Set Of Basic Indicators Research Articles

MACRO PRUDENTIAL POLICIES AND THEIR IMPACT ON FINANCIAL STABILITY IN IRAQ

The macro prudential policy expresses a set of procedures and steps through procedures and steps through which systemic risks are identified, monitored and controlled to reduce the accumulation of these risks and enhance the financial system‘s ability to withstand shocks, using a set of tools based on a set of basic indicators, and systemic risks are meant: risks of developments that threaten the stability of the financial system and thus the entire economy. The Iraqi economy was exposed to internal and external complex shocks that led to the distortion of the production structure and all sectors and disparity in income, which led to an increase in unemployment rates, an increase in poverty rates and budget deficits, which led to the accumulation of debts, and an imbalance occurred between savings and desirable investment, and the rooting of the imbalance in the structure of foreign trade (between exports and imports The weakness of the monetary and financial policies and their conflict in many cases, the weakness of the banking system and the underdevelopment of the financial market all led to the economy‘s inability to resist those complex, complex and even simple shocks, which led to the failure to achieve the financial stability in Iraq necessary to achieve sustainability in it

Implementation of Climate/Energy Targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy by the EU Member States

The most important goals on the Europe 2020 Strategy contained were the climate/energy goals, which determine the achievement of other targets of the strategy. The aim of the article is to evaluate the implementation of the climate/energy targets of the Europe 2020 Strategy by the EU Member States in 2010 and 2019 and to compare the results achieved by them. To measure them, a basic set of indicators was used for this purpose, which the authors supplemented with additional indicators. The evaluation was done using the taxonomic and zero-unitarization method. They made it possible to integrate all indicators. Moreover, the added value in relation to other studies is: the use of individual indicators, instead of general ones obtaining additional information about the internal structure and nature of the implementation of multidimensional groups of targets and focusing solely on the achievement of climate/energy targets. The achieved results not only reflect the progress of the Member States in achieving the climate/energy targets and the differences in the level of achieving objectives between countries, but they are also discussion on future strategic objectives, their indicators and necessary directions for a further community climate/energy policy.

Designed layered materials based on sheets of aluminum-lithium alloys and fiberglass in the designs of new generation aircrafts

The developments in the field of layered aluminum-fiberglass using sheets of aluminum-lithium alloys and layers of fiberglass are presented. A set of basic indicators is considered depending on the stacking of layers in the structures of aluminum-fiberglass СИАЛ. The tests show the advantages of structures using laminated hybrid materials over structures made of traditional aluminum alloys. Keywords: laminated hybrid material, aluminum-fiberglass СИАЛ, GLARE, aluminum-lithium alloy, structurally similar specimen. admin@viam.ru

Method of informational risk range evaluation in decision making

Looks into evaluation of information provision probability from different sources, based on use of linguistic variables. Formation of functions appurtenant for its unclear variables provides for adoption of decisions by the decision maker, in conditions of nonprobabilistic equivocation. The development of market relations in Ukraine increases the independence and responsibility of enterprises in justifying and making management decisions that ensure their effective, competitive activities. As a result of the analysis, it is determined that the condition of economic facilities can be described and determined by the decision-maker, in the presence of the necessary information. The confidence of the decision-maker in the information received is different and the decisions made have a correspondingly different level of information risk. It is important to substantiate the procedure for assessing the numerical extent of information risk in decision-making based on the information obtained in conditions of uncertainty. The use of a linguistic variable in the processing of expert data presented in the form of a matrix of binary relations of values of the membership function, which allowed to move to further processing of knowledge to support decision-making in the management of industrial, commercial, financial and other activities. As a mathematical model for estimating the numerical measure of information risk when making decisions based on the information obtained in conditions of non-stochastic uncertainty, a model has been developed to model natural language uncertainties, which differs from existing ones by formalizing knowledge taking into account uncertainty of input information. Making such a clear decision in a fuzzy environment has appropriate values of effectiveness and risk. The paper proposes all the functions and accessories of indicators of both quantitative nature and qualitative nature to bring their values in the field of definition to one scale. Then the indicator of the effectiveness of decision-making will be a measure of the clarity of the cross-section of fuzzy subsets, which correspond to the introduced indicators of information risk. The condition of economic facilities can be described and determined by the decision-maker, if the necessary information is available. Decision-making on thenumerical measure of information risk must be determined by a set of basic indicators (criteria), which can be both quantitative and qualitative in nature. Predictive values of indicators should be determined in conditions of nonstochastic uncertainty. In this case, the indicators of a quantitative nature can be determined by fuzzy triangular numbers, which implement a high level of confidence in the subjective judgments of experts. Indicators of qualitative nature should be presented in linguistic variables. The values of the indicators of qualitative nature that are predicted must be considered for all fuzzy variable terms-sets of linguistic variables introduced into consideration. For any fuzzy variable, the introduction to the consideration of a clear set of values as carriers of the α-level of its membership function allows to reduce to a single interpretation of the predicted values of indicators of quantitative and qualitative nature in terms of non-stochastic uncertainty.

Selecting a model of unmanned aerial vehicle to accept it for military purposes with regard to expert data

The issue of equipping Armed Forces with modern unmanned aerial vehicles and accepting them into service remains unresolved. At present, the needs of Armed Forces of Ukraine in unmanned aerial vehicles have not been clearly identified, as well as the approaches regarding the choice of particular models. Present article proposes to select a model of armament based on the set of basic indicators (criteria) that may have quantitative and qualitative nature. We substantiate the necessity to predict the values of indicators under conditions of nonstochastic uncertainty. It is noted that should the research utilize statistics, then the task of predicting the given characteristics could be solved under conditions of stochastic uncertainty. In this case, it is necessary to take into account the assumption that the set of factors, which defined statistical significance of TTC, remains unchanged over the predicted time period. Under such assumption, long-term prediction of the TTC values cannot be considered satisfactory. It is obvious that the prediction of TTC values of UAV samples is considered under conditions of nonstochastic uncertainty based on the setting of appraisal and processing expert data. We proposed a decomposition of problem into hierarchy that reflects the content of multi-criteria optimization problem, in this case, it is characterized by a fuzzy description of the predicted values of basic UAV TTC, which have distinctly expressed quantitative and qualitative nature and are measured in appropriate magnitudes. An appraisal was performed to determine the predicted values of each characteristics of UAV. When processing expert data, values for each of the quantitative characteristics are represented by a fuzzy triangular number. Regarding the indicators of qualitative nature, we examined relevant linguistic variables. According to the method of hierarchy analysis, we carried out a comparative assessment of the indicators' significance. In order to obtain generalized indicators for the priority UAV model, the principle of synthesis is proposed.

Determination of Economic Indicators in the Context of Corporate Sustainability Performance

This article is focused on determination of the most significant economic indicators influencing corporate sustainability performance. Corporate sustainability performance is a multidimensional concept based on the original idea of sustainable development, replacing the traditional understanding of corporate performance only as capital appreciation for owners (shareholders). Compared to the original concept of sustainable development which consists of environmental, social and economic performance, the so-called triple-bottom-line, it is broaden to the responsibilities and the impact of Corporate Governance on the corporate performance. The basic set of economic indicators has been constructed from a synthesis of resources developed by international organizations (Global Reporting Initiative, International Federation of Accountants) and research among manufacturing companies in the Czech Republic. The basic set of twenty-five key indicators is divided into seven groups: Costs, Investments, Economic Results, Asset and financial resources utilization, Suppliers reliability, Penalties and RandD expenses. Basic set of indicators was presented to 23 top-managers who quantified the potential effect of each indicator to the success and sustainability of their companies. Through the methods of descriptive statistics knowledge of the particularities of each indicator was obtained. Correlation analysis and factor analysis were applied in order to eliminate information duplicity and dimensionality reduction. The result is a reduction in the number of economic indicators, so that the loss of information on the influence of the original indicators on the corporate sustainability is minimized. Corporate sustainability indicators are a tool for measuring and managing progress towards sustainability goals and environmental, social and economic impacts.

Bank Valuation Research: Experience of the Baltic States

The valuation of bank activity is important to shareholders, potential investors, supervisors, government institutions and society. They are interested in safety and profitability of funds invested as well as stable and safe growth of the economy. A lot of theoretical methods of valuation exist. The internal valuation of bank usually is concentrated on shareholders’ purpose – increasing of profitability and cash flow. The external valuation is many – sided and especially concentrates on risk. In order to clarify methods, the most useful for valuation and decision making, the investigation was performed. The research showed that methods of internal valuation can be divided into two groups: methods based on cash flow and methods based on profitability measurement. Methods of external valuation can be specified for assets quality, capital adequacy, liquidity, profitability, management and other qualitative factors. As external valuation is much wider, the internal valuation should be improved by adding necessary fields of appraisal for creation of effective valuation system. As different indicators may value the same aspects of performance, the practical determination of the most important indicators is needed. Therefore the research of the most frequent methods used by internal and external appraisers was performed for Lithuania and tested on the rest of the Baltic States. The main internal and external indicators were determined. Indicators are as follows: Total debt / Total common equity; ROA; ROE; Provisions / Total loan portfolio; Non – performing loans / Share capital and reserves; Provisions / Non – performing loans; Non – performing loans / Pre – provision income; Additional expenses in income; Deposits. The selection of the significant variables was performed by using the model, based on multidimensional regression. The set of basic indicators was tested on Lithuanian and both commercial banks of the Baltic States. Three key indicators were selected for Lithuanian banks: Non – performing loans / (Share capital + reserves); Non – performing assets / Pre – provision income; Deposits. The correlation and regression analysis of stated indicators was performed. It allowed determining strong linear dependence among individual credit rating of bank and 10 main indicators. Correlation analysis of Latvian banks was not successful due to insufficient adoption of basic indicators to Latvian banks. The significance of the equation was negative and it was not possible to determine significant indicators. The correlation analysis for Estonian banks failed, but it was successful for aggregate data and showed strong linear dependence among individual credit rating of bank and main indicators. The model led to find out these significant indicators for the commercial banks of the Baltic States: ROE; Provisions / Total loan portfolio; Nonperforming loans / (Share capital + reserves); Provisions / Non – performing loans; Non-performing loans/ Pre – provision income; Deposits. The present model, based on Lithuanian commercial banks, is not universal for all the Baltic States. Modeling of bank’s financial condition, using multidimensional regression is also possible. This would lead to projection of bank’s rating by changing values of the key variables.