Set Of Privileges Research Articles

An Interview With Psychiatry Residency Program Director Toni L. Johnson, M.D.

An Interview With Psychiatry Residency Program Director Toni L. Johnson, M.D.

The ATLAS Access Manager Policy Browser: state-of-the-art web technologies for a rich and interactive data visualization experience

The ATLAS experiment is operated daily by many users and experts working concurrently on several aspects of the detector. The safe and optimal access to the various software and hardware resources of the experiment is guaranteed by a role-based access control system (RBAC) provided by the ATLAS Trigger and Data Acquisition (TDAQ) system. The roles are defined by an inheritance hierarchy. Depending on duties, every ATLAS user has a well-defined set of access privileges (rules) corresponding to a specific set of assigned roles. In total, there are several hundred roles and several thousand users. Over the years, the system grew up in terms of users and roles, motivating the deployment of a visualization tool named “Policy Browser”. Currently, it is the primary tool for role administrators to manage all the aspects of the Access Management via a rich web-based interface. This paper presents the requirements, design and implementation of the “Policy Browser”. The tool is able to aggregate and correlate all the information provided by the RBAC system and offers a visual representation of the interrelations occurring among roles, users, hosts and rules. Additionally, the “Policy Browser” implements a powerful and flexible query mechanism facilitating the browsing of all the authorizations granted by the system. As an example of the available visual representations, the “Policy Browser” is capable of dynamically generating graphs to quickly display the role giving a user some defined privileges. A graph explorer is also provided in order to browse the role&s inheritance hierarchy. The “Policy Browser” is implemented using robust JavaScript frameworks: AngularJS, Bootstrap, D3.js for the front-end, and Django a python framework for the back-end. The use cases and the results based on an informal evaluation provided by the roles administrators are also presented.

Some Aspect of Legal Regulation of Special Economic Zones in Russia

The authors analyze the Russian and international experience of functioning of territories with special legal status. The multiple advantages of establishing and developing of such territories in the country in the short-term and long term are noted. On the basis of the analysis of the Federal Law “About special economic zones in the Russian Federation” and the other normative legal acts, the advantages and the shortcomings of the legal regulation of the creation, management and closing of the special economic zones are revealed. The factors defining a set of privileges for the foreign investors in various territories with special legal status and also the conditions of the effective work of the special economic zone of industrial and production type are considered. The authors support their analysis of the legislation with the description and comparison of economic indicators of work of two special economic zones of industrial and production type in the Volga Federal District. The authors also consider jurisprudence on the controversial issues arising in the connection with the establishment of special economic zones. The article comes to the end with the consideration of possible prospects of the territories with special legal status transformation.

A escola (a)pesar: a educação em tempos de leveza hipermoderna

A sociedade hipermoderna é uma sociedade excitada que demanda da escola a personalização do ensino e a customização e espetacularização da experiência escolar. Este texto tem como objetivo levantar interseções e questionamentos acerca do caráter hiperconsumista da expansão capitalista, das características peculiares da sociedade hipermoderna e do lugar da escola e da educação diante desses novos paradigmas. Para tal, aproximouse a perspectiva psicanalítica das teorias filosóficas de pensadores como Zygmunt Bauman e Gilles Lipovetsky a fim de lançar luz aos impactos importantes à fragilização do laço social oriundos da nova ordem socioeconômica. Nesse sentido, é possível pensar que, para além do peso das novas demandas econômicas, culturais e tecnológicas, cabe à escola ocupar uma posição de ação estruturante e edificadora e colocar-se como instância social que guarda o interesse da formação do sujeito ético, reflexivo, crítico e sensível às urgências de um país, cujos altos índices de desigualdade asseguram um monopólio de privilégios.

Polymorphisms in Receptors Involved in Opsonic and Nonopsonic Phagocytosis, and Correlation with Risk of Infection in Oncohematology Patients.

High-risk hematological malignancies are a privileged setting for infection by opportunistic microbes, with invasive mycosis being one of the most serious complications. Recently, genetic background has emerged as an unanticipated risk factor. For this reason, polymorphisms for genes encoding archetypal receptors involved in the opsonic and nonopsonic clearance of microbes, pentraxin-3 (PTX3) and Dectin-1, respectively, were studied and correlated with the risk of infection. Fungal, bacterial, and viral infections were registered for a group of 198 patients with high-risk hematological malignancies. Polymorphisms for the pentraxin-3 gene (PTX3) showed a significant association with the risk of fungal infection by Candida spp. and, especially, by Aspergillus spp. This link remained even for patients undergoing antifungal prophylaxis, thus demonstrating the clinical relevance of PTX3 in the defense against fungi. CLEC7A polymorphisms did not show any definite correlation with the risk of invasive mycosis, nor did they influence the expression of Dectin-1 isoforms generated by alternative splicing. The PTX3 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in samples from healthy volunteers who showed these polymorphisms, although no differences were observed in the extents of induction elicited by bacterial lipopolysaccharide and heat-killed Candidaalbicans, thus suggesting that the expression of PTX3 at the start of infection may influence the clinical outcome. PTX3 mRNA expression can be a good biomarker to establish proper antifungal prophylaxis in immunodepressed patients.

The Influence of Greco-Roman Literature on the Poetry of Ahmad Shawqi

The paper consists of an introduction and three main parts. Part I is a reading of Shawqi's poem Aristotle. Part II deals with Shawqi's epic poetry. Part III looks at Shawqi's poetic theater. Ahmad Shawqi (1868–1932) was one of the finest Arabic-language poets and dramatists to pioneer the modern Egyptian literary movement; Shawqi was most notable for introducing poetic epics and drama to the Arabic literary tradition. Shawqi, deemed the “Prince of Poets” and one of the greatest Arabic poet laureates, was raised in a privileged setting with Turkish, Kurdish, Circassian, Greek, and Arab roots. As Shawqi was very relevant to the Khedive Palace, the Khedive sent him, in the late nineteenth century, to France to continue his studies in law and learn about French literature at the Universities of Montpellier and Paris. While in France, he was heavily influenced by the works of French playwrights, most notably Moliere and Racine. The evident phenomenon in Shawqi's epic and theatrical poetry is influenced by the French classical school, which derived its subjects from the tragedies of Greek and Roman history. In this pattern, Shawqi derived the topics of his tragedies from Egyptian and Arab history.

The Transcriptomic Analysis of Circulating Immune Cells in a Celiac Family Unveils Further Insights Into Disease Pathogenesis

Celiac disease (CD), the most common chronic enteropathy worldwide, is triggered and sustained by a dysregulated immune response to dietary gluten in genetically susceptible individuals. Up to date either the role of environmental factors and the pathways leading to mucosal damage have been only partially unraveled. Therefore, we seized the unique opportunity to study a naturally-occurring experimental model of a family composed of both parents suffering from CD (one on a gluten-free diet) and two non-celiac daughters. The control group consisted in four unrelated cases, two celiac and two non-celiac subjects, all matching with family members for both disease status and genetic susceptibility. In this privileged setting, we sought to investigate gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), a population known to mirror the immune response state within the gut. To this purpose, PBMCs were obtained from the four biopsied-proven CD patients and the four non-celiac cases. Each group included two family members and two unrelated control subjects. After RNA purification and cDNA synthesis, each sample underwent a microarray screen on a whole-transcriptome scale, and the hybridization results were visualized by hierarchical clustering. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were partitioned into clusters displaying comparable regulations among samples. These clusters were subjected to both functional and pathway analysis by using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Interestingly, on a global gene expression level, the family members clustered together, regardless of their disease status. A relevant fraction of DEG belonged to a limited number of pathways, and could be differentiated based on disease status: active CD vs. treated CD and CD vs. controls. These pathways were mainly involved in immune function regulation, cell-cell junctions, protein targeting and degradation, exosome trafficking, and signal transduction. Worth of noting, a small group of genes mapping on the male-specific region of the Y chromosome, and previously linked to cardiovascular risk, was found to be strongly upregulated in the active CD case belonging to the family, who suddenly died of a heart attack. Our results provide novel information on CD pathogenesis and may be useful in identifying new therapeutic tools and risk factors associated with this condition.

КОНЦЕПЦИЯ ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННОГО ПОСТРОЕНИЯ ЗАЩИЩЕННОЙ ИНФОРМАЦИОННОЙ СИСТЕМЫ ТОРГОВОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ

The article discusses the concept of organizational formation of the protected information system of a commercial enterprise. The content and classification of information resources, subject to the characteristics of the trading activities, information about customers, employees, communicative, general, financial and legal data have been given; the level of importance has been revealed. The basic principles of creating the protected information system in terms of specificity of a commercial enterprise (continuity, integrity, systemacy, legitimacy) have been formulated. Taking into account the specified principles, the thematic content of requirements to the protected information system has been determined: centralization, planning, preciseness, purposefulness, activity, reliability, flexibility, originality, openness, economic efficiency. There are given recommendations to building a secure information system, which include easy maintenance and transparency for users of the mechanisms of the information system protection; a minimum set of privileges for users; ability to disable the security mechanisms of information system in the critical circumstances; independence of protection mechanisms from the information system; assumptions about the worst intentions and potential users’ errors; minimization of information about existing mechanisms of information system protection. It has been determined that the information system protection includes two components: organizational and administrative (including the internal documents regulating the issues of protection) and technical (including the subsystems of anti-virus protection, back up and archiving, email security, intrusion detection, protection of data transmission channels, identification and authentication of users); their functional purpose being analyzed. The purpose and content of security policy of information system were determined as a theoretical basis of organizational and administrative components of the protection system. It has been inferred about the universality of the presented method providing secure communication for the users of a business.

A pornificação do corpo masculino: notas sobre o imperativo das imagens na busca entre homens por parceiros on-line

A partir de uma cartografia sobre os usos que homens fazem de aplicativos de busca de parcerias amorosas e sexuais, tais como o Grindr e o Hornet, buscamos refletir sobre o imperativo das imagens nos sites e aplicativos de busca entre homens por parceiros on-line. Analisamos transformações históricas no âmbito do desenvolvimento tecnológico para pensar como essas mudanças incidem nas buscas por amor e sexo no cenário atual. Ao contrário das visões que entendiam que a internet teria efeitos descorporificadores, na qual o corpo perderia importância como critério nas buscas de parcerias, notamos que o corpo não apenas importa, como tem se tornado central como critério de seleção nas buscas on-line. Mas qual é o corpo desejado neste contexto? Em consonância com pesquisas contemporâneas, entendemos que está em curso um processo que chamamos de pornificação. As imagens, pelas quais os indivíduos se autoapresentam on-line, parecem remeter a iconografia oriunda da pornografia, de modo que, os corpos pornificados, atualmente, parecem se constituir como o enquadramento privilegiado para designar quais corpos importam e são mais desejados nos espaços digitais.

Management of access privileges for dynamic access control

Access control is an important security mechanism for the protection of sensitive information and critical system resources. While it has been well-known that traditional access control models (TACMs), such as DAC, MAC, RBAC, etc., are not well suited for open networks due to the lack of dynamism in the management of access privileges, pro-active or dynamic access control models (PACMs) developed in recent years generally suffer from performance problems due to complex evaluation performed prior to access authorization. In game theory based dynamic access control models, which are one type of dynamic models, each access is modeled as a game that is played between the accessing subject and the accessed or protected object and the result of the play serves as the basis for making the authorization decision. Thus, delay is unavoidably introduced into the authorization process due to such pre-access evaluation. To overcome the shortcomings of TACMs and PACMs simultaneously, in this paper, we propose a new access control model called ISAC that, unlike all present access control models, is used not as a mechanism for access authorization but one for dynamic management of access privileges upon the completion of each access with the result being an updated set of access privileges for the accessing subject and used for updating the corresponding access control list for the subject. Access authorization will still be performed in the same way as that in the traditional access control models. Thus, ISAC offers the advantages of both traditional access control models in performance and pro-active access control models in dynamism. We will apply incomplete information static game to the development of ISAC in which we will show that there exists at least one Bayesian Nash equilibrium for the game play, which is the theoretical foundation for ISAC. We will also describe a framework design and an example implementation to illustrate the application of ISAC to access control. At last, we will present some experimental results to show that while maintaining the effectiveness of dynamic access control through the management of access privileges, ISAC can achieve the performance of traditional access control models.

The Whys of Social Exclusion: Insights from Behavioral Economics

All over the world, people are prevented from participating fully in society through mechanisms that go beyond the structural and institutional barriers that rational choice theory identifies (—poverty, exclusion by law or force, taste-based or statistical discrimination, and externalities from social networks differentiated by socioeconomic status). This paper discusses four additional mechanisms that can be explained by bounded rationality: (a) implicit discrimination, (b) self-stereotyping and self-censorship, (c) rules of thumb adapted to disadvantaged environments that are dysfunctional in more privileged settings, and (d) “adaptive preferences,” in which an excluded group comes to view its exclusion as natural. Institutions, if they are stable, come to have cognitive foundations---concepts, categories, social identities, and worldviews---through which people mediate their perceptions of themselves and the world around them. Abolishing or reforming a discriminatory institution may have little effect on the social categories it created; groups previously discriminated against by law may remain excluded through custom and habits of the mind. Recognizing new forces of social exclusion, behavioral economics identifies ways to offset them. Some interventions have had very consequential impacts.

The Kongs of Qufu: The Descendants of Confucius in Late Imperial China by Christopher S. Agnew

Reviewed by: The Kongs of Qufu: The Descendants of Confucius in Late Imperial China by Christopher S. Agnew Don J. Wyatt (bio) Christopher S. Agnew. The Kongs of Qufu: The Descendants of Confucius in Late Imperial China. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2019. xi, 241 pp. Paperback $30.00, isbn 978-0-295-74593-0. Christopher S. Agnew's ambitious The Kongs of Qufu: The Descendants of Confucius in Late Imperial China constitutes a longitudinal examination of exceptionalism on multiple levels. On the most fundamental level, to be sure, we must regard this exceptionalism foremost as genealogical. After all, from the Han dynasty (202 B.C.E.–220 C.E.) forward, only those Kongs of China based at Qufu (in the southwestern part of the present-day province of Shandong) succeeded in becoming the direct progeny of the fabled "first teacher," Kong Qiu or Confucius (551–479 B.C.E.). On this basis, they thereafter secured the perquisite of perennial enfeoffment by every successive regime of the imperial order. However, this pertinent fact of ancestry notwithstanding, what Agnew's study demonstrates even more deftly is the depth as well as the durability of the exceptionalism with which we are presented by the Qufu Kongs. Through it, he painstakingly illuminates the intricacies of how this lineage was able to withstand not merely dynastic change but also bureaucratic–administrative imperatives across the ages in ways that made its members truly anomalous, distinct from all others in the empire. In doing so, Agnew provides us with a portrait in patriliny that was profoundly adept at exploiting its distinctiveness to its own advantage across time and successful in doing it far more so in novel political and economic terms that we could hardly suspect than in the customary cultural and ritualistic ones that we might normally expect. Apart from its "Introduction," which most advantageously offers a succinct survey of the existing Chinese- and Western-language secondary literature on the Kongs of Qufu as a lineage and its "Conclusion," which functionally serves more in the vein of an early twentieth-century epilogue than a restatement of prior arguments, Agnew's study consists of seven chronologically progressive chapters. The first chapter, "Inventing the Dukedom," explicates the watershed ritualistic debate of the mid-eleventh century resulting in the creation of the title of Duke for Fulfilling the Sage (Yansheng Gong 衍聖公), which was retained exclusively by the Qufu Kongs and not abolished until 1935.1 However, Agnew simultaneously contextualizes it as the product of factional politics arising during the early or Northern Song dynasty (960–1127), with one clear [End Page 243] ramification being the unprecedented creation of a county magistracy that was administratively separate from the ritualistic jurisdiction of the dukedom and yet still controlled by Kongs, at least at first. This bifurcation of what formerly was a unitary set of privileges vested in one man by imperial fiat was clearly intended to reduce the political influence of Kong lineage. The unintended effect it actually had, however, was to facilitate among the Qufu Kongs a level of self-rule that was replicated nowhere else in the empire, neither then nor later. Yet, as Agnew makes known via chapters 2 and 3, this early fourteenthcentury designation of Qufu as the county capital and Queli as the ritualistic site of the ducal residence—comprised of the Kong Manor (Kong Fu 孔府), the Kong Temple (Kong Miao 孔廟), and the Kong Cemetery (Kong Lin 孔林)—resulted in a firm jurisdictional distinction between the two (i.e., a bureaucratic wall that had not previously existed). Although separated by a distance of merely nine li 里, or three miles, once the distinction was formalized by Zhu Yuanzhang (1328–1398) as founding emperor of the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), the administrative seat of Qufu and the cultural seat of Queli entered into a fraught and oftentimes antagonistic relationship that would continue into the twentieth century. Or, as Agnew states the matter, "Local politics thus took on the character of a struggle between these contending sites and ideas, between those who supported the centralized aristocratic administration of hereditary ducal power, and those who sought to press for the regularization of local administration to bring it more in line...

An Internet of Things-based health prescription assistant and its security system design

Today, telemedicine has a great reputation because of its capacity to provide quality healthcare services to remote locations. To achieve its purposes, telemedicine utilizes a number of wireless technologies as well as the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT is redefining the capacity of telemedicine in terms of improved and seamless healthcare services. In this regard, this paper contributes to the set of features of telemedicine by proposing a model for an IoT-based health prescription assistant (HPA), which helps each patient to follow the doctors recommendations properly. This paper also designs a security system that ensures user authentication and protected access to resources and services. The security system authenticates a user based on the OpenID standard. An access control mechanism is implemented to prevent unauthorized access to medical devices. Once the authentication is successful, the user is issued an authorization ticket, which this paper calls a security access token (SAT). The SAT contains a set of privileges that grants the user access to medical IoT devices and their services and/or resources. The SAT is cryptographically protected to guard against forgery. A medical IoT device verifies the SAT prior to serving a request, and thus, ensures protected access. A prototype of the proposed system has been implemented to experimentally analyze and compare the resource efficiency of different SAT verification approaches in terms of a number of performance metrics, including computation and communication overhead.

Balfour's World: Aristocracy and Political Culture at the Fin de Siècle by Nancy W. Ellenberger (review)

Reviewed by: Balfour's World: Aristocracy and Political Culture at the Fin de Siècle by Nancy W. Ellenberger Angus Hawkins (bio) Balfour's World: Aristocracy and Political Culture at the Fin de Siècle, Nancy W. Ellenberger; 388 pp. Suffolk: The Boydell Press, 2015, £30.00, $24.99. Nancy W. Ellenberger's absorbing and original study, Balfour's World: Aristocracy and Political Culture at the Fin de Siècle, presents what she calls a "braided narrative" (11). A series of chapters explore successive episodes in the lives of Arthur Balfour, George Pembroke, the sisters Laura and Margot Tennant, and the siblings George and Mary Wyndham in the 1880s and 1890s. All were associated with an informal intellectual and artistic circle named "the Souls," whose conversations and parlor games aspired to treat the serious lightly and the light seriously; a self-regarding, competitive levity engaged both sexes on equal terms (143). Ellenberger's aim is to define what she sees as a new "emotional regime" within which this section of the political elite moved, and to explore the ways in which friendship, marriage, and shifting gender relations were negotiated amid social and political transformation (8). To this task Ellenberger brings a finely-tuned sensitivity to personality and temperament, and draws extensively on archives, letters and diaries, and recent historical scholarship. The enigmatic Balfour and the thoughtful, but troubled, Pembroke are compared as privileged young "men of fortune" (13). Contrasting domestic backgrounds and, on occasion, perilous social encounters then frame the different upbringing and character of the elusive and mercurial Laura Tennant (daughter of a hugely wealthy Scottish industrialist) and the shy and insecure Mary Wyndham (later Lady Elcho and the daughter of Wiltshire gentry). This is followed by a chapter describing the volatile and rebellious Margot Tennant (later Asquith) and the more conventional George Wyndham (later Balfour's private secretary). Having assembled her main cast, with other players introduced, Ellenberger subsequently examines the changing political and social environment within which the lives of this circle unfolded and the various personas and values each adopted. The impact of the Home Rule Crisis, the mass electorate created by the reforms of 1884 to 1885, the attributes of political performance, the entry of new plutocracies into national politics, the decline of aristocratic engagement in political life, the expansion of the popular press, the exposure of the behavior of elites to mass curiosity, and the nature of celebrity and scandal are brought to bear on the individual choices and fortunes of her subjects. Ellenberger uses the challenging opportunities and dangers open to women looking for a part in public life or in privileged settings of greater mixed-sex sociability, and the conventions of the country house party, to explore the shifting boundaries of what might be deemed appropriate behavior. The conduct and morality of the Souls are compared to the "chaffing" and practical jokes of the "fast set" associated with the Prince of Wales and his Marlborough House clique (141). In the process, Balfour gradually emerges as a skilled political performer, with an aloof and reserved public demeanor, seemingly both languid and detached, with a conversational rhetorical manner inviting his audience to trust in, rather than being commanded to support, his views. Pembroke, meanwhile, assumed the duties of landed paternalism, overseeing his estates in Wiltshire and Dublin and pursuing philanthropic projects, while nursing a debilitating sense of personal inconsequence. After her marriage to Alfred Lyttelton, [End Page 670] Laura Tennant died prematurely, in childbirth, in 1886—a tragic loss that haunted her sister Margot, who was afterward tormented by thoughts of her own comparative shortcomings. A diligent and effective lieutenant to Balfour, George Wyndham eventually suffered a nervous breakdown, which forced him to abandon politics. Mary Wyndham, as Lady Elcho, maintained a private, affectionate relationship with the bachelor Balfour over a fifty-year period, compensating for the infidelities and domestic tyranny of her husband. Of this group of friends, only Balfour, who became Prime Minister in 1902 and remained active in politics until 1929, and Margot Tennant, as the wife of the Liberal Prime Minister Herbert Henry Asquith, attained real prominence in national public life. While much is deftly done by Ellenberger, the strengths...

Bromine soil/sediment enrichment in tidal salt marshes as a potential indicator of climate changes driven by solar activity: New insights from W coast Portuguese estuaries.

This paper aims at providing insight about bromine (Br) cycle in four Portuguese estuaries: Minho, Lima (in the NW coast) and Sado, Mira (in the SW coast). The focus is on their tidal marsh environments, quite distinct with regard to key biophysicochemical attributes. Regardless of the primary bromide (Br-) common natural source, i.e., seawater, the NW marshes present relatively higher surface soil/sediment Br concentrations than the ones from SW coast. This happens in close connection with organic matter (OM) content, and is controlled by their main climatic contexts. Yet, the anthropogenic impact on Br concentrations cannot be discarded. Regarding [Br] spatial patterns across the marshes, the results show a general increase from tidal flat toward high marsh. Maxima [Br] occur in the upper driftline zone, at transition from highest low marsh to high marsh, recognized as a privileged setting for OM accumulation. Based on the discovery of OM ubiquitous bromination in marine and transitional environments, it is assumed that this Br occurs mainly as organobromine. Analysis of two dated sediment cores indicates that, despite having the same age (AD ~1300), the Caminha salt marsh (Minho estuary) evidences higher Br enrichment than the Casa Branca salt marsh (Mira estuary). This is related to a greater Br storage ability, which is linked to OM build-up and rate dynamics under different climate scenarios. Both cores evidence a fairly similar temporal Br enrichment pattern, and may be interpreted in light of the sun-climate coupling. Thereby, most of the well-known Grand Solar Minima during the Little Ice Age appear to have left an imprint on these marshes, supported by higher [Br] in soils/sediments. Besides climate changes driven by solar activity and impacting marsh Br biogeodynamics, those Br enrichment peaks might also reflect inputs of enhanced volcanic activity covarying with Grand Solar Minima.

The life and adventures of an eight-legged castaway: Colonization and diversification of Philisca ghost spiders on Robinson Crusoe Island (Araneae, Anyphaenidae)

Oceanic archipelagoes, by their young origin and isolation, provide privileged settings to study the origin and diversification of species. Here, we study the anyphaenid spider genus Philisca, endemic to the Valdivian temperate rainforest, which includes species living both on the mainland as well as on the Robison Crusoe Island in the Juan Fernández archipelago. Anyphaenids, as many spiders, are potentially good colonizers due their ability for ballooning, an airborne dispersal mediated by strands of silk that are caught in the wind. We use a molecular approach to estimate both the phylogenetic relationships and the timeframe of species diversification of Philisca, with the aim to infer its evolutionary history. We further estimate the rates of speciation on both the insular and continental Philisca species and score the microhabitat used by each species and their sizes as a proxy to evaluate ecological niche diversification within the island. Most analyses support the monophyly of Philisca, with the exclusion of Philisca tripunctata. Our results reveal colonization from a single lineage that postdated the origin of the island, followed by rapid (∼2Ma) diversification. The ancestral microhabitat was most likely leaf-dwelling but we identify two independent microhabitat shifts. Our data provides evidence that Philisca has undergone an adaptive radiation on the Robison Crusoe Island.

Simplex Email: Controlled Access of an Email Account among the Users of a Cluster

paper, we have addressed a scenario, where a group of people are in need to access the common files of enormous size through mails. However, the space constraint observed in the mailbox of an individual, be in the public domain or in the private domain, either due to insufficient remaining space or the allocated space, the considerably large files cannot be communicated. We have proposed a simplex mail account, meant for people within an organization, academic institution, government, etc., wherein the bigger files can easily be stored and accessed through mail. The simplex mail account is a single mail account and can be viewed by number of people with two sets of privileges. Though a single mailbox is accessed with number of people simultaneously, the security issues are as good as the ones being offered by the other mailing systems already available. Keywordsmail account, authorization, two-factor authentication, repudiation, denial of service.

Children´s play and affective development: affect, school adjustment and learning in preschoolers / El juego infantil y el desarrollo afectivo: afecto, ajuste escolar y aprendizaje en la etapa preescolar

Preschool education is a privileged setting where social development and the progressive achievement of emotional adjustment occur. During this stage, affect plays an important role in social interaction. Furthermore, children’s play has been described as an activity with a great potential for promoting development. This article reports results from the systematic observation of 38 five- to six-year-old children in four different school activities on two separate occasions. A total number of 304 registries, totalling 1,520 minutes, were made during the observations, which were conducted with the objective of comparing affective expression in different activities and inquiring into its relationship to school adjustment and performance in preschoolers. It was found that affect’s intensity and quality is higher during play. Results are discussed taking into account positive relationships between affect and school adjustment and performance, concluding that children’s play is a privileged activity for affective development and should be promoted in preschool education.

The Privileges of Being a Hindu, Upper Caste and Elite Class, Male in India

When Peggy McIntosh referred to the term 'White Male Privilege' she describes conditions that systematically 'overempower certain groups' and 'confers dominance, gives permission to control, because of one's race or sex', in a Western society. These privileges according to her are unjust and unearned. She stated that, "I was taught to see racism only in individual acts of meanness, not in invisible systems conferring dominance on my group". Similarly, in a conservative, patriarchal, stratified, casteist, hierarchical, unequal modern Indian society, the undeserved 'Male Privileges' besides the unwarranted advantage of being a 'Hindu' hailing from an 'Upper Caste' and 'Elite Class' plays a significant role in defining the social status of a person which accordingly confers him the voice, the dominant position, the decision making authority and the power to exercise control over others. These socially sanctioned prerogatives conferred to a person operate together to legitimize his superior and authoritative position, on the basis of which he may tend to subjugate others including poor, women, minorities and those from lower caste or deprived classes. Also, a particular episode of violence that occurs because of such unbalanced power equation is often seen in its micro context without realizing the undesirable systemic macro-structure in which it happens. McIntosh in her paper argued that in 'the same way men are not taught to acknowledge the ways in which they enjoy the benefits of being a male, similarly whites are conferred with privileges that they are taught not to recognize'. Likewise, in the present Indian society, these systematic structured unearned privileges of being a Hindu, a male, hailing from an upper caste and an elite class operate unjustifiably, invisibly and visibly, knowingly or unknowingly, where those privileged are neither taught to recognize the plight of 'others' nor the prerogatives conferred to them. These matrixes of privileges are inter-related, interconnected, intersecting, interlocked and operates together in a manner to reiterates, and strengthens the structures of oppression. Thus, patriarchy, religious hegemony, casteism and wealth inequalities, all operate together to reinforce the culture of domination in an unconscious and invisible manner though the Constitution of India as well as the legal system is premised on the principles of equality, substantive equality and social justice. This essay looks at these systemic oppressions or the set of privileges which are structural, inbuilt, institutional and often remain hidden or unnoticed and unrecognized in social, political or legal debates relating to marginalization of subaltern groups. It is accordingly suggested to recognize, acknowledge and work around these privileges in order to comprehend the unarticulated darkness surrounding it and to gain a holistic perception of the prevalent structural and systemic exploitation with the aim to reconstruct the egalitarian society where social structure is free from conditions that favours a few at the cost of majority of 'Others'.

Consideraciones sobre el papel de los "oppida veteris Latii" como focos de ignición de la romanización cultural y política de las comunidades hispanas en época republicana

In the light of the recent publications on the probable existence of an extensive Latin colonization program in Hispania during the Roman Republic, this paper reviews two communities like Salduie and Contrebia Belaisca which, though they did not enjoy a Roman legal‐administrative statute during the Republican period, show typical institutions, ways and cultural products of a privileged setting. This situation may be explained on the basis of the feasible influence of the likely Latin colonies of Hispania Citerior, in particular those fossilized through their transformation into [municipia] veteris Latii under Augustus.