Set Of Schemas Research Articles

The Reliability and Stability of Measures of Individuals' Values and Beliefs Concerning Developmental Idealism in Nepal

This paper examines the reliability and stability of developmental idealism (DI) measures in Nepal. DI is a set of cultural schemas that contains beliefs and values favoring modern societies and families over traditional ones and that views modern families as causes and effects of modern societies. It also views the world as dynamic, with change from traditionality toward modernity. Earlier studies have shown that DI has been disseminated widely internationally, but provide little evidence concerning whether individual views of DI can be reliably measured or the extent to which such views are stable across time. We estimate the reliability and stability of DI measures using panel data collected in Nepal. Our results indicate substantial reliability, equal or nearly equal to the reliability of standard value and belief items measured in general American surveys. There is also considerable stability of DI views across our study interval from 2008 to 2011.

Parametric, grammatical, and perceptual iterations on structural design synthesis

AbstractThis paper presents a computational design method to analyze and synthesize representation mechanisms in structural design. The role of shape grammar schemas in analyzing parametric and grammatical structural analysis is discussed, and a set of schema to generate novel structural topology is provided.

Schema building profiles among elementary school students in solving problems related to operations of addition to fractions on the basis of mathematic abilities

Schema in the current study refers to a set of action, process, object and other schemas already possessed to build an individual’s ways of thinking to solve a given problem. The current study aims to investigate the schemas built among elementary school students in solving problems related to operations of addition to fractions. The analyses of the schema building were done qualitatively on the basis of the analytical framework of the APOS theory (Action, Process, Object, and Schema). Findings show that the schemas built on students of high and middle ability indicate the following. In the action stage, students were able to add two fractions by way of drawing a picture or procedural way. In the Stage of process, they could add two and three fractions. In the stage of object, they could explain the steps of adding two fractions and change a fraction into addition of fractions. In the last stage, schema, they could add fractions by relating them to another schema they have possessed i.e. the least common multiple. Those of high and middle mathematic abilities showed that their schema building in solving problems related to operations odd addition to fractions worked in line with the framework of the APOS theory. Those of low mathematic ability, however, showed that their schema on each stage did not work properly.

EVALUATION OF SLUM AREAS DEVELOPMENT EXPERIMENT IN GREAT CAIRO REGION AND ITS ECONOMICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL OUTCOME AN APPLIED STUDY ON MONSHAAT NASSER QUARTER

The phenomenon of rampant growth of residential communities is a global phenomenon prevalent in most developing countries, 862.6 million people is the number of slum-dwellers are developing regions in the world, and is 60% of the population in Asia, while Africa maintain its two 26.2% and America including Latin America and Caribbean countries 13.1%، and the United Nations estimates for human settlements indicate that by the year 2030 is expected to live more than 50% of the world''s population in slums, which will be launched on our planet the planet of slums as well as that coming decades will witness the growth of urban unprecedented, particularly in developing regions and poor, which will lead to the emergence of a Further aspects of poverty in urban areas, and accompanied by many random areas, the emergence of lacking minimum decent living requirements and all types of services, including adequate housing, and it will be more obvious in the third world where accompanied by urban growth of any economic growth and social or take into account communities environmental dimension can be asserted. Slum housing is a phenomenon characterized by being spread out all over the Great Cairo region leading to deterioration in the housing environment in general and leaving negative impacts on the social aspects and human behavior that surround the region, in particular, and especially, the agricultural areas in the north, west, and south and even the desert area in the east. This random growth has got negative impacts on other Egyptian cities by transforming the agricultural lands randomly to urban districts and uses, increasing in turn the pressure on water networks, drainage, electricity and other utilities. This present research counts on the theoretical-analytical method for exposing and analyzing the different approaches of the schema set for each region to resolve the informal housing problem. The research also uses the case study approach, the (applied) part to improve performance. This research deals with policies and entrances dealing with non-formal housing in Egypt in general and the Greater Cairo region in particular, and evaluation of development experience, which has in the region particularly since the middle of last century trying to successive governments to find solutions to this important issue through the implementation of a number of policies to cope with rampant growth for those areas, and it has become serious since 2014 when committed the Egyptian Constitution, the successive elimination of slums and the citizen''s right to adequate housing and government research deals with assessing schemes during the period since 2000 to now to deal with informal areas and limit their growth, according to the scheme T and policies that have followed and to identify the pros and cons of those entrances and their contribution in solving the problems of informal areas and offer the experience of facility district development Nasser to evaluate the development of real estate and wealth provided and identify the elements of attraction and the elements of the package, which took place in the neighborhood to extract indicators and lessons planned lessons contribute to the formulation of a new planning vision for the development of the entrances to the housing areas of non-formal

Transforming XML schemas into OWL ontologies using formal concept analysis

Ontology Web Language (OWL) is considered as a data representation format exploited by the Extensible Markup Language (XML) format. OWL extends XML by providing properties to further express the semantics of data. To this effect, transforming XML data into OWL proves important and constitutes an added value for indexing XML documents and re-engineering ontologies. In this paper, we propose a formal method to transform XSD schemas into OWL schemas using transformation patterns. To achieve this end, we extend at the beginning, a set of existing transformation patterns to allow the maximum transformation of XSD schema constructions. In addition, a formal method is presented to transform an XSD schema using the extended patterns. This method named PIXCO comprises several processes. The first process models both the transformation patterns and all the constructions of XSD schema to be transformed. The patterns are modeled using the context of Formal Concept Analysis. The XSD constructions are modeled using a proposed mathematical model. This modeling will be used in the design of the following process. The second process identifies the most appropriate patterns to transform each construction set of XSD schema. The third process generates for each XSD construction set an OWL model according to the pattern that is identified. Finally, it creates the OWL file encompassing the generated OWL models.

Yadage and Packtivity – analysis preservation using parametrized workflows

Preserving data analyses produced by the collaborations at LHC in a parametrized fashion is crucial in order to maintain reproducibility and re-usability. We argue for a declarative description in terms of individual processing steps – “packtivities” – linked through a dynamic directed acyclic graph (DAG) and present an initial set of JSON schemas for such a description and an implementation – “yadage” – capable of executing workflows of analysis preserved via Linux containers.

Organizing metadata from passive acoustic localizations of marine animals

The Tethys system is a set of schemata designed to organize spatiotemporal data from detection, classification, and localization (DCL) tasks targeting sound producing marine animals. These metadata are based on the analysis of recordings collected through passive acoustic monitoring. Tethys is accompanied by a scientific workbench implementation of the schemata rules. The system is designed to promote the retention and organization of acoustic metadata in a manner that allows long-term retention of detailed DCL outputs. We present recent work on the localization schemata showing the ability to organize localizations from a large naval hydrophone range. The Tethys implementation permits these data to be analyzed in the context of Internet available data products containing oceanographic, atmospheric, and ephemeris data. Moving beyond simple detections, this addition of localizations to Tethys will allow even more powerful interpretation of the spatiotemporal occurrence of marine animals in the context of their ecology.

Modelo arquitectónico desde la vista de información para apoyar la interoperabilidad de herramientas software que soportan la mejora de procesos de software

Diverse software tools that support the software process improvement (SPI) not interoperate between them, that is to say, the exchange of information between the different tools is deficient, making it difficult to sequence and automatic re-use of information of SPI initiatives. In this article we present an architectural model from the information view to support the interoperability of software tools that support the stages of diagnosing the process and formulating improvements. The model establishes architecture that describes the type of information that can be exchanged these tools, as well as the structure of the data, their possible values, its semantics, and the restrictions imposed on the use and interpretation of such information. The architectural model is composed of a set of schemas, raised in conceptual form, which can be used by organizations that wish to develop software tools to interoperate, which provide support in a comprehensive way to diagnosing the process and formulating improvements of the SPI cycle. These schemas were evaluated using the qualitative method Focus Group.

Zwodnicza szczerość(?) Jana Jakuba Rousseau czyli narracja jako kreacja i doświadczanie świata

Literature remains somehow suspended between fiction and the truth, between pretending and authenticity. Each type of narration is, at the same time, a story and a creation, constructing the world portrayed on the experience of the speaker, taking into account the addressee, requirements of the genre selected and a set of ready-made schemas. The article analyses selected autobiographical works by J.J. Rousseau as a form of literary creation, as texts of culture that are rich in meaning, as the meeting place for the speaker, the text and the reader. It presents the attitude of the author/narrator towards the presented reality and the interesting process of its subjectivization, interpretation and evaluation.

Implicit Theories in Intimate Partner Violence Sex Offenders: an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

An increased understanding of the cognitive characteristics of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Sex Offenders would have implications for clinical intervention and risk assessment in this distinctive offending behaviour group. The improved understanding of cognitions in violent offenders, sex offenders, and IPV offenders has led to the development and implementation of specific offender behaviour programmes taking these cognitive characteristics into account. Recently, empirical investigations have focussed on qualitative exploration of cognition to propose implicit theories (ITs), that is distinct sets of schemas that offenders hold in relation to themselves, the world, and others. The current paper utilises Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to explore cognition in 11 Intimate Partner Sex Offenders. Five superordinate and 14 subthemes were identified, which are representative of Implicit Theories present in this specific offender group. These ITs are discussed in relation to other offending behaviour groups in addition to their clinical implications in the development of effective interventions and risk assessment tools.

Transference and Countertransference in CBT and Schematherapy of Personality Disorders

Countertransference occurs in CBT when the relationship with the patientactivates automatic thoughts and schemas in the clinician, and these cognitionshave the potential for influencing the therapy process. Countertransferencealso occurs during supervision and is an indispensable part of the supervisor's response to the supervisee. CBT is typically short-termtreatment – intensity of transference is usually muchlower than in longer-term, dynamically oriented psychotherapy. Neverthelessduring the long-term CBT of the personality disorder or other complex cases, high intensity of transference and countertransference can develop. Schema therapy shares the view thatschemas are crucial to understanding of personality disorders, but also canhelp to understand the emotional reaction of therapist. A mode is the set ofschema operations that are in one moment functioning for a person. It is acircumscribed complex pattern of emotional, cognitive a behavioral experiences, which operate in typical situations. When therapist suspects that countertransferencemay be developing, he/she could try to identify her/his automatic thoughts andschemas. More comprehensive approach is to quickly identify in which modehim/her are at that moment and reflect it such reaction is for the patientbenefit or not. Understanding therapist countertransference reactions andtheirs management are a significant point of supervision. Self-reflection and realizing the countertransference can therapist help toovercome it and may be necessary for overcoming stagnation in therapy. Understanding own mode and theirflipping into the therapeutic session is an important tool in psychotherapy andsupervision.

INCORPORATING ROUTINE ACTIVITIES, ACTIVITY SPACES, AND SITUATIONAL DEFINITIONS INTO THE SOCIAL SCHEMATIC THEORY OF CRIME.

Simons and Burt's (2011) social schematic theory (SST) of crime posits that adverse social factors are associated with offending because they promote a set of social schemas (i.e., a criminogenic knowledge structure) that elevates the probability of situational definitions favorable to crime. This study extends the SST model by incorporating the role of contexts for action. Furthermore, the study advances tests of the SST by incorporating a measure of criminogenic situational definitions to assess whether such definitions mediate the effects of schemas and contexts on crime. Structural equation models using 10 years of panel data from 582 African American youth provided strong support for the expanded theory. The results suggest that childhood and adolescent social adversity fosters a criminogenic knowledge structure as well as selection into criminogenic activity spaces and risky activities, all of which increase the likelihood of offending largely through situational definitions. Additionally, evidence shows that the criminogenic knowledge structure interacts with settings to amplify the likelihood of situational definitions favorable to crime.

Unification and mechanistic detail as drivers of model construction: Models of networks in economics and sociology

We examine the diversity of strategies of modelling networks in (micro) economics and (analytical) sociology. Field-specific conceptions of what explaining (with) networks amounts to or systematic preference for certain kinds of explanatory factors are not sufficient to account for differences in modelling methodologies. We argue that network models in both sociology and economics are abstract models of network mechanisms and that differences in their modelling strategies derive to a large extent from field-specific conceptions of the way in which a good model should be a general one. Whereas the economics models aim at unification, the sociological models aim at a set of mechanism schemas that are extrapolatable to the extent that the underlying psychological mechanisms are general. These conceptions of generality induce specific biases in mechanistic explanation and are related to different views of when knowledge from different fields should be seen as relevant.

Cognitive grounding for cross-cultural commercial communication

AbstractInternationally recognized brands are an increasingly essential asset for present-day companies. This paper takes a cognitive perspective on the semantics of commercial brands (and their related logos), and explores the role of image schemas in endowing them with a cross-culturally significant core meaning. Two surveys were carried out among speakers of four different languages (i.e., English, Spanish, Chinese, and Arabic) in relation to the logos of several car categories (minis, family cars, 4 × 4s, and sports cars) and a limited set of image schemas (CONTAINER, FORCE, and ATTRIBUTE). The analysis of the results reveals a consistent correlation between the participants' semantic interpretation of the car brands, and the basic meanings deriving from the image schemas included in their logos. The outcome of the surveys also points to the existence of potential constraints on the universal reach of image-schematic-based communication. These limitations emerge either from the combination of image schemas with additional idealized cultural models, or from the use of specific richer configurations of the image-schematic visual cues at work. In this connection, the present study explores the inventory of visual configurations available for the representation of the image schemas under scrutiny, assesses their universal significance, and raises awareness about differences in the cross-cultural communicative effectiveness of the various layouts of a given image-schematic cue.

Military Symbology and Schemes of Battalion Task Force in Selected Tactical Activities (Learning Tool)

This paper deals with the use of military symbology in accordance with the current standard of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) APP–6C from 2012. It analyses the current state of the topic, especially the available resources dedicated to military symbology and schemes of tactical activities of units. The paper defines the procedures and principles in creating tactical symbols and principles for their use in tactical situations. One of the annexes of is an overview of the most common tactical symbols, which provides a standardized, structured set of graphic symbols identifying the most common units, equipment, lines, areas and maneuvers with respect to the current state of the Army of the Czech Republic. This examination also provides the user, through the presentation of MS Office, a comprehensive overview of tactical symbols, as well as short instructions for their use. These symbols can also be removed from the presentation and can be used by the user as the necessary basis for creating one’s own diagrams of tactical situations. The next part of this thesis deals with the design of new variants of schemes selected for use in tactical operations of a battalion task force. This schema set is available to the user as well in a presentation of MS Office. Individual schemes are drawn to ensure the required clarity and so this presentation can be used for teaching and by students. This work is a learning tool which can be used by students of The University of Defense especially in subjects like Tactics of Units and Tactics of Formations and, other fields of study as well as in military practices of the units of the Army of the Czech Republic (ACR).

Model-driven approach to modeling and validating integrity constraints for XML with OCL and Schematron

The idea behind Model Driven Development (MDD) (Miller and Mukerji 2003) is to model the software system on several layers of abstraction. A designer starts from the very abstract specification (independent of the platform and language used) and progresses to more concrete models (using platform-specific constructs) and finally to code. Ideally, each step of the transformation of the model from the more abstract to the less abstract is achieved by a declarative transformation obtained (semi-)automatically. In our previous work, we have developed an approach for designing XML schemas based on MDD. We showed that a set of XML schemas representing different views of the same problem domain can be first modeled in a platform-independent level with a uniform conceptual schema expressed as a UML class diagram. Then each XML schema can be modeled as a view on this uniform UML class diagram. In this paper, we further extend our approach to modeling XML schemas using UML class diagrams with modeling integrity constraints using Object Constraint Language (OCL). We show that an integrity constraint expressed at the platform-independent level as an OCL expression can be translated to an expression at the XML schema level which can be used to validate XML documents. In particular, we propose a method which translates an OCL expression at the platform-independent level to a Schematron expression. Schematron is a language which enables to express integrity constraints at the XML schema level. We show that our approach saves time and prevents from errors made by designers when expressing Schematron constraints manually.

Personalised code generation from large schema sets for geospatial mobile applications

XML and XML Schema are used in the geospatial domain for the definition of standards that enhance the interoperability between producers and consumers of spatial data. The size and complexity of these geospatial standards and their associated schemas have been growing with time reaching levels of complexity that make it difficult to build systems based on them in a timely and cost-effective manner. The problem of producing XML processing code based on large schemas has been traditionally solved by using XML data binding generators. Unfortunately, this solution is not always effective when code is generated for resource-constrained devices, such as mobile phones. Large and complex schemas often result in the production of code with a large size and a complicated structure that might not fit the device limitations. In this article we present the instance-based XML data binding approach to produce more compact application-specific XML processing code for geospatial applications targeted to mobile devices. The approach tries to reduce the size and complexity of the generated code by using information about how schemas are used by individual applications. Our experimental results suggest a significant simplification of XML Schema sets to the real needs of client applications accompanied by a substantial reduction of size of the generated code.

Towards a Fuzzy Mapping for Virtual Integration System

To access a unified way to different information sources while hiding the user autonomy, heterogeneity, distribution and evolution of these sources, we thought to integrate its different sources of information, one of the existing integration approaches appear mediation as virtual approach. The integration approach mediation is performed using a global schema, and a set of mapping (links) associating schemas of sources to integrate with the global schema. The problem arises in creating the set of correspondences between the elements of the schema global and all the elements of local schemas, in this paper we present our approach: A New Fuzzy Mapping Approach for Mediation Systems, a new approach based on fundamental principles of the theory of fuzzy sets. Our approach is to define and associate to each link between two elements a weight that reflects the degree of its existence, it is present in an analysis using two components: syntactic and semantic.

Coming out of the hard of hearing closet: Reflections on a shared journey in academia

Deaf academics who navigate aspects of their professional lives through signed language interpreting services face a range of issues, including handling perceptions of their Hearing peers, identifying and negotiating their own communication preferences, and balancing personal and professional relationships with their interpreters. Interpreters bring individual sets of schemas and skills to their work, which impacts the interpreted interaction. In this paper, a Deaf academic and her interpreter/colleague discuss various challenges in having an interpreter—and being an interpreter—in academia. Topics include being “outed” as a person with a disability because of the presence of an interpreter; the need for interpreters with specialized academic vocabulary; the responsibilities of the Deaf academic and the interpreter in interpreted interactions; and the sense of vulnerability, intimacy, and autonomy experienced by the Deaf academic and the interpreter. The article is a shared reflection about the evolution of a relationship, beginning with the authors’ respective roles as client and interpreter, and leading into to their present alliance as colleagues and friends.Key words: interpretation, Deaf, academic, ethics, disability, autonomy, vulnerability, intimacy, philosophy, hard of hearing, hearing impaired, sign language, oral interpreting, American Sign Language

HCI 장치의 사용자 인터페이스 규칙스키마에 관한 연구

인간의 많은 작업이 컴퓨터를 이용하여 수행됨에 따라 HCI(Human-Computer Interaction)에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. HCI 연구의 한 가지 목표는 좀 더 일관성 있는 시스템의 설계를 제안하는 것이다. 사용자의 관점에서 일관성을 평가하기 위한 대표적인 인지모형으로 TAG(Task Action Grammar), GOMS(Goals - Operators - Methods - Selection Rule), 그리고 GTN(General Transition Network)이 있다. 이 중 TAG는 규칙스키마의 개수를 가지고 시스템의 일관성을 평가한다. 즉, 사용자가 시스템을 이용하여 작업을 할 때 익혀야 할 규칙스키마의 개수가 적으면 적을수록 그 시스템의 일관성은 높다는 것이다. 이 논문에서는 TAG에서 시스템의 일관성을 측정할 때 단순히 규칙스키마의 개수뿐만 아니라 규칙스키마 사이의 거리도 역시 중요한 고려 대상이 되어야 한다는 것을 보이고자 한다. 즉, 규칙스키마 사이의 거리가 짧으면 짧을수록 모든 규칙스키마를 습득하기가 쉬워질 것이다. 실험결과 이 가설은 확인되었다. 따라서 시스템을 설계할 때 규칙스키마의 개수뿐만 아니라 규칙스키마 사이의 거리도 고려되어야 할 것이다. As humans perform many tasks using computers, HCI(Human-Computer Interaction) has received much attention these days. One objective of HCI research is to propose how to design more consistent systems. In order to evaluate the consistency of HCI devices from the user's perspective, several models such as TAG(Task Action Grammar), GOMS(Goals-Operators-Methods-Selection Rule), and GTN(General Transition Network) have been developed. TAG specifies actions to perform tasks in terms of rule schema. It has been verified that the less the number of rule schema is, the better users perform the tasks due to assumably higher consistency. This paper hypothesizes that the consistency of systems depends not only on the number of rule schema but also on the distances between rule schema. That is, the closer the rule schema are, the easier it is to acquire the whole set of rule schema. An experiment supported this hypothesis. Therefore, distances between rule schema should be considered as well as the number of rule schema when designing systems.