful acts.

Administrative Legal Proceedings: The Ambiguity Of The Concept

The key to effective implementation of the right to judicial protection is the proper functioning of the judicial system, an important element of which is the administrative courts that ensure the administration of administrative justice. Moreover, the protection of human and citizen’s rights and freedoms through the instruments of administrative justice is an important guarantee of protection against violations by public authorities and local self-government of the «weaker» side of public-legal relations - human and citizen.
 In the legal literature administrative legal proceedings is interpreted differently by different scholars, which makes it possible to conclude that this legal phenomenon is multidimensional.
 In addition to understanding «administrative legal proceedings » as a separate area of justice, scholars also view administrative law as meaning: administrative justice as an area of legal science; positive (objective) administrative justice as an area of law
 Administrative legal proceedings as a branch of legal science examines the current law and jurisprudence of its application, its history and theory, the legislation of other states governing certain legal relationships.
 The independence of the field of law is first of all indicated by the specific subject matter and method of regulation, which are the identifying features by which the branches of law are distinguished. Administrative legal proceedings is endowed with its specific subject (the set of social relations that determine the procedure for consideration and resolution by public courts of public law disputes) and the method of legal regulation of the relevant relations in the process of administration of justice, which is endowed with a complex character, that is, is positive.
 At the same time, administrative legal proceedings as a separate science, field of law and branch of justice is the subject of study of the same discipline.
 In addition, given the inaccuracy of the terms «administrative process» and «administrative legal proceedings» (the term administrative process is broader and more generalized term, which includes administrative justice), it is necessary to emphasize the need to teach «Administrative legal proceedings of Ukraine» separately from «Administrative Procedural Law of Ukraine» at the level of independent academic discipline. This will focus on the peculiarities of the procedure for the consideration and settlement of administrative cases by administrative courts at all stages of the judicial administrative process.

Inscription and ‘Anscription’: Surface and System in Cybernetics, Deconstruction, and Don DeLillo

This essay proposes the concept of ‘anscription’, and employs it to re-think some of the typical valences of inscription in media theory. The word is derived from the German anschreiben, which can simply mean, ‘to write up’, but also refers to the specific act, and the set of social relations that come into place, when one writes something up on a blackboard. Not quite encompassed by inscription, it offers an essential counterpart to the term for media-oriented thinkers. The essay draws out this corresponding function through readings of three imagined (but not-quite-imaginary) media, across which emerges a dialectic in the cultural imaginary of inscription. The first comes from the mathematician Norbert Wiener’s description of a mechanism that would translate written text into tactile impressions; the second, from Jacques Derrida’s historical framing of the project of deconstruction in relation to writing systems; and the third, from a thirty-two-page description of an American football game in Don DeLillo’s 1972 novel, End Zone. Each will offer a different exemplification of the function termed ‘anscription’. Just as significantly, each example presents this function in relation to the technical possibilities of media and articulates it through a theory of the body that is entangled with writing.

The Communicative Theory of the Society: Socio-Technological and Law Enforcement Contexts

The article dwells on the causes and objectives of the emergence and evolution of the communicative theory of the society as a theory that allows not only to predict the development of the society, but also to manage social processes. Law enforcement system in general, and in criminal proceedings in particular, had been formed long before the emergence of this theory. But after the society was defined as a type of communication in the theory, the conditions for a truly scientific technologization of criminal proceedings were created: in fact, the whole theory of law was rebuilt in compliance with a new understanding of the phenomenon of sociality. Today, in the age of total digitalization of social and legal and law enforcement practices, the topic of the origins of the communicative theory of the society is actualized in a new way.The article analyzes the key elements of social and philosophical conceptualization of social processes and phenomena, compares the models of society proposed by O. Comte and K. Marx, whose works described the conditions for the presentation of the society as a reality. The author substantiates the statement that the alternative ways proposed by two theorists to explain social development as a function of “knowledge” or as a derivative of “social production” equally depend on the understanding of a person as a “set of social relations.” Particular attention is paid to the new opportunities opened up to theorists and philosophers in explaining the nature and functions of law in connection with the creation of the communicative theory of society. The article shows a fundamental difference in the understanding of law in the era preceding the development of sociology, and during the active interaction of legal theorists with the community of philosophers and sociologists. The author reconstructs a set of ontological assumptions that allow considering law as “a reproduction of the general conditions of the society existence” and make it possible to include the system of law in the system of social relations as a subsystem.

Not Your Father's Capitalism

Not Your Father's Capitalism Eileen Boris (bio) "To bustle about in search of livelihood is merely another form of bustling about managing a home," noted anthropologists Mark Zborowski and Elizabeth Herzog in their classic 1952 study of the shtetl.1 This observation captures the interconnection between generating income and maintaining a household that is central to political economies, capitalist no less than subsistence. But the new history of capitalism neglects such bustling. Looking at the economic role, unpaid as well as paid, of Jewish women is good to think about for the project of engendering the workings of capitalism as both an economic system and a set of social relations. For Jewish women in various times and places have always worked, though not necessarily for a wage and not always doing what we conventionally label as work. Riv-Ellen Prell does much to unlock these relationships in her sweeping "The Economic Turn in American Jewish History: When Women (Mostly) Disappeared." She illuminates the limits of financialization and markets for seeing the agency of women, though regarded from a gendered angle we can deconstruct the ways that normative understandings of manhood and womanhood pervade discussions and practices of credit and trading as much as valuation of skill and the definition of work itself.2 She illuminates the significance of kinship or the family as a network for economic transactions and capital formation, power within households and between households (based on gender, class, citizenship, and even congregation/religion), and global movements of capital, labor, and goods. She underscores the necessity to study masculinity. Most significantly, she reclassifies the historiography into two sets of binaries that prove actually to be interactive: production and consumption, structure and culture. A third component to these sets, however, is essential to fully capture the gender of capitalism and the necessary work of women: reproduction. [End Page 537] In the 1970s, with the spread of women's liberation, the shift to a service economy, and the rise of neoliberalism, feminist theorists in the US and Western Europe began a fresh discussion on the relation of reproduction to production and the place of family and domestic labor in economic life. The Marxist-derived domestic labor debates highlighted how reproductive labor consists of activities that produce labor power—activities that transform raw materials and commodities bought with a wage to maintain the worker daily and generate future workforces. Women have undertaken these tasks, often along with wage work.3 Some would claim that such labor generates use value, but not exchange value, and thus is valueless in the Marxist meaning of value associated with exploiting labor power. Others, notably Leopoldina Fortunati, would argue that reproductive work already is part of exchange, that the housewife (and the prostitute) both work for capital in reproducing the labor power of the male worker.4 Also referred to as social reproduction, such work is about the making of people through the tasks of daily life. These activities are both material (like feeding), emotional (like love), and assimilative (like transference of norms and values), whether occurring in the family, school, shul/temple/church/mosque, or community.5 In its commodified form, reproduction moves out of the home to institutional settings and returns to the home when workers, like domestic servants, perform such labor for a wage. Reproduction, we might add, is essential for consumption as well as production, as usually understood. Not all forms of consumption function the same. Some purchasing of goods and services keep afloat the co-ethnic shopkeeper as well as the multinational corporation and all the links along the supply chain. Sartorial choices matter. Other consumption is for the making of people in two ways. It was, after all, the bread giver who transformed the wage into meals, as narratives whether [End Page 538] imaginative or ethnographical, of the Jewish mother testify.6 Additionally, consuming the right clothing and other products signaled arrival: the assimilation that Prell so well flags as important work that Jewish women as modernizers in Europe and beyond performed by decorating bodies and homes and establishing acceptable community practices. Putting together objects for display as well as use is a form of reproductive labor that produces...

Transformation of the French Pattern of a Naturalistic Character in Ivan Franko’s Literary Works

The article deals with the means of constructing a naturalistic character, the model for which was proposed by French writers: the Goncourt brothers and Émile Zola. Naturalists draw their personage concept from the interpretation of its biological nature. The focus of its depiction is shifted to the study of fundamental features of human nature rather than “variables” of the historical forms of its manifestation. A naturalistic character, being “a biological being” rather than “a set of social relations,” is completely absorbed by the environment. The “social” core of a realistic personage is based on the principles of typification, but the “biological” core of a naturalistic character cannot be a generalized type because in it the individual prevails over the typified. Images of Germinie Lacerteux and Thérèse Raquin from the Goncourts’ and Zola’s same-name novels respectively are considered to be prototypes of naturalistic characters. In Ukrainian literature, Ivan Franko interpreted and synthesized Western European experience using realistic and naturalistic art to create his own concept of “scientific realism.” The difference in Franko’s personage construction lies in the fact that he does not confine himself to the observation and description of his heroes’ behavior but offers a plan for correcting their deficiencies.

Проблеми імплементації норм щодо запобігання забруднення морського середовища стічними водами та шкідливими речовинами

The article deals with the peculiarities of the implementation process of the conventional rules about the prevention of marine environment pollution by sewage from ships and transported harmful substances in the national legislation of Ukraine. The object of research is the domestic mechanisms for the implementation of the rules of the MARPOL 73/78 Convention. The subject of research is a set of social relations that come up with the realization process of the norms of international and national law in the field of the protection of the marine environment. The nature of international obligations with respect to the domestic implementation of the MARPOL 73/78 conventional standards in the legislative base of Ukraine is researched. The article analyzes the standing orders of international agreements ratified by Ukraine and the rules of national legal acts devoted to issues of protection of the marine environment and prevention of its pollution. The practical realization problems of technical norms and standards, which are contained in the annexes to the MARPOL 73/78 Convention, are determined by subjects of the sea-economical complex. The safety of navigation is the most serious problem in the maritime transport, from which protection of the life of crew members and passengers on the vessel and saving of the cargo depends on the successful solution of this problem. The efficiency and forcefulness of norms in the field of marine environmental protection is possible if only the international conventions are fully and comprehensively complied with by all, without exception, by the subjects of international maritime law. The improvement of the current legislation of Ukraine regarding the protection of the marine environment is the most important task of modern rule-making activity, legal science and practice. The reasons for the weak regulatory action of the law enforcement legislation are insufficient provision of the enterprises with technical facilities for the effective cleaning of seawater and sewage, and the inspection organizations – with devices for controlling the pollution of the marine environment.

Tiered expatriation: A social relations approach to staffing multinationals

This article applies a social relations discourse to examine the use of expatriates in Chinese multinational companies (MNCs). Expatriates are analyzed based on two sets of social relations: the social functions of expatriates (which include the global function of capital and the collective function of labor) and the pathways of expatriation (which include intra‐ and interfirm transfers). In particular, the framework incorporates the collective function of labor into the analysis of expatriation, which has received limited attention in the existing international HRM literature. Conceptually, the social relations discourse allowed us to frame staffing in an open system in which HR practices involving expatriation are shaped by the intersections between the choices of MNCs, the actions of workers, and the mediation of institutional players. Empirically, this article presents three case studies of Chinese MNCs in Europe to illustrate the tiered expatriation of managerial staff, technicians, and operational workers from interchangeable sources of labor. The HR policy implications suggest greater diversity in the formation of international staffing for MNCs.

Simmel's Actuality in the Light of Migratory Processes

The present paper aims to reflect over the social figure of the foreigner in the light of the current condition of migrants fleeing from countries at war. The analysis is rooted in the thought of Georg Simmel, his conception of society as a set of social relations through which it is possible to know and understand the attitudes and the appearance of society itself. It traces the author’s thought, who intuited more than a century ago, the dual role of the foreigner to be either a guest/traveller or a citizen of arrival contexts. Their image linked to the concept of a stranger, that of being never completely close, but at the same time an indispensable function, which produces consequences for the construction of social exchanges and relationships. A reinterpretation of Simmel and its pregnant relevance are the background of such work, aimed at embracing new arguments.

Three reflections on Revolution at Point Zero for (re)producing an alternative academy

Revolution at Point Zero: Housework, Reproduction, and Feminist Struggle is a collection of Federici’s essays, her theorizations and research on feminist struggles to reconfigure social reproduction in ways alternative to capitalist relations. In this intervention, I present reflections on three experiences – teaching Federici’s work, being a graduate student and precarious academic worker, and engaging in rich and meaningful friendships – in order to offer a consideration for how Federici’s centering of social reproduction can provide lessons for resisting the neoliberalization of the academy, taking care of each other, and cultivating alternative and more just social relations. Federici’s work gives principles for how to live and resist together, principally because of her centering of social reproduction and the possibility of crafting an alternative set of social relations. In this intervention, I question and advocate for relationships, accountability, and a critical politics of social reproductive labor as being essential to such a struggle.

(en)Vision(ing) Otherwise: Queering Visuality and Space in Lefebvre’s Production

This article develops and extends parallels between Lefebvre’s The Production of Space and contemporary queer thought, drawing out their shared themes of visuality, subjectivity, and differential space. For Lefebvre, the circuits producing vision, subjectivity, and space are inescapably ideological and suspect: The visual obscures social relations, dominates space, and fragments subjectivity. Yet there is still something to be said about the transformative potential of vision in Production. Although Lefebvre castigated vision as a hegemonic modality, and left the counterhegemonic potential of vision rather underdeveloped, a turn toward (queer) phenomenology can supplement Lefebvre’s politics of the visual and suggest pathways to a new vision for space, subjectivity, and the social. Here, I argue that the possibility of a different space and set of social relations, be it “differential” or expressly “queer,” relies on an alternative mode of visuality: a way of seeing that challenges dominant modes of representation, relationality, and meaning making in space. After considering the potentials of vision in Lefebvre’s account and those of queer phenomenologists, I turn to film to experiment with the potentials of a critical visual practice to queer subjectivity and space as we know it.

Communal living: Religion, class, and the politics of dwelling in small-town Gujarat.

India witnesses a proliferation of ‘Muslim’ and ‘Hindu’ residential areas, which reflect deepening segregation along religious lines. This article explores the production of such spaces through a case study of Anand in central Gujarat. It uses the lens of ‘mobilities’ to critically interrogate the ‘Muslim ghetto’, a notion that has come to figure prominently as a conceptual framework in discussions on residential segregation in contemporary India, and proposes to consider the residential spaces of Muslims instead as ‘hubs’ of urban and regional connectivity. Avoiding a false dichotomy between segregation-as-seclusion and cohabitation-as-connecting, the article demonstrates how new kinds of environments reflect and facilitate new sets of social relations, and generates a fresh perspective of a Muslim area as a hub of intersecting mobilities within a context of rural and urban transformation.

Determinants Of Brand Loyalty In Online Communities: A Facebook Evidence

Social media and especially the social commerce possibility help companies to promoting their brands and products on online social platforms. Today, companies are able to create brand pages on social networking sites and to develop consumer relations using these platforms. The importance given to interactivity and usage of other web activities during past decade has made possible speedy and instant communication among companies, internet users and, therefore, created a network where “online brand communities” took their place. Online brand communities are specialized, non-geographically bound community, based on a structured set of social relations among admirers of a brand (Muniz and O’guinn, 2001). Accordingly, building brand loyalty becomes vital for companies to survive in this new platforms and as the brand loyalty is influenced by the self-factor, the social factor, and the primary characteristics of a brand page such as information quality and interactivity. This research investigates the relationship between these four factors and brand loyalty in online environment and fort his purpose the research collected data through an online questionnaire and 976 valid responses were used for analysis. The data was analyzed using structural equation modeling showing a positive relationship between brand loyalty and these four key factors. In addition to its noteworthy implications for practitioners, this study provides important theoretical insights into understanding how to build brand loyalty in social media.